中考英語閱讀理解題材Topic11世界與環(huán)境

TopicElevenTheWorldandTheEnvironment世界與環(huán)境話說中考本話題是談論世界與環(huán)境問題。世界與環(huán)境相互依存，但是近年來人們?yōu)榱俗陨淼陌l(fā)展，破壞了環(huán)境，環(huán)境問題日益突出。中考閱讀理解對本話題考查是通過閱讀小短文理解大意，從短文中歸納、分析出環(huán)境與世界的關系，以及了解環(huán)境對世界的重要性和作用。目的是培養(yǎng)學生的環(huán)境意識，提高學生對環(huán)境問題的認識。這就要求學生在日常生活中重視環(huán)境問題，養(yǎng)成熱愛環(huán)境、保護環(huán)境的好習慣。走進中考（福州?2010）CuttheCarbonFootprintEverythingyoudoleavesa"carbonfootprint”碳足跡）.Forexample,whenyoutravelinataxi,thecargivesoff（排放）CO2intotheair.CO2isagreenhousegas.GreenhousegasesmaketheearthbecomewarmToprotectourenvironment,weneedtoleavelessofa"carbonfootprint”Howbigisyourcarbonfootprint?Togetanidea,takealookatthefollowingnumbers.LivingareasTVsetsandDVDplayersproduce723kgofCOayear.Ifyouturnthemoffwhenyou,renotungthem,youcancutthatnumberby108kg.Laundryroom（洗衣房）DryingclothesinadryerproducesalotofCQ.Ifyouuseyourdryerfivetimesperweek,youproduce185kgofCO2peryear.Dryyourclothesinthesuninstead.BathroomIfyoutakeaneight-minuteshowereveryday,youproduce616kgofCO2ayear.Ifyouonlyusesixminutestotakeashower,youcancutthatnumberby154kgayear.根據短文內容，判斷正誤。正確用“T”表示，錯誤用“F”表示。）1.CO2isagreenhousegasthatcanmaketheearthwarm）2.WatchingTVandtravelinginataxicanproducelittleCQ.用心愛心專心

)3.Ifweuseadryerfivetimesperweek,weproduce154kgofCO2peryear.)4.Ifwespendlesstimetakingashower,wecancutthenumberofCQ.)5.Thelessofa"carbonfootprint"weleavethebetterourenvironmentwillbecome.解析T根據第一段第三句和第四句話可知CO2是一種能使地球變暖的溫室氣體。F根據“TVsetsandDVDplayersproduce723kgofCO2ayear.”和文章標題，可知看電視和開車能產生很多co2,不是幾乎不產生。所以此句的表述是錯誤的。F根據“1￡youuseyourdryerfivetimesperweek,youproduce185kgofCO2peryear.”可以判斷此句是錯誤的。T根據每天洗澡8分鐘和每天洗澡6分鐘產生的二氧化氮的對比說明，時間越短，產生的二氧化碳就相對越少，所以此句的表述是正確的。T根據“1。protectourenvironment,weneedtoleavelessofa,carbonfootprint'"，可知此句正確。話題專練June5thisWorldEnvironmentDay.Thismakesuspaymoreattentiontoour|environment.WhenWangBoxuan,aBeijinghighschoolboy,usesuphisexercisebooks,hedoesnotthrowthemaway.Eachoneiskeptathisschoolwithhundredsofexercisebooksthataregivenbyotherstudents.ThentheyaresoldtoaBeijingpapermakingfactoryThepaperisrecycledandusedagainbystudentsandteachersintheschool.Atthesametime,themoneythatismadefromthesalesgoestoschoolsinInnerMongolia(內蒙古).Thegovernmentthereusesthemoneytoplantmoretreesandgrass.Thisplaceisoneofthesources(源頭)ofthesandstorms(沙塵暴)thatoftenattackBeijingduringspringtime.Wang,sschoolisoneoftheschoolsinthecapitalthattakepartinthe"greenpromise"environmentalprotectionactivity.Sofar,nearly210000studentshavetakenpartintheactivity,collectingmorethan87tonsofwastepaper.用心愛心專心

根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1.WangBoxuanandhisschoolmateswasteexercisebooks.throwawaykeepandsellcutupgiveaway()2.Themoneymadefromthesalesisusedto.A.buynewexercisebooksB.helppoorstudentsC.planttreesandgrassD.bekept()3.Fromthethirdparagraph,wecanknowthat.A.manyyearsfromnow,studentswillhavenoexercisebookstouseB.manyyearsfromnow,therewillbenowastepaperC.manyyearsfromnow,thesandstormswillbelessseriousinBeijingD.manyyearsfromnow,Beijingwillbemuchdirtier()4.WorldEnvironmentDayison.A.六月十五號B.A.六月十五號B.七月十五號C.六月五號D.七月五號()5.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Thepaperisrecycledandusedagainbystudentsandteachersintheschool.B.Sofar,allstudentshavetakenpartintheactivit,ycollectingmorethan87tonsofwastepaper.C.Atthesametime,themoneythatismadefromthesalesgoestoschoolsinBeijing.D.Eachoneiskeptathisschoolwithfewexercisebooksthataregivenbyotherstudents.答案：B細節(jié)判斷題。根據第一段段意可知“存著賣掉"（廢紙）。C由第二段第三句可知這些錢用來植樹、種草。C根據第二段最后一句可推出“許多年以后，沙塵暴現象將會得到緩解”。用心愛心專心

CJune5th為六月五號。A可用排除法。根據短文內容可知只有A正確。TwomagazinesrecentlylistedthebestcitiestoliveinHerearetwoofthecitieslistedas“theworld,sbest”.SANJOSE,COSTARICA.Thecityhascomfortableweatherallyearround(15℃to26℃).HousingisnotveryexpensiveinSanJose.Also,manyofthecity,solderneighborhoodsareverybeautifulandhavesmallhotelsandcafes(咖啡館).Beautifulmountainsarearoundthecity.YoucanvisitthemeasilyfromSaJose.SolotsofpeoplegosightseeingthereeveryyearButairpollutionisaprobleminthecitycenter.HONGKONG,CHINAThislivelycity—onceasmallfishingvillage—istodayaninternationalbusinesscenter.ItisaninterestingmixofEastandWestoldandnew.Moderntallbuildingsarenexttosmalltemples(廟宇).Popularnightclubsareclosetotraditionalteahouses.Busypeoplefillthestreetsatallhoursoftheday.ButoutsidethecitythereareparksforwalkingorrelaxingHongKongisfamousforitswonderfulnativedishes.There,salsofoodfromEurope,NorthAmerica,andotherpartsofAsia.However,thissmallcityhasalargepopulation.NearlysevenmillionpeopleliveinHongKong!That,swhyhousingisoftenveryexpensive.Trafficandairpollutionarealsoproblems.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaboutSanJose?A.Theweather.B.Themountains.C.Theair.D.Thetraffic.()2.ThewriterthinkshousinginHongKongisexpensivebecauseA.itwasasmallfishingvillage用心愛心專心

itisamixofEastandWestitisfamousforitswonderfulfoodtherearetoomanypeopleinthecity()3.whatdothetwocitieshaveincommon有共同之處)？Theybothhavebeautifulmountains.Theybothhavealargepopulation.C.Airpollutionisaprobleminboth.D.Theyarebothcrowded.)4.arearoundthecityofSANJOSE.A.SmallhotelsB.SmallcafesC.BeautifulmountainsD.Olderneighborhoods()5.NearlypeopleliveinHongKong!A.70000B.700000C.7000000D.70000000答案：D縱觀第二段對城市SANJOSE的介紹，只有D沒有提到。D根據倒數第一段倒數二、三句可知原因是人多。C由于第二段和第三段最后一句都提到了airpollution,故這是它們的共同之處。C根據第二段第四句Beautifulmountainsarearoundthecity.可知。C由于sevenmillion為七百萬，故答案為C。Ican,trememberwhenIstartedcollectinglitter(垃圾).ButitwaswhenIgottiredofseeinglitternearmyhomeandrealizedthatnooneelsewasgoingtopickitup.IliveclosetoaforestinOhio,America.Icanwalkthereinthreeminutes!Iusedtolovegoingtheretoplaywithmydog.ButonedaytherewassomuchlittertherethatIbecameveryunhappy.Idecidedtocleanuptheforest.Iwantedtofeelhappygoingthereagain.Imademyfirsttriptocleantheforestthatafternoon.Itookabigblackrubbish用心愛心專心bagwithmeTenminutesafterstartingtopickuplittermybagwasfull!Ithadcans,bottles，brokenglassandnewspapersinit.Sincethatfirsttripthreeyearsago,I,vegonetotheforestfourtimesayeartopickuplitter.I,moftenthereforthreehours.Itmakesmefeelgreattodosomethingfortheenvironment.Aftereachtrip,IlookatallthelitterI,vefound.Ifanyofitisrecyclable3回收的)，Ikeepit.Ican,tunderstandwhypeopledroplitter.ButIwillkeeppickingitupuntiltheystopdroppingit.IknowIcanonlydoasmallbittohelptheearth,butIstillthinkitisimportant.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Whendidthewriterbegintocollectlitter?A.Whenhewasveryyoung.B.Afterhishomemovedtoanewplace.C.Whenherealizednooneelsewasgoingtopickitup.DAfterheleftschool.()2.Thewriterlives.A.inaforestB.nearaforestC.farawayfromaforestD.inaplacewithmuchlitter()3.Thewritercollectslitter.A.inordertomakemoneyB.inordertomakefunC.inordertogetaprizeD.inordertomaketheplaceclean()4.Thewritercollectslitter.A.intheforestB.inthestreetC.inthepark用心愛心專心D.intheschool（）5.Fromthepassageweinfer（推斷）.thewriterwillgooncollectinglittertheenvironmentwillbemorebeautifulifeveryonetrieshisbesttoprotectitthewriteralwayscollectsalotoflitterthewriterthinkshedoesagreatthing答案：C根據第一段第二句可判斷。B由第二段開頭一句"IliveclosetoaforestinOhio,America.”可知，其中close意為neatoD根據第二段最后兩句可知他撿拾垃圾是為了使那個地方保持干凈。A縱觀全文可知是在森林。B由于這里是問能推斷出什么，選項A和D都在文中提及，故不用推斷。C項說法不符文意。四Thinkofallthethingsyouthrowaway：juicebottles,sodacans,candycovers.It]addsup.Howmuchrubbishdoyouproduce?Americansthrowawayabout1tonofrubbish|perpersoneveryyear.That,s2000poundsofrubbish!Mostoftherubbishgetscoveredinbigholesintheroundcalledlandfills（垃圾掩埋法）.Alotofthisrubbishcanberecycled,orturnedbacktosomethinguseful.Themainthingswerecycletodayaremadefrommetal,paper.Peoplerecycleformanyreasons.Oneofthemainreasonsistoprotectresources（資源）.Makingnewcansoutofoldonesmeanslessaluminum（鋁）isneededfornewcans.Thisleadstoasecondreasonpeoplerecycleitsavesenergy.Recyclingoldaluminumcanstakemuchlessenergythanmakingnewaluminum.Tomakenewaluminum,youneedtominemetalore礦石）fromtheground,removeit,andrefineit,into用心愛心專心afinishedmetal.Recyclingalsoprotectsvaluableland.Byrecycling,weproducelessrubbish.Thatmeansfewerlandfillsareneededfordroppingourrubbish.Becausemetalsaresomewhatcostlytomake,theyaretheworld,smostrecycledmaterials.Abouttwo-thirdsofallsteel(車鋼)isrecycled.AlmostalldrinkcansaremadeofaluminumAmericansrecycleaboutone-thirdoftheirusedaluminumcans.Emptycansaresenttospecialfactories.There,theyarecleaned,melted,andmadeintonewpiecesofaluminum.Americansuselotsofpaper—mostlyintheformofnewspapers,magazines,andcardboardboxes.Infact,papertakesupmorespaceinlandfillsthananyothermaterial.OldpapercanbecutandmadeareintonewpaperAmericansrecyclealittlemorethanone-thirdoftheirpaperrubbishNewpapersaremadefromtreeseachtonofrecycledpapersavesabout17trees!根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassagein.A.asciencebookaChinesebookahistorybookageographybook)2.Theunderlinedword"recycle"inthesecondparagraphmeansA.銷毀 Br收集 Cr熔化 Dr回收利用)3.Whydopeoplerecyclerubbish?Toprotectresourcesbecauseit,shardtomakenewresources.Itcansaveenergy,becausetheresourcesarelimited(有限).C.Toprotectvaluableland,becausethereisnoplacetoburyrubbish.D.Toprotectresources,saveenergyandprotectvaluableland.()4.Whichoneisright?Peoplerecyclepaperfromthetrees.Paperstakeuplessspaceinthelandfills.用心愛心專心

Americansrecyclealittlemorethan1/3oftheirpaperrubbish.Torecyclepapercan,tprotecttheirenvironment.)5.Themainideaofthepassageis.ToletusknowitisabigjobdealwithrubbishToexplainthereasonsforrubbishrecycle.Todescribeknowtorecyclemetal,paper.D.Toexplainhowtorecyclerubbishandwhytodoso.答案：A本題為綜合理解題，通讀本短文可知本文為一科普知識類的文章，可能在科普類書籍上看到，故應選A。D本題為單詞理解題，讀短文可知，本文主要分析了垃圾回收再利用的原因；再由關鍵句“Themainthingswerecycletodayaremadefrommetal,paper."可知recycle意思應為“回收利用”之意，故本題只能選D。D由短文的第三、四、五段可知，垃圾回收再利用的原因主要有三個，故可知，選項A、B、C所述的原因不全面，故應選D。C本題為綜合理解題，我們可以用排除法，再由關鍵句“Americansrecyclealittlemorethanone-thirdoftheirpaperrubbish.”可知本題應選C。B本題為綜合理解題，我們可以用排除法，從而可以確定僅有選項B(解釋垃圾回收利用的原因。)是正確的。About97percentofthespaceWhowouldguessthatthosebluegreenwaveshideaworldofwonderanddangerfarbelow，About97percentofthespaceSunlightcannotreachthere,soplantscannotgrow.Yet10millionkindsofseaanimalsliveunderthewaves.Thereyouwillfindsomeoftheearth'smoststrangecreatures.Theseacoversmorethan70percentoftheearth.forlivingthingsisthere,too.Atitsdeepest,itgoesmorethan11000metres(6.9miles)down.Whyhaslessthan5percentofthisamazingworldbeenexplored?Becauseittakes用心愛心專心

morethancouragetoexploretheoceans.Italsotakesmoney.Onlywithveryexpensivetoolscanwedealwiththedangerofthesea.Butnowseveralcountriesareexploringtheoceansmorethaneverbefore.根據短文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)。()1.Manyplantsaregrowinginthedeepocean.()2.1000000kindsofanimalsliveunderthewaves.)3.5%oftheworldofdeepoceanshasbeenexploredsofar.)4.Thecorrectmeaningforthephrase"underthewaves"is"underthesea”.)5.Peoplehaveneverexploredtheoceansbefore.答案：F由文中“Sunlightcannotreachthere,soplantscannotgrow.”可知。F由10million為一千萬可知錯誤。F由最后一段Whyhaslessthan5percentofthisamazingworldbeenexplored?”可知。T詞義理解題。這里意思是指“海底的”F由前面提到已開發(fā)lessthan5%以及最后一句?？芍藗儾⒉皇菑膩頉]有開發(fā)。六JaneGoodallfirstmadefriendswithachimp(黑猩猩)whenshewasoneyearoldOn]herfirstbirthdayhermothercarriedhertothezoonearherhomeandboughtheratoychimp.Shelovedherfurry(毛絨的)friendverymuch.Atage7,JaneGooddallreadDr.Doolittle,abookaboutadoctorwhocouldtalktoanimals.Shewantedtobeabletotalktoherfavoriteanimal,too.SheexpectedtogotoAfricasomedaysothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutchimps.WhenJanegrewup,shestilldreamedofgoingtoAfrica.Shegotherwishwhenshewas26yearsoldShewenttoGombeNationalParkwheremanychimpslivedintheforests.Janewatchedthechimpscloselydayafterday.Shesawthattheywerealotlikepeople.Theycouldthinkandmakeplan.sTheyusedtools.Theyshowedtheirfear,pain,orpleasure.Sometimes,theyfought.Often,theyhugged(擁抱)andkissed.-10-用心愛心專心-10-ScientistsweresurprisedbywhatJanesaw.Theyknewthattherelationbetweenchimpsandhumanswastheclosest.However,theydidnotknowtheyactedsomuchlikeus.Janestillhasthetoychimpshewasgivenasachild.Shehasstudiedherfurryfriendsforover30years.Now,shespeaksforthemtogroupsaroundtheworld.Shehopesthatwhatshehastosaywillmakeothersdosomethingtoprotectchimpsfrombeinghurt.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。()1.WhenJanewas7,shewanted.toreadDr.Doolittleagaintotalktoanimals,tootobuyanothertoychimpD.tomeetadoctoratonce)2.JanewenttoGombeNationalParkto.A.haveatripthereB.trainababychimpC.learnmoreaboutchimpsD.protectthechimpsthere)3.Thescientistsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthat.A.thechimpscouldactsomuchlikehumansB.JanehadbeeninAfricaforsuchalongtimeC.JanewatchedthechimpscloselydayafterdayD.Janestillhadthetoychimpshewasgivenasachild)4.Janespeaksforchimpstogroupsaroundtheworldto.helpthescientistslearnmoreaboutchimpsB.studyherfurryfriendsinsomeothercountriesC.makemorepeopledosomethingtoprotectchimpsD.letpeopleknowthatchimpsarelovelyanimals()5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.A.Janefoundmoreaboutchimpsthanthescientistsdid-11-用心愛心專心

-11-JanedreamedofgoingtoAfricawhenshewas26JanecouldtalktochimpswiththehelpofthescientistsJaneknewnothingaboutchimpsbeforegoingtoAfrica答案：B由文中第一段“Shewantedtobeabletotalktoherfavoriteanimal,too.”可知。C根據下文可知她去的目的是進一步了解黑猩猩。A根據第三段可推出是對黑猩猩行為舉止與人如此相似感到驚奇。C由文中最后一句句意可知。A根據倒數第二段可知她了解的比科學家們還要多。七1970wastheWorldConservation（保護）Year.TheUnitedNationswantedeveryonetoknowthattheworldisindangerTheyhopedthatgovernmentswouldactquicklyinordertoconservenature.Hereisanexampleoftheproblems.Atonetimetherewere1300differentplants,treesandflowersinHolland,butnowonly860left.Theothershavebeendestroyed]bymodernmanandhistechnology.Wearechangingtheearth,theair,thewater,andeverythingthatgrowsandlives.Wecan,tlivewithoutthesethingsIfwegoonlikethis,weshalldestroyourselves.Whatwillhappeninthefuture?Perhapsitismoreimportanttoask“Whatmustwedonow?”ThepeoplewhowillbelivingintheworldoftomorrowaretheyoungpeopletodayAlotofthemknowthatconservationisnecessary.Manyarehelpingsaveourworld.Theyplanttrees,protectwildanimals,andsoon.InasmalltownintheUnitedStatesalargegroupofgirlscleanedthe11-kilometer-longbanksoftheriverYoungpeoplemayhearaboutconservationthrougharecordcalled"NOONEISGOINGTOCHANGEOURWORLD".ItwasmadebytheScatles,CliffRichardandothersingersThemoneyfromitwillhelptoconservewildanimals.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。用心愛心專心 -12-()1.FromthepassageweknowthatthereareinHollandnow.moretreesmoreflowersfewerplantsfeweranimals)2.Thispassageismainlyaboutconserving.A.manB.natureC.wildanimalsD.wildplants)3.What,sthemeaningofthesentence“Ifwegoonlikethis,weshalldestroyourselves"?Wecan,tliveontheearthsomeday.Wecan,tseeplants.Wecan,tseeanimals.Ourlifewillbehard.)4.Themoneyfromarecordwillhelptoconserve.A.wildanimalsB.plantsC.natureD.man)5.Whichisnotmentionedinthepassage?Plantingtrees.Protectingwildanimals.C.Cleaningthebanks.D.Collectingwastepaperforrecycling.答案：C根據“人｛onetimetherewere1300differentplants,treesandflowersinHolland,butnowonly860left.”可知。B縱觀全文，既提到植物又說到動物，故是保護自然界。-13--13-A由此句上句“wecan'tlivewithoutthesethings.”可知“我們某天將不能在地球上生存”。A根據短文最后一句可知是保護野生動物。D縱觀全文可知只有收集廢紙循環(huán)利用沒有提及。八TheU.N.ClimateChangeconferenceopenedinCopenhagen,DenmarkMonday.Morethan15000officialsfrom192countriesattendedtheCopenhagenClimateChangeConferencefromMondaytoDecember18th.Itisreportedthatitwasthelastbestchanceforanagreementtocombatglobalwarming.Theirtaskistofindcommonground,includingonreduction（減少）ofgreenhousegasemissions排放），promotionandtransferofnewmoreeco-friendlytechnologyandthenecessaryfundingtomakethispossible,especiallyforthelessdevelopedandpoorernations.Italsomeanscomingupwithlongtermvision（設想）andcooperationforthefuture.TheCopenhagenconferencewastocomeupwithabindingagreementtosucceedthe1997KyotoProtocol《京都議定書》whichmandatedemissionscuts.Butasweknow,itwasnotsignedbysomeoftheworld,sbiggestpollutersincludingtheUnitedStates.Kyotoendsin2012.ButmanysayapoliticalframeworkismorelikelyatCopenhagen,withabindingaccordtobeworkedoutpossiblynextyear.Denmark,sPrimeMinisterLarsLokkeRasmussenremindeddelegatesthetimetoactisnowandforeveryone."Globalwarmingknowsnoborders,itdoesnotdiscriminate（區(qū)別）.Itaffectsusallandweareheretodaybecauseweareallcommittedtotakeaction“hesaidTheprimeministersaidhebelievesadealispossible.Delegateshavejustoveraweektoprovehimright—beforemorethan100headsofstateandgovernmentcomehere.Conferenceorganizershopethey,llhaveadealonthetableforsigning.根據短文內容，選擇最佳答案。（）1.TheCopenhagenClimateChangeConferencewasfromMondaytoNovember16th-14-用心愛心專心-14-December18thDecember16thNextMonday)2.TheCopenhagenClimateChangeConferenceanagreementtocombatglobalwarming.wasthelastchanceforhadthemostcountriestocomeupwithhascomeupwithwasthelastbestchancefor)3.ThetaskoftheU.N.ClimateChangeconferenceis.A.toreduce