Unit1Nature-基礎(chǔ)版(教師版)-2020-2021學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)上外版必修第二冊(cè)同步講義

新高一Unitl（上外基礎(chǔ)版）學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：熟練掌握U1詞匯和句型；熟練掌握并運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句。、；熟悉專題閱讀引入：Doyouknowthereason Tomdidn’tcomeyesterday?A.Which B.why C.whoD.thatAfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.that D.whenIsthisthereason shegavefornotfinishingherhomeworkyesterday?A.whyB.forwhichC.thatD.towhichAfterthewar,anewschoolwasputup therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.which C.whenD.whereDoyouknowthereason shegotsoangryyesterday?A.whyB.that C.whichD.whomDoyoubelievethereason hegaveforhisbeinglate?A.whyB.forwhichC.whichD.itHehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.whenIdon’tliketheway youspeaktoher.A.whichB./C.ofwhichD.bywhichTheoldmantoldus thedays hewaspoorweregone.A.that,whenB.what,whenC.when,thatD.something,thatIshallneverforgettheday ShenzhouVwaslaunched, hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whichB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;that【答案】1-5BBCDA6-10CABAA知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、詞匯與詞組【知識(shí)梳理】1.creature/kri:tJVn.Youcanrefertoanylivingthingthatisnotaplantasacreature,especiallywhenitisofanunknownorunfamiliarkind.Peoplealsorefertoimaginaryanimalsandbeingsascreatures.(尤指不明的或想像中的)生物;動(dòng)物【同根詞】creativeadj有創(chuàng)造力的2.creativityn.創(chuàng)造力paradise/p史radas/n.Accordingtosomereligions,paradiseisawonderfulplacewherepeoplegoaftertheydie,iftheyhaveledgoodlives.天堂wither/W加/vi.Ifsomeoneorsomethingwithers,theybecomeveryweak.變虛弱【短語(yǔ)】witheraway變虛弱vi.Ifaflowerorplantwithers,itdriesupanddies.(花朵或植物)枯萎replace/riples/vt.Ifonethingorpersonreplacesanother,thefirstisusedoractsinsteadofthesecond.代替;取代vt.Ifyoureplaceonethingorpersonwithanother,youputsomethingorsomeoneelseintheirplacetodotheirjob.用…代替;用…替換近義詞：substitute/SAbsti|tju：t/n/v.Ifyousubstituteonethingforanother,orifonethingsubstitutesforanother,ittakestheplaceorperformsthefunctionoftheotherthing.替代品/以…代替;代替【固定搭配】replaceAwithB用B替換AsubstituteAforB用A代替B注意二者的區(qū)別！theory/19er/n.Atheoryisaformalideaorsetofideasthatisintendedtoexplainsomething.理論【短語(yǔ)】intheory從理論上講reward/riWod/1)n.Arewardissomethingthatyouaregiven,forexamplebecauseyouhavebehavedwell,workedhard,orprovidedaservicetothecommunity.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)2)n.Arewardisasumofmoneyofferedtoanyonewhocangiveinformationaboutlostorstolenproperty,amissingperson,orsomeonewhoiswantedbythepolice.賞金3)vt.Ifyoudosomethingandarerewardedwithaparticularbenefit,youreceivethatbenefitasaresultofdoingthatthing.回報(bào)4)n.Therewardsofsomethingarethebenefitsthatyoureceiveasaresultofdoingorhavingthatthing.回報(bào)【近義詞辨析】reward,award這組詞都有“難予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”的意思，其區(qū)別是：reward指對(duì)品德高尚和勤勞的人所給予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。也可指為某事付酬金。award側(cè)重指官方或經(jīng)正式研究裁決后對(duì)有功者或競(jìng)賽優(yōu)勝者所給予的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。solution/sah：fn/1)n.Asolutiontoaproblemordifficultsituationisawayofdealingwithitsothatthedifficultyisremoved.解決辦法2)n.Thesolutiontoapuzzleistheanswertoit.謎底【固定搭配】solutionto 的解決方案/謎底ignore/gMo/1)vt.Ifyouignoresomeoneorsomething,youpaynoattentiontothem.不理睬2)vt.Ifyousaythatanargumentortheoryignoresanimportantaspectofasituation,youarecriticizingitbecauseitfailstoconsiderthataspectortotakeitintoaccount.(某論斷或理論)忽視r(shí)estore/riSto/1)vt.Torestoreasituationorpracticemeanstocauseittoexistagain.恢復(fù)restorationn.恢復(fù)vt.Torestoresomeoneorsomethingtoapreviousconditionorplacemeanstocausethemtobeinthatconditionorplaceonceagain.使復(fù)原4)vt.Whensomeonerestoressomethingsuchasanoldbuilding,painting,orpieceoffurniture,theyrepairandcleanit,sothatitlookslikeitdidwhenitwasnew.修復(fù)5)vt.Ifsomethingthatwaslostorstolenisrestoredtoitsowner,itisreturnedtothem.歸還【短語(yǔ)】backupandrestore備份與還原10.destroy/diStro/1)vt.Todestroysomethingmeanstocausesomuchdamagetoitthatitiscompletelyruinedordoesnotexistanymore.摧毀2)vt.Todestroysomeonemeanstoruintheirlifeortomaketheirsituationimpossibletobear.毀掉3)vt.Ifananimalisdestroyed,itiskilled,eitherbecauseitisillorbecauseitisdangerous.宰殺【近義詞辨析】destroy,break,wreck,ruin,spoil,damage這組詞都有“破壞，損壞”的意思，其區(qū)別是：1)destroy多指徹底地、毀滅性地破壞，含導(dǎo)致無(wú)用，不能或很難再修復(fù)的意味。2)ruin多指因外部原因而受到嚴(yán)重破壞或毀滅，側(cè)重破壞的徹底性，也可用于引申意義。3)spoil強(qiáng)調(diào)不僅會(huì)削弱力量、精力或價(jià)值，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可避免的毀滅。4)damage多指對(duì)無(wú)生命物體的損害，造成降低價(jià)值、破壞功能等后果。flourish/Hat/1)viIfsomethingflourishes,itissuccessful,active,orcommon,anddevelopingquicklyandstrongly.繁榮;興旺2)adj.flourishing繁榮的;興旺的vi.Ifaplantoranimalflourishes,itgrowswellorishealthybecausetheconditionsarerightforit.(動(dòng)植物因環(huán)境適宜而)旺盛vt.Ifyouflourishanobject,youwaveitaboutinawaythatmakespeoplenoticeit.揮舞5)n.Flourishisalsoanoun.揮動(dòng)【短語(yǔ)】infullflourish在全盛時(shí)，盛極一時(shí)balance/b國(guó)sns/1)v.Ifyoubalancesomethingsomewhere,orifitbalancesthere,itremainssteadyanddoesnotfall.使平衡;平衡2)n.Balanceistheabilitytoremainsteadywhenyouarestandingup.平衡能力【短語(yǔ)】balancebetween…之間的平衡in/onbalanceadv.總而言之，總的來(lái)說(shuō)inthebalance懸而未決；在危急狀態(tài)中balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表delicate/'delkt/adj.Ifsomethingisdelicate,itiseasytoharm,damage,orbreak,andneedstobehandledortreatedcarefully.易碎的;脆弱的.adj.Somethingthatisdelicateissmallandbeautifullyshaped.精巧的;精美的.adj.Somethingthatisdelicatehasacolour,taste,orsmellwhichispleasantandnotstrongorintense.柔和的(顏色);清淡可口的(味道)adjYouusedelicatetodescribeasituation,problem,matter,ordiscussionthatneedstobedealtwithcarefullyandsensitivelyinordertoavoidupsettingthingsoroffendingpeople.微妙的【例題精講】1.Althoughthecorallookshard,itisvery (易碎的).【答案】delicate例2.A.ignoreB.solutionC.rewardE.paradiseF.theoryG.destroyH.creatureI.witherJ.restoreK.replace1.Althoughhehassoughttofindapeaceful,heisfacingpressuretousegreatermilitaryforce.2.Onespeciesoftreeanotherasaforestages.Thefirmlastnightoffereda$10,000forinformationleadingtotheconvictionofthekiller.Baliisoneoftheworld'sgreatnatural.AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingpossessesaspirit.Shesaidherhusbandher.Whenhewentintoretirement,hevisibly.Marxproducedanewabouthistoricalchangebaseduponconflictbetweencompetinggroups.Thearmyhasrecentlybeenbroughtintoorder.【答案】1-5:solution;replaces;reward;paradises;creature6-9:ignored;withered;theory;restore;【鞏固練習(xí)】1,你現(xiàn)在吃的藥可能會(huì)影響你的平衡能力。（balance）2,這種植物在較為惡劣一點(diǎn)的氣候中長(zhǎng)得特別茂盛。（flourish）.要是我年輕點(diǎn)兒或幼稚點(diǎn)兒，這批評(píng)可能已經(jīng)把我毀了。（destroy）.我們會(huì)讓她恢復(fù)健康，但這或許需要時(shí)間。（restore）.此類爭(zhēng)論忽視了最終責(zé)任何在的問題。（ignore）【答案】Themedicinesyouarecurrentlytakingcouldbeaffectingyourbalance.Theplantflourishesparticularlywellinslightlyharsherclimes.IfIwasyoungerormorenaive,thecriticismwouldhavedestroyedme.Wewillrestorehertohealthbutitmaytaketime.Suchargumentsignorethequestionofwhereultimateresponsibilitylay.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、定語(yǔ)從句專題梳理【知識(shí)梳理】一、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納基本概念：定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。一般情況下，定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。（三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。與先行詞關(guān)系密切，因此緊跟先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where和why。在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法（一）基本用法根據(jù)先行詞的不同，和在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，選用不同的關(guān)系代詞。如下表：關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注

who人主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom人賓語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy（whom）sheloveddiedinthewar.whom,which和that在whose人定語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可關(guān)，Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)系物后面關(guān)系代詞不能省代人主語(yǔ)，Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.略，也不可以用that詞that，物賓語(yǔ)Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwanttoseeverymuch.主Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.which物語(yǔ)，Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwas賓語(yǔ)terrible.人主語(yǔ)，Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略as，ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.物賓語(yǔ)例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑〥oyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek? （作主語(yǔ)）Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished. （作主語(yǔ)）Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast. （作賓語(yǔ)）Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou. （作賓語(yǔ)）Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay. （作定語(yǔ)）注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不能。（見上例③④）（二）關(guān)系代詞that代替which的一些情況which,that在代替物時(shí)，一般可以通用。但在有些情況下，只用that。⑴先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。例如：Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。例如：Thisisthelastplace（that）Iwanttovisit.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI'veeverseen.⑶先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代詞時(shí)。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven'tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修飾時(shí)。例如：①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney（that）hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情況⑴先行詞是one,ones,anyone時(shí)。例如：①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn'ttoknowit.⑵先行詞是those時(shí)。例如：①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.（四）其它情況⑴先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如：①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.⑵主句已有疑問詞who或which時(shí)。例如：①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?（五）與whose有關(guān)的問題⑴whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如：①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.⑵當(dāng)whose表示物與物的所有格關(guān)系時(shí)，亦可用ofwhich的形式。例如：①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.fThebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或fThebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.三、介詞前提的問題關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以前提至關(guān)系代詞前。例如：Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow? (which作介詞with的賓語(yǔ))fHaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?但是，要注意的是：⑴介詞前提后，先行詞是人或物，關(guān)系代詞分別只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who。⑵介詞前提后,關(guān)系代詞不再能省略。⑶有些含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不能前提，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。例如：①錯(cuò)誤：Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?正確：Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?②錯(cuò)誤：Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.正確：Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.四、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞一致。例如：①Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?②Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.例③中的all意為“一切”，作單數(shù)。例⑤中沒通過考試的學(xué)生事實(shí)上只有一人，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。五、如何選擇關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞先把主句和定語(yǔ)從句分開,再找出定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞/代詞(即先行詞),然后放入定語(yǔ)從句中,看看這兩者的搭配情況。1)如果定語(yǔ)從句和該先行詞可以直接相連,且在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)的話,則用關(guān)系代詞。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞也屬于代詞,而代詞功能同名詞,在句子中一般充當(dāng)語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)。如：Thisisthecity(which/that)youvisitedlastyear.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是thecity,放入定語(yǔ)從句youvisitedlastyear中，則它直接充當(dāng)visited的賓語(yǔ)，變成：youvisitedthecitylastyear.2)如果定語(yǔ)從句和該先行詞無(wú)法直接相連,必須另外多加上介詞,并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),則使用關(guān)系副詞。如：Thisisthecitywhereyoustayedlastyear.定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞也是thecity,將其放入定語(yǔ)從句中不能直接作成分，必須加上介詞in,一起做從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，即定語(yǔ)從句變?yōu)椋簓oustayedinthecitylastyear.六、定語(yǔ)從句改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句的改錯(cuò)主要涉及關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用以及定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問題。判斷關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的使用是否正確。判斷先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)是否一致。檢查關(guān)系代詞的格的使用是否正確，尤其是在關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)和介詞前置時(shí)。檢查有無(wú)關(guān)系副詞與介詞重復(fù)使用的情況。檢查有無(wú)漏掉作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞的情況。檢查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞使用是否正確。檢查定語(yǔ)從句中除了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞外， 是否還有多余的代詞或副詞?！纠}精講】例1.OnthetrainIsawastudent Ithoughtwasyoursister.【答案】who例2..他揮手從腋下取出帽子，拉低帽檐蓋住眼睛。(flourish)【答案】Hetookhiscapfromunderhisarmwithaflourishandpulleditlowoverhiseyes.2,那是一個(gè)摧毀經(jīng)濟(jì)、制造混亂的注定因素。(destroy)【答案】That'sasurerecipefordestroyingtheeconomyandcreatingchaos.【鞏固練習(xí)】Chinaisthecountry hespentthebestpartofhislife.Haveyougotanything belongstome?Thisisthemagazine Icopiedtheparagraph.Ididn’tliketheway shetreatedchildren.Heistheonlyoneofthethree gotthenewidea.Theboss departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.Alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.Itwasatourcollegelibrary Iborrowedthenovel.【答案】1.where 2.that 3.fromwhich4.that5.whohas6.inwhose7.withwhom 8.that知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、專題閱讀【例題精講】例1.SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes（原型），ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket，respectively，thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly（組裝）wascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundtotallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytoreachorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.ThathonourwillbelikelytogotoMk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadded.StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextcoupleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplanstobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsfromnow.TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.LikemostofMusk'splans,theseconstructionschedulesarequiteambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.Butthecompanyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.TheMk1andMk2StarshipsareequippedwiththreeofSpaceX’snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.AtpresentSpaceXisbuildingoneRaptoreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenSpaceXstartsbuildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthelatest.ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebillionaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundthemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?Itisanimaginarypassenger-carryingvehicle.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.Itisastainless-steelspaceshipunderconstruction.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.ByfourofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.BysixofSpaceXsnext-generationRaptorengines.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?Itwilltakeupto100passengerstospace.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.Ithasbeenunderconstructionforaboutoneyear.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?TheprojectofSpaceXispromising.Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.Morefinancialsupportisdesperatelyneeded.【答案】BDDA【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了SpaceX很快就會(huì)擁有一整支閃亮的銀色星際飛船原型艦隊(duì)，ElonMusk在他的年度報(bào)告中分別介紹了該公司為幫助開拓火星而建造的星際飛船和超重型，以及可重復(fù)使用的宇宙飛船和火箭。文章詳細(xì)介紹了星際飛船系列飛船的計(jì)劃和配置情況。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中日onMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassemblywascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk's12卜可知ElonMusk在他的年度報(bào)告中分別介紹了該公司為幫助開拓火星而建造星際飛船和超重型，以及可重復(fù)使用的宇宙飛船和火箭。發(fā)布會(huì)在SpaceX公司的南德克薩斯基地舉行，展示了165英尺高的星際飛船Mkl，這是第一艘全尺寸的星際飛船原型，它的組裝工作在馬斯克演講前幾天完成。以及第二段中SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.可知馬斯克表示，SpaceX的目標(biāo)是在未來(lái)一兩個(gè)月里，在無(wú)人駕駛的12英里高空試飛不銹鋼Mk1。由此可知，星際飛船Mk1是一艘無(wú)人駕駛可重復(fù)使用的大型宇宙飛船。故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.可知然而，從Mk3開始之后的版本，將由6架猛禽提供動(dòng)力，就像最后一艘投入使用的星際飛船一樣。馬斯克曾表示，這艘飛船最多可以搭載100名乘客。由此可知，SpaceX公司的下一代猛禽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)為Mk5提供動(dòng)力。故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.可知在那之后不久，Mk4將在佛羅里達(dá)州成形——它可能最終成為第一艘環(huán)繞地球的星際飛船。由此可知，與以前的星際飛船相比，Mk4不久就會(huì)進(jìn)入地球軌道。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.可知如果測(cè)試活動(dòng)繼續(xù)順利進(jìn)行，最終的星際飛船可能很快升空。由此可推知，最后一段提到Y(jié)usakuMaezawa的目的是為了表明SpaceX的項(xiàng)目是很有希望的。故選A?！眷柟叹毩?xí)】（A）Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels（剛性太陽(yáng)能電池板）cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite鈣鈦礦）cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Shecofoundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable（可持續(xù)的）developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’scomplex.C.It’sflexible. D.It’sexpensive.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?SkanskaandAdamTargowski.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.SoleilTechnologies.Perovskitepanels.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.【答案】CDDB【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一種新型太陽(yáng)能電池——鈣鈦礦電池板的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和前景。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskitecangoalmostanywhere”可知，鈣鈦礦太陽(yáng)能電池沒有安裝位置的限制，由此可知它具有靈活性，故C項(xiàng)正確。.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter”可知，Malinkiewicz發(fā)明了一種打印鈣鈦礦電池板的方法，就像噴墨打印機(jī)一樣，這類鈣鈦礦電池板特別好用，不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用，由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的鈣鈦礦電池板，故D項(xiàng)正確。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear”可知，一些公司已經(jīng)打算今年在市場(chǎng)上出售鈣鈦礦電池板了，由此可知，很快就能在市場(chǎng)上看到鈣鈦礦電池板，故D項(xiàng)正確。.主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(鈣鈦礦)cangoalmostanywhere”可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型太陽(yáng)能電池——鈣鈦礦電池板的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和前景，由此可知本文的目的就是介紹鈣鈦礦電池板，故B項(xiàng)正確。(B)WanderingtheBritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpreciousobjectsarethingsthatwereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast.OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thousandsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewthemaway.FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife.ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.Single-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteightmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroceanseveryyear.AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamartistGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfibers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativeandpracticalwaytogivethissingle-usematerialasecondlife.CommunitiesacrossthePacificareworkingtogethertofighttheproblemthroughrepurposingthrown—awayitemsandbanningsomesingle-useplasticitems.However,theselocalresponsescanbynomeansreducethescaleoftheproblem.Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.IftherubbishfromStapleHowecanhelpusbuildstoriesanddetailsofpeoplelivinginancientBritain,whatcantoday’splasticrubbishtellusaboutourselves?WhyarethedesertedobjectsinStapleHowevaluable?A.Theywerecreatedbyhand. B.Theywerebeautifullydecorated.C.Theyconsistofpreciousmaterials. D.Theybearinformationoflifeinthepast.InwhichwaydidGuerrerochangethetraditionalfishingbasket?A.Material. B.Technique.C.Color.D.Wrapping.C.Color.Theexhibition,Disposable? .isdisplayedintworoomsisheldbyPacificcommunitiesdisplaysbothancientandmodemitemsshowsStapleHowe’sinfluenceonPacificcommunitiesWhatdoesthewritersuggestabouttheplasticcrisis?Leavingittoindividuals.Holdinginternationalconcerts.LocalresponsesfromStapleHowe.Aunitedeffortbyglobalgovernments.【答案】DACD【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了大英博物館3號(hào)房間的一次性？展覽所展示的展品及其意義和反映的問題。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife."可知，從斯特普爾豪斯的廢棄物中我們了解到它的居民是充滿智慧的：一個(gè)破碎的罐子被回收用來(lái)制作一個(gè)紡錘輪，一把剃刀被磨快來(lái)延長(zhǎng)它的使用壽命，由此可知，斯特普爾豪斯被遺棄的物品有價(jià)值是因?yàn)樗鼈兂休d了過去生活的信息（從它們我們能夠了解過去人們生活的一些情況），故D項(xiàng)正確。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.”可知，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，關(guān)島的捕魚籃都是用椰葉做的，但格雷羅在這里使用的是當(dāng)?shù)睾┥习l(fā)現(xiàn)的塑料包裝，也就是說(shuō)格雷羅通過改變制作材料改變了傳統(tǒng)的捕魚籃，故A項(xiàng)正確。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?exhibitsagroupofobjects:findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.”可知，一次性？展覽展出了在斯特普爾豪斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的、公元前700年到公元前450年之間的人類定居點(diǎn)的一組廢棄物品；再根據(jù)第三段中的“ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.”可知，一次性？展覽的后半部分展示現(xiàn)代垃圾對(duì)太平洋島國(guó)居民的影響，由此可知，一次性？展覽展示了古代和現(xiàn)代物品，故C項(xiàng)正確。A.whom B.who C.which D.thatA.whom B.who C.which D.that.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.”可知，作者認(rèn)為解決塑料危機(jī)不能只靠個(gè)人和社區(qū)，需要全球各國(guó)政府共同努力，故D項(xiàng)正確。課堂訓(xùn)練：練習(xí)1.Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.where C.whatD.inwhich.Doyouknowtheman ?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo D.thatIspoke.Thisisthehotel lastmonth.A.whichtheystayed B.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedat D.wheretheystayed.Doyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.which B.thatC.whenD.onwhich.Thatistheday I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when.Thefactory we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory weareworkingsincethen.A.whereB.thatC.which D.there.Thisisoneofthebestfilms .A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked.Canyoulendmethebook theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalked B.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalked D.thatyoutalked.Thepen heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof satasmallboy..Theengineer myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.whichwanttousethesamedictionary wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish, weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing, totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.Iwentwith B.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike asyouread.A.thenovels B.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whom D.what【答案】1-5ACDCA6-10CAAAA11-15CDDAD16-20DBBCB練習(xí)2Recently,re