山東省青島市2023屆高三上學(xué)期期初（開學(xué)）調(diào)研檢測(cè)-英語(yǔ)答案

2022年高三年級(jí)期初調(diào)研檢測(cè)

英語(yǔ)試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改

動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在

本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatwillthemando?

A.Headforlunch.B.Meetthemanager.C.Lendahand.

2.Whereareprobablythespeakers?

A.Inakitchen.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.

3.WhywasJennyabsentfromschool?

A.Shewasill.B.Sheoverslept.C.Shehadtolookafterhermother.

4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Aholidayplan.B.Theman'srelatives.C.Theman'sinvitation.

5.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Helpful.B.Grateful.C.Anxious.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，

每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithabouttheredsweater?

A.Theprice.B.Thestyle.C.Thematerial.

7.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?

A.Gotoanotherstore.B.Tryonthegreendress.C.Buythepinkdress.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whatkindofroomdoesthemanprefer?

A.Adoubleroom.B.Asingleroom.C.Asuite.

9.Whatistheman'srequirementfortheroom?

A.Ithasbeautifulscenery.B.Itisonthelowerfloor.C.Itissmoke-free.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomanabout?

A.Herworkschedule.B.Herhotelinformation.C.Herflightnumber.

11.WhatwillthewomandoonOctober12th?

A.Visitsomefactories.B.Haveaconference.C.Signacontract.

12.Whereisthewomannow?

A.InMilan.B.InVenice.C.InSaoPaulo.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atanairport.B.Onaplane.C.Inataxi.

14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?

A.Sheiswarm-hearted.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisknowledgeable.

15.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?

A.VisitLosAngeles.B.Pickuphisbaggage.C.Catchhisflight.

16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Familymembers.B.Closefriends.C.Fellowpassengers.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?

A.Tosharesomeusefulapps.B.Toshowthepowerofsound.C.Toexplainthecausesofhearingloss.

18.WhatcanusershearatASoftMurmur?

A.Oceannoises.B.Whitenoise.C.Water,fieldandforestnoises.

19.WhoisprobablyRobert?

A.Areporter.B.Auser.C.Anearspecialist.

20.WhatdoesRobertsayaboutthedevice?

A.Ifsaffordable.B.It*sconvenient.C.It*senjoyable.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Communitycollegesofferlowtuition,job-specifictrainingandotherbenefits.Whetheryou'reahighschool

studentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoorsomeoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasons

toputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.

LowerCosts

Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelativelylowcostofattendance.Accordingto

datafromtheCollegeBoard,communitycollegescost,onaverage,aboutone-thirdofin-statetuitionatfour-year

publicuniversities.

APathtoaFour-yearCollege

Manyfour-yearuniversitieshavetransferagreementswithlocalcommunitycolleges.Theseagreementsallow

studentswhocompletespecificrequirementstoeasilytransferintoafour-yearprogramatanearbyuniversity.

Transferstudentscanthenearnabachelor'sdegreewhileonlyhavingtopaytwoyearsofhighertuition.

Flexibility

Communitycollegesallowforflexiblescheduling,makingthemaparticularlygoodoptionforolderstudents

whoareworkingprofessionalsorparents.Manycommunitycollegesalsoallowhighschoolstudentstotake

college-levelcoursesduringeveningsorweekends.

WorkforceTraining

Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerandtechnicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursing

orfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprogramspreparesstudentsfbrenteringtheworkforce.From

culinary（烹飪）artstoautomobilemechanics,communitycollegesofferabroadselectionofprofessionalized

courseworkthatfour-yearuniversitiesoftendonot.

1.Whoaremostlikelytoattendcommunitycolleges?

A.Highschoolstudentsfacingcollegechoices.

B.Adultsplanningtoworkathighschools.

C.Collegestudentsanxioustoimprovethemselves.

D.Professionalseagerforcollege-levelcourses.

2.Whichisthoughttobethebiggestadvantageofcommunitycolleges?

A.LowerCosts.B.APathtoaFour-yearCollege.

C.Flexibility.D.WorkforceTraining.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheworkforcetrainingprograms?

A.Interesting.B.Time-consuming.C.Practical.D.Demanding.

【答案】l.A2.A3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是把社區(qū)大學(xué)列入申請(qǐng)名單的幾條理由。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的aWhetheryou'reahighschoolstudentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoor

someoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasonstoputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.（無(wú)論

你是一個(gè)不確定要申請(qǐng)哪所大學(xué)的高中生，還是一個(gè)考慮重返校園的人，有很多理由把社區(qū)大學(xué)列入你的

名單。）”可知，最有可能上社區(qū)大學(xué)的是面臨大學(xué)選擇的高中生，故選A。

2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LowerCosts部分的“Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelatively

lowcostofattendance.（最常被提及的社區(qū)大學(xué)的好處是入學(xué)成本相對(duì)較低。）”可知，社區(qū)大學(xué)最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)

是更低的成本，故選A。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)WorkforceTraining部分的"Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerand

technicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursingorfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprograms

preparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.（社區(qū)大學(xué)傾向于提供廣泛的職業(yè)和技術(shù)教育課程，如護(hù)理或消防

等領(lǐng)域。這些課程的高應(yīng)用性為學(xué)生進(jìn)入職場(chǎng)做好了準(zhǔn)備。）”可知，勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃是實(shí)用的，故選C。

B

ValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofitwildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthe

mud."Iamreallystuck,“saystheroadecologystudent,tryingtopullherfeetoutofastreambedthattravelsthrough

theconcreteculvert（涵洞）ofQuebecRoute117.“Idonotwanttobeadeergoingthroughthat.”

Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesamepath.

Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudes（緯度）toremainwithintheir

desirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchashighways.IneasternCanada,

Bolducandotherresearchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridors（走廊）forwildlife.

Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusingthetunnels.An

outward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedbytrafficnoise,the

tunnefssizeorotherfactors.

BolducexplainsthatthishighwayrunningthroughsouthernQuebecseparatesaseriesofCanadiannationaland

regionalparksoneitherside,alongwiththeiranimalpopulations.uIfssuperimportant,shenotes,"becausethe

animalswanttomovenorthandtheyencountertheseandthencantheymovethrough?Willtheygethitbyacar?

We'Hneedtofigurethatout.Andweneedtohelpthem,atleastIwanttohelpthem.”

Afterfinishingfittingtheircamerasonthenorthboundsideofthehighway,Bolducandherteamdecidethey

needanalternatepathtotheothersidetoavoidanothermisfortuneinthemud."We'regenerallytryingtobesafe/*

Bolducsays,“butfortheanimals,thisistheirlife!,,

4.WhatcanwelearnfromBolduc'sexperienceofbeingtrapped?

A.Itisdifficulttofitwildlifecameras.

B.Sheisoutofluckduringtheexploration.

C.Roadconditionsofthehighwayareunexpected.

D.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocrossthisarea.

5.Whatdotheseanimalsmovetohigherlatitudesfor?

A.Lesstrafficnoise.B.Wannerclimate.C.Safecorridors.D.Favorableenvironments.

6.Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewildlifecameras?

A.lbrecordthechangesintrafficflow.B.Tofigureoutdifficultieswildanimalsface.

C.Totrackanimalsinandaroundthetunnels.D.lbphotographthelivingenvironmentofwildanimals.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighTechProtectsWildlifeB.AnimalMigrationIsunderThreat

C.EcologistsFeartheFutureofWildlifeD.ResearchersSeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate

【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是ValerieBolduc及其他研究人員通過(guò)安裝動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)為動(dòng)物遷徙

尋找路徑。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Bolduc'sdileminamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesame

path.（Bolduc的兩難處境清楚地說(shuō)明了野生動(dòng)物走同一條路的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）”可知，我們能從博爾達(dá)克被困的經(jīng)歷

中學(xué)到野生動(dòng)物穿過(guò)這個(gè)地區(qū)是危險(xiǎn)的。故選D。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudesto

remainwithintheirdesirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchas

highways.（氣候變暖正迫使許多動(dòng)物向高緯度地區(qū)遷徙，以留在它們理想的環(huán)境中，但這也伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因

為它們要穿過(guò)危險(xiǎn)的地區(qū)，比如高速公路。）”可知，這些動(dòng)物遷移到高緯度地區(qū)是為了有利的環(huán)境。故選

Do

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesare

usingthetunnels.Anoutward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhaps

preventedbytrafficnoise,thetunnefssizeorotherfactors.（他們帶來(lái)的動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)將記錄哪些物種正在使用隧

道。一個(gè)朝外的攝像頭將識(shí)別哪些動(dòng)物靠近但沒(méi)有進(jìn)入，也許是因?yàn)榻煌ㄔ胍?、隧道大小或其他因素。）?/p>

可知，野生動(dòng)物攝像機(jī)的功能是用來(lái)追蹤隧道內(nèi)外的動(dòng)物。故選C。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的"ValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofit

wildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthemud.（瓦萊麗?博爾達(dá)克正在四車道高速公路下探索一條小路，以

便安裝野生動(dòng)物攝像機(jī)，這時(shí)她被困在了泥里。）”和第三段的uIneasternCanada,Bolducandother

researchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridorsforwildlife.（在加拿大東部，Bolduc和其他

研究人員以及自然資源保護(hù)主義者正在努力為野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)安全的走廊。）”可知，本文主要講的是Valerie

Bolduc及其他研究人員通過(guò)安裝動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)為動(dòng)物遷徙尋找路徑，因此最好的題目是D選項(xiàng)“Researchers

SeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate（研究人員為動(dòng)物遷徙尋找路徑）”，故選D。

C

Coveredinlushfur,thethickestintheanimalkingdom,seaotters（海獺）canlivetheirentirelivesintheocean,

feedingheavilyuponseaflooranimalssuchasshellfish.Theyareoftenseentoeatclams（蛤）,whichburythemselves

inmeadowsofeelgrass（大葉藻場(chǎng)），awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.Eelgrassmeadowswheresea

ottersdigforclamsbecomepartlybare,whichiscommonlyaconcernforecologists.

Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedin

Science.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What's

more,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversity

causedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.

Thefindingisapowerfulexampleofhowanimalssuchasottersinfluencetheirecosystemsbeyondpredation

（捕食），ofteninunseenandlittle-knownways,saysstudyleaderErinFoster,aresearchassociateattheHakai

Institute.Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisin

dangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.

Seagrasshabitatsarealsoimportantformanyfish,providingfoodforanimals,absorbing,andfilteringharmful

pollutionandbacteriafromthewater."Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,"saysFoster.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?

A.Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.B.Theymainlyfeedonseaanimalslikefish.

C.Theyeatclamsbeneatheelgrassmeadows.D.Theybecomeanewconcernforecologists.

9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?

A.Bygivingopinions.B.Bypresentingreasons.

C.Byclarifyingconcepts.D.Bycomparingresults.

10.Whydoestheauthormentiontheendangeredconditionofeelgrass?

A.Toprovideexamplesofseaotters*predation.

B.Toshowtheurgencytoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Tohighlighttheroleofottersintheirecosystems.

D.Towarnagainstthepotentialriskofclimatechange.

11.WhatdoesFosterthinkoftheimpactottershaveonunderwatermeadows?

A.Overestimated.B.Noteworthy.C.Temporary.D.Unpredictable.

【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述海獺，一種瀕危物種，對(duì)它們的環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，并給全世界處于

危險(xiǎn)中的鰻草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的機(jī)會(huì)。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段"Theyareoftenseentoeatclams,whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass,a

wide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.（人們經(jīng)常看至它們吃蛤蛆1,蛤蝌把自己埋在鰻草草甸中，鰻草是

一種廣泛生長(zhǎng)在水中的植物。）”可知，海獺吃在鰻草下面的蛤蝌。故選C項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,according

toanewstudypublishedinScience.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplants

flowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightfbrseedstosettleandgrow.

Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuture

threats.（根據(jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)新研究，事實(shí)證明，有水獺的草地更健康，有更多的鰻草。這是因?yàn)?/p>

水獺通過(guò)輕輕攪動(dòng)海床，使植物開花并產(chǎn)生種子。更重要的是，他們的挖掘?yàn)榉N子的定居和生長(zhǎng)提供了更

多的空間和陽(yáng)光。海獺導(dǎo)致的遺傳多樣性增強(qiáng)可能使鰻草更適應(yīng)當(dāng)前和未來(lái)的威脅。）”可知，文章第二段

先給出結(jié)論Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,后面再說(shuō)明原因，所以第

二段是通過(guò)給原因來(lái)論證的。故選B項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章第三段”】talsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsand

giveeelgrass,whichisindangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.（這也意味著海獺，一

種瀕危物種，對(duì)它們的環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，并給全世界處于危險(xiǎn)中的鰻草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的機(jī)會(huì)

可知，作者提到瀕危的鰻草是為了突出海獺對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的作用。故選C項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。由文章最后一段""Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengesweYefacing...thiswillbeimportantfbreelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,'*saysFoster.（Foster說(shuō)：“基因多樣性通常會(huì)增強(qiáng)物種

的適應(yīng)性，考慮到我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)……這對(duì)鰻草草地非常重要，從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，海獺的影響值得我們長(zhǎng)

期關(guān)注。"。）”可知，F(xiàn)oster對(duì)海獺是水草的影響是值得我們長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注的。A.Overestimated高估的；

B.Noteworthy值得關(guān)注的；C.Temporary短暫的；D.Unpredictable不可預(yù)知的。故選B項(xiàng)。

D

Wintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithcomfortfood,butinfact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmen

eatmorecalories-unlikewomen."Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleasean

appetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelin（tJL餓激素）JsaysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.

Levyandherteamnoticedtheunexpectedeffectinexperimentsinmicethatinvestigatedmechanisms（機(jī)

制）behindskincancer,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlightatemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,the

researchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewhohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment's

regularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,menconsumedabout17percentmore

caloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyearwhilewomen'sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.

Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanysystems,butghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectly

stimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlysecretedbythestomachwhenempty."IttellsthebraintoeatmoreJ

saysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham.

FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVBradiationraisedlevelsofghrelinsecretionbyfat

cellsintheirskin.Boostedlevelsofghrelinwerealsoseeninskinsamplesthatweretakenfrommenandexposedto

UVlightinthelab.Gorvinsaystheskinhadn'tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite.fctIfifsreal,it's

quiteexcitingandweshouldsparenoeffortstogettothebottom,shesays.

Ilisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityin

summer,saysGorvin.uAsthelargestorganofthebody,itmakessensethattheskincansensetheenvironment,

sensingthatthereisUVnow,thatnowisthetimetogoout.”

12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheeffectfromparagraph1?

A.Humanstendtoeatmorefoodinwinter.

B.Ourskincontainsahormonethatmakesusactive.

C.Summersunlightseemstoboostmen'scalorieintake.

D.Womensufferlossofappetitebecauseofsummerheat.

13.Whathelpedtheteamlookintotheeffectonhumans?

A.DoingexperimentsinUVlight.B.Analysingexistingdataoffered.

C.Carryingoutdietaryquestionnaires.D.Surveyingnationalhealthcondition.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“secreted"meaninparagraph3?

A.Balanced.B.Influenced.C.Raised.D.Produced.

15.WhatcanwelearnfromGorvin'swords?

A.Theskinisadecisivefactorinphysicalactivities.

B.ExposuretoUVlightcontributestocalorieburnup.

C.Theroleoftheskininappetiteneedsfurtherresearch.

D.Higherfoodintakemakesmengainweightinsummer.

【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是陽(yáng)光明媚的夏天是男人攝入更多卡路里的時(shí)候。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"infact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories-unlikewomen.

“Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghonnonecalledghrelin

saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.（事實(shí)上，陽(yáng)光明媚的夏天是男人攝入更多卡路里的時(shí)候——不像女人。

特拉維夫大學(xué)的卡米特?列維說(shuō)：”這種效果的產(chǎn)生可能是因?yàn)殛?yáng)光使皮膚釋放一種刺激食欲的激素一

胃饑餓素?？芍娜盏年?yáng)光似乎能增加男性的卡路里攝入量。故選C。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的"Toseeifhumansdothesame,theresearchersusedexistingdataon3,000people

whohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment'sregularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.（為

了看看人類是否也會(huì)這樣做，研究人員使用了3000人的現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)，這些人填寫了飲食調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，這是政府

定期進(jìn)行的全國(guó)健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查的一部分。）”可知，幫助研究小組研究了它對(duì)人類的影響的是分析現(xiàn)有數(shù)

據(jù)。故選B。

【14題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“ghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating（胃饑餓素似乎

是唯一直接刺激進(jìn)食的激素）”和“bythestomachwhenempty（被空的胃）”可知，劃線詞所在句表示“它被

認(rèn)為主要是胃空時(shí)分泌的”，劃線詞的意思是“產(chǎn)生”，和produced意思相近，故選D。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuel

greaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysGorvin.（高文說(shuō)，目前還不清楚這種效應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因，但它可能是一

種適應(yīng)反應(yīng)，為夏季更多的體育活動(dòng)提供燃料。）”可知，皮膚對(duì)食欲的作用還需要進(jìn)一步研究。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多巴胺）

trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.16Itmakesus

stop,notice,andlearn.

InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch:17They

formourself-concept.

18Samanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynamingher

captain.Hesaid,“Shemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten/'Thesurprise

leftherfeelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.

Notallsurprisingmomentsarecreatedequal.Rousellillustratessomeresearch-backedstepstousesurprise

well.

Spotaself-criticismyou'dliketohelpsomeonerevise.Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslow

learner,oryouremployeebelieveshelackscreativity.19Maybethestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyis

alsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighlylogical.Makeyourmessagequickandto

thepoint.Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasfloweiypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.20

A.Pointouthisweakness.

B.Itwasanessentialadaptationforhumans.

C.Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.

D.Also,itwillmakelessdifferencetoone'smind.

E.Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.

F.Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.

G.Surprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.

【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是什么是驚訝和驚訝的力量。

【16題詳解】

空前說(shuō)“Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多

ES$）trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.（驚訝是當(dāng)意外發(fā)生

時(shí).，我們的大腦產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤信號(hào)。它是多巴胺的觸發(fā)器，產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)驅(qū)動(dòng)注意力和動(dòng)機(jī)。）”，空后說(shuō)

“Itmakesusstop,notice,andlearn.（它讓我們停下來(lái)，注意并學(xué)習(xí)。）”，因此空格處應(yīng)接著上文，繼續(xù)介紹

驚訝是什么，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Toputitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.（簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，驚訝對(duì)我們的大腦來(lái)說(shuō)很

重要。）”是介紹驚訝的，因此承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。

【17題詳解】

空前說(shuō)"InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch（在他的書

《驚訝的力量》中，Rousell介紹了他幾十年來(lái)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)）”，空格處應(yīng)說(shuō)明研究發(fā)現(xiàn)具體是什么，G選項(xiàng)

uSurprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.（驚訝?zhēng)?lái)的體驗(yàn)塑造了我們對(duì)自己的信念。）

是一項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。

【18題詳解】

空后說(shuō)uSamanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynaminghercaptain.He

said,€tShemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten.^^Thesurpriselefther

feelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.（薩曼莎覺(jué)得害羞是她的

弱點(diǎn)，直到她的游泳教練任命她為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，這讓她大吃一驚。他說(shuō)：“她可能很安靜，但當(dāng)這個(gè)女孩說(shuō)什么時(shí)，

你會(huì)想要傾聽?！边@個(gè)驚訝讓她覺(jué)得自己很強(qiáng)大。她的信念和行為發(fā)生了瞬間而持久的變化。）”，這是舉

的具體的一個(gè)例子，E選項(xiàng)uHereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.（下面是作者在他的書中分享的一

個(gè)例子。）”引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

【19題詳解】

空前說(shuō)“Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslowlearner,oryouremployeebelieveshelacks

creativity.（例如，也許你的學(xué)生認(rèn)為自己學(xué)習(xí)很慢，或者你的員工認(rèn)為他缺乏創(chuàng)造力。）”，空后說(shuō)“Maybe

thestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyisalsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityis

highlylogical.（也許認(rèn)為自己學(xué)得慢的學(xué)生也是很透徹的。認(rèn)為自己缺乏創(chuàng)造力的員工是很有邏輯的。）”，

說(shuō)明要看到一個(gè)事情的另一方面，C選項(xiàng)Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.（識(shí)別同一枚硬幣的反

面。）”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。

【20題詳解】

空前說(shuō)“Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.（你在這個(gè)

話題上越拖延，或者把它裝扮成華麗的贊美，它就越不令人驚訝。）”，D選項(xiàng)“Also,itwillmakelessdifference

toone'smind.（而且，它對(duì)一個(gè)人的思想影響較小。）”中的句式和空前的“thelesssurprisingitwillbe”相一

致，繼續(xù)講你在這個(gè)話題上越拖延，或者把它裝扮成華麗的贊美會(huì)有什么影響，因此承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，

故選Do

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

AmyJandrisevitsknowsthevalueofagooddoll（玩具娃娃）.“Dollshavea21wedon'tcompletely

understand,shesaid.Ifsafn）22shegotwhileworkingasasocialworkerusingdollstohelpyoungkids

23theirchangingmedicalsituations.

Sevenyearsago,a24saidthatherchildwasinvolvedinacaraccident,leavingascar（傷疤）onhis

face.Jandrisevitsknewwhatmighthelptheyouththroughthis25period."It's26totellakid,

'Youareperfectthewayyouare/andtobuild27thatway,“shesays.

Jandrisevitswentabout28that.Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend'schildandsentit

off.Afterthefriend29aphotoonlineofthehappychildanddoll,anotherwomanaskedJandrisevitsto

makeadollforherbaby,whowasmissingaleg.

Word30andsoonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsforchildrenwithbirthmarksorfacialdeformities

（畸形），fromphotossentbyparents.She31herpreviousjobandstartedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe.

Shehasn't32foradollsinceshebeganhernonprofit.

Inall,she'smademorethan400dolls.ThewaitinglistislongbutJandrisevitsis33.Asshe

explains,<€Everykid,34gender,age,medicalissueorbodytype,shouldlookintothe35

faceofadollandseetheirown.,,

21.A.powerB.themeC.systemD.fashion

22.A.lessonB.inspirationC.rewardD.experience

23.A.turntoB.adapttoC.realizeD.ignore

24.A.workerB.patientC.volunteerD.friend

25.A.unforgettableB.challengingC.complexD.impressive

26.A.naturalB.generousC.helpfulD.hard

27.A.confidenceB.connectionC.trustD.communication

28.A.followingB.blessingC.explainingD.changing

29.A.tookB.sentC.sawD.posted

30.A.cameB.failedC.spreadD.read

31.A.lovedB.quitC.beganD.lost

32.A.chargedB.goneC.askedD.paid

33.A.tiredB.curiousC.determinedD.famous

34.A.regardlessofB.insteadofC.apartfromD.accordingto

35.A.restoredB.beautifiedC.sweetD.funny

【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.D29.D30.C31.

B32.A33.C34.A35.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是AmyJandrisevits用洋娃娃來(lái)幫助年輕的孩子適應(yīng)他們不斷變化

的醫(yī)療狀況，幫助孩子們建立自信的故事。

(21題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：