-新教材高中英語UNIT2Outofthisworld教學知識細解碼學案譯林版選擇必修性必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE8UNIT2Outofthisworld1．occupyvt.占用，使用；居??；占領，侵占；使忙于→occupiedadj.使用中；有人使用(或居住)2．evaluatevt.評估，估計，評價→evaluationn．評價exposuren．面臨，遭受；揭露；報道；曝光；接觸①Hernewmoviehashadalotofexposureinthemedia. 報道②Iusedalongexposureforthisone. 曝光③It'slikestayinginafishmarketandgettingusedtothestink；longexposuretoabadenvironmentaccustomsonetoevilways. 接觸WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席(教材P16)Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace，wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon'tfloataround.由于太空中幾乎沒有重力，我們不得不把我們自己拴起來，這樣我們就不會四處漂浮。[例]Thecasewasdismissedintheabsenceofanydefiniteproof.此案因缺乏確鑿證據(jù)而不予受理。[知識拓展](1)in/duringsb'sabsence＝in/duringtheabsenceofsb. 在某人不在期間intheabsenceof... 缺乏……；不存在……absencefrom 缺席，離開，不在某處absenceofmind 心不在焉(2)absentadj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的；心不在焉的beabsentfrom 缺席；不在[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①It'sthemanager'sjobtoorganizecoversforstaffwhoareabsent(absence)．②Hisabsenceofmindwhiledriving(他駕駛的時候走神)nearlycausedanaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)bothervt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力(做某事)；打擾vi.花費時間精力(做某事)n.麻煩，困難(教材P16)...buttheunusualbedsdon'tbotherusanymore.但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。[例]Idon'twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。[知識拓展]bothersb.withsth. 因某事讓某人擔心/煩心notbothertodo/doingsth. 不用費心去做某事Itbotherssb.that... 讓某人擔心/苦惱的是……[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon'tknowwhyhebothersmewiththiskindofrubbish.②Yearsbefore，Ievendidnotbothertoapplyfor(甚至不愿去申請)EmploymentInsuranceBenefitwhenIwasunemployed.③Itreallybothersmethat(使我很苦惱)theyhaven'trepliedtoourletters.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)occupyvt.占用，使用；居?。徽碱I，侵占；使忙于(教材P16)Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding，buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding.占用了一天里大部分時間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會非常有意義。[例]Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.床似乎占去了大半個屋子。[知識拓展](1)beoccupiedindoingsth. 忙于做某事occupysb.oneself(indoingsth./withsb./sth.) 忙于……；專心于……bedeeplyoccupiedinthinking 陷入深思befullyoccupied 忙得不可開交(2)occupationn. 占領；侵占；職業(yè)[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Haasoccupiedhimselfinwriting(write)hisresearchpaper.②SheoccupiedherselfwithatranslationofaFrenchnovel.③Pleasestateyourname，ageandoccupation(occupy)below.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)circumstancen．條件，狀況；境況，(尤指)經(jīng)濟狀況(教材P17)Inthecircumstances，it'stimeforaspacewalk.在這種情況下，是時候來場太空行走了。[例]Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances.本公司保留在一定條件下取消這項協(xié)議的權利。[知識拓展]inthecircumstances＝underthecircumstances 在這種情況下in/undernocircumstances＝innocase 絕不(置于句首句子用部分倒裝)[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Undernocircumstances(circumstance)canweagreetosuchaprinciple.②Inthecircumstances(在這種情況下)，theinformationaboutcompetitionplaysanimportantroleinsports.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)exposuren．面臨，遭受；揭露；報道(教材P17)First，weputonourspacesuits，whichallowustobreatheinspaceandprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation.首先，我們穿上宇航服，它使我們能夠在太空中呼吸，保護我們免受寒冷和輻射的傷害。[例]Continuousexposuretosoundabove80decibelscouldbeharmfultothehearing.持續(xù)暴露在強度高于80分貝的噪聲中可能對聽覺有害。[知識拓展](1)exposev． 暴露，使曝光beexposedto 使暴露在……exposesb./sth.to... 使……暴露在……exposesth. 揭露某事(2)overexposev. 使(膠片等)曝光過度； 對……報道過頻[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Keepindoorsanddon'texposeyourskintothesun.②Heexposedtheplan(透露了這個計劃)tothenewspapers.③Thephotographistoolight：itmusthavebeenoverexposed(曝光過度)．eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)inviewof鑒于，考慮到(教材P17)Inviewofthelow-gravityenvironment，eatingisalsodifferentinspace.鑒于失重狀態(tài)的環(huán)境，飲食在空間站上也有所不同。[例]Inviewofthepresentsituation，we'llhavetoreviseouroriginalplan.基于目前這種情況，我們不得不修改原來的計劃。[知識拓展](1)inone'sview 在某人看來onview 陳列中；展覽中(2)inview 在視線中；在視野中outofview 不在視野中comeintoview 映入眼簾[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thepiecesonviewarenotgroupedaroundanyonetheme.②Shewaveduntilthetrainwasoutofview(直到火車從視野中消失)．③Inmyview(在我看來)publicparticipationisoneofthefewoptions.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點7)vitaladj.必不可少的，對……極重要的；維持生命所必需的(教材P17)Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health.花些時間在健身房鍛煉對宇航員的健康至關重要。[例]Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.閱讀在語言學習中至關重要。[知識拓展]bevitalto/for... 對……是至關重要的Itisvitaltodo... 做……很重要Itis/wasvitalthat... ……是十分重要的[從句中要用虛擬 語氣“(should)＋do”][即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hisfunctionisvitalto/fortheaccomplishmentoftheagency'smission.②Itisvitalthatwe(should)acttostopthedestructionoftherainforests(我們應當采取行動制止破壞雨林)．SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)with復合結構(教材P16)Withsomuchgoingon，thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance，soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning.由于發(fā)生了這么多事情，空間站需要大量的維護，所以我們經(jīng)常檢查支持系統(tǒng)并做一些清潔工作。句式分析：本句中的withsomuchgoingon是“with＋n.＋現(xiàn)在分詞”結構，在句中作原因狀語。[例1]Hefeltmoreuneasywiththewholeclassstaringathim.全班同學看著他，他感到更不自在了。[例2]I'dliketoseethenewfilmwithtimepermitting.如果時間許可，我想看那部新電影。[知識拓展]with復合結構中除了可以跟介詞短語外，還有以下結構：(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞(2)with＋賓語＋副詞(3)with＋賓語＋介詞短語(4)with＋賓語＋過去分詞(5)with＋賓語＋動詞不定式[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hefellasleepwiththelampburning(burn)．②Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock)．③Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash(wash)．④Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull(你滿嘴巴食物)．eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)as引導讓步狀語從句(教材P17)SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis，spacewalkingisnotasexcitedasyoumightthink.雖然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激動人心。句式分析：本句是一個倒裝句，as引導讓步狀語從句，句子必須用倒裝形式。[例1]Hardasheworks，hemakeslittleprogress.盡管他學習很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進步。[例2]Childashewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。[知識拓展]另外although，though可以引導讓步狀語從句；although不用倒裝；though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。[即學即練]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Althoughitwasrainingheavilyoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.→Heavilyas/thoughitwasrainingoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.②Althoughatomsaresmall，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.＝Smallas/thoughatomsare，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)that'swhy...“這就是……的原因”(教材P17)That'swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.這就是為什么每次太空漫步都是精心策劃的。句式分析：本句that'swhy...表示“這就是……的原因”，why引導表語從句，why后面跟結果。[例1]Thatiswhytherearemanyversionsofthesamestory.這就是為什么同一個故事有很多版本。[例2]ThatiswhytheculturalindustryinChinaisneeded.這就是中國需要文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的原因。[知識拓展]That'sbecause... 這是因為……(because后面跟原因)Thereasonwhy...isthat... ……的原因是……[即學即練]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換Hemissedthebus，that'swhyhewaslateforschool.→Hewaslateforschool，that'sbecausehemissedthebus.→Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisthathemissedthebus.Themostchallengingworktakesplacewhenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation，suchastestingnewequipment，monitoringscientificexperimentsorrepairingthespacestation.[分析]本句是一個復合句，when引導時間狀語從句，testing，monitoring，repairing是并列的賓語。[譯文]最具挑戰(zhàn)性的工作發(fā)生在我們需要在空間站外執(zhí)行任務時，例如測試新設備、監(jiān)測科學實驗或維修空間站。教材高考1buttheunusualbedsdon'tbotherusanymore.(2020·江蘇卷)Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.2.Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding，buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding.(2020·天津卷)Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner，toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark，tobesatisfied.3.Consideringthesenegativeeffectslowgravityhasonthehumanbody，wedisciplineourselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday.(2020·北京卷)ThenIheldanonlinediscussionwithmyclassmatesonhowtowelldisciplineourselves.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Wedidnotreceiveanynewsduringhislongabsence(absent)．2．Allthishashappenedbecauseyoucouldn'tbebotheredtogive(give)methemessage.3．He'sfullyoccupiedinlooking(look)afterthreesmallchildren.4．Afterroutineevaluation(evaluate)hewasappointedasafullprofessor.5．Exposure(expose)toleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.6．Residentswerewarnednottobeextravagantwithwater，inviewofthelowrainfallthisyear.7．Foodproductionanddistributionarevitaltosociety.8．Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeing(be)ill.9．Thereasonwhytheinjectionneedstoberepeatedeveryyearisthattheviruschanges.10．Hardasheworks；hecan'tsupporthisfamily.Ⅱ.短語填空takeplace；cometoanend；inviewof；castnewlighton；morethan；inthecircumstances1．Itissaidthatrecentresearchhascastnewlightonthecausesofthedisease.2．Inviewoftheweather，theeventwillnowbeheldindoors.3．ChinaDailyismorethananewspaper.ItcanhelpuslearnEnglish.4．Inthecircumstances，itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.5．Atlastthemeetingcametoanend．6．Wemayneverdiscoverwhattookplacethatnight.Ⅲ.課文語法填空Duetothenear1.absence(absent)ofgravity，wehavetoattachourselves.Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters，orinsleepingbag，2.attached(attach)tothewallsortheceiling.Theroutinetasksaredemandingbute