北約新興與顛覆性技術(shù)咨詢小組-2020年度報(bào)告（英文）-2021.3正式版-WN4

NATO

ADVISORYGROUP

ONEMERGING

ANDDISRUPTIVE

TECHNOLOGIES

ANNUALREPORT

2020

Contents

Foreword

4

NATOandinnovationinanageofEDTs

6

ChapterI:Overarchingrecommendations

8

ChapterII:PathwaystomakeNATOanEmerging

12

andDisruptiveTechnologiesreadyorganisation

MembersoftheNATOAdvisoryGrouponEmerging

22

andDisruptiveTechnologies2020-2022

3

Foreword

TheadoptionofemerginganddisruptivetechnologiesrequiresNATOtooperateatapaceofrelevancethatmatchesthedynamictechnologylandscapethatsurroundsitandtocooperatewithavarietyofnon-traditionalactorstoachievethis.ThesuccessofsuchanambitiousprocessisbuiltuponAlliedbestpractices,innovativethinkingandhonestandcriticaldiscussionsoncurrentprocedures.

InJuly2020,theNATOSecretaryGeneralJensStoltenbergannouncedthecreationofanAdvisoryGrouponEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologies(EDTs).Composedof12expertsfromtheprivatesectorandacademia,thegroupprovidesadvicetoNATO’sinnovationeffortsandchallengesexistingapproacheswhenitcomestotheadoptionofnewtechnologies.ThetwelveexpertsfromacrosstheAlliancehaveledcutting-edgeresearch,drivenpolicydevelopmentsonemergingtechnologiesandhavebeenresponsibleforthedeliveryofinnovationprogrammesintheirrespectivedomains.

OurprincipalaimistoprovideAlliesandNATOwithrecommendationsonhowtotakeactionintheadoptionofnewtechnologiesconsideringbothlong-termgoalsandconcretestepsthatcouldbetakeninmonthsratherthanyears.Thisannualreportsetsoutinitialreflectionscollectedoverthelastmonthsof2020andtheGroupislookingatfurtherdevelopingtheseinthemonthsahead.Thereportopenswithascene-setteronNATOandinnovationinanageofEDTs,proceedswithoutliningoverarchingrecommendationsandthenlooksatfourcross-cuttingworkstrandstomaketheAlliancemoreadaptable.WeclosethisreportwithabiographicalpresentationofthetwelvemembersoftheAdvisoryGroup.

Wewishyouapleasantread.

ProfessorDeephChana

ChairpersonoftheNATOAdvisoryGrouponEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologies

4 5

NATOandinnovationinanageofEDTs

Policyanddiplomacyarekeytotriggerandsustaininnovation

initiativesandprocesses.

NATOshouldactasaconveningvoice,encouragingcollaborationandcreatingsynergies.Wherenecessary,instruments,mechanismsandfacilitiestoaidthedevelopmentofpublic-privateco-developmentandinvestmentshouldbeestablished.

Theseshouldincludetestingfacilitiesandagreementsthatenablerapidjointprototyping,spiraldevelopment,integrationandacquisition.

Buildingonitsfoundingprinciples,NATOisexceptionallywellplacedtobeaglobaldriverofavalues-basedinnovationagenda.Tothisend,NATOwillneedtotakeamoreactiveroleasaninfluencerandparticipantinAlliedinnovationecosystemsbyfinancingfundamentalresearchanddevelopmentaswellasbyfacilitatingthetestingandintegrationofnewapplicationsinAlliedoperationalenvironments.

Asanorganisationfocusedonglobalsecurityandstability,

NATOshouldaimatensuringthatthedevelopmentand

theuseofemerginganddisruptivetechnologiessustains

peace and prosperity, in full alignment with the

UniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandthe

UN’sSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

7

ChapterI

Overarchingrecommendations

Initsfirstrecommendations,theAdvisoryGrouphighlightedfivekeyareasofimportancetothewiderAllianceeffortswhenconsideringthedevelopmentandadoptionofEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologies(EDTs).Importantly,theGroupresistedfocussingsolelyontechnicalconsiderations,butdelivereditsoutputsbyconsideringthesocietalcontextswithinwhichEDTsexistandhowNATOmightmaintainrelevanceandpacewithinthisenvironment:

Keyscienceandtechnologydomains

TheGroupidentifiedthefollowinghigh-priorityinterrelatedscienceandtechnologydomainsofdirectinteresttotheAlliance.1

AdvancesinMachineLearningandArtificialintelligence:Encompassingthedevelopmentofthetechnologyitselfandadvancesinitsapplication,thisdomainconcernsthepotentialimpactofinnovationssuchasneuromorphiccomputing,generativeadversarialneuralnetworksandtheabilitytorevealunexpectedinsightsfromdatathathasbeengatheredorisyettobegathered.

Harnessingthequantumscale:Thereisanongoingtranslationofknowledgegainedfrom

thestudyofquantumprocessestouseable

Thisisnotanexhaustivelistandisnotorderedintermsofrelativeimportance.

quantumenabledtechnologiesincludingquantumcomputing,quantumsensingaswellasquantumcryptographicsystemsandthemanipulation/developmentofmaterialatthequantumscale.

Datasecurity:Algorithmsandsystemsforsecuringandcompromisingthesecurityofcommunications,datatransactionsanddatastorage;includingquantumproofencryptionmethods,blockchainanddistributedledgerarchitecturesandthefieldofcyber-securityingeneral.

Computingenabledhardware:Developmentsinminiaturisation,powerharvestingandenergystorage.Thisdomainencompassesthephysicalsystemsnecessarytodeliverdigitallyenabledcriticalinfrastructureonaglobalscale(InternetofThings)andthewidespreaduseofrobotics.Thetruescaleofglobaldisruptionthatthesedevelopmentswillbringisyettobefullyrevealed/understood.

Biologicalandsyntheticmaterials:Includingthedesign,synthesisandmanipulationofmaterialsattheatomic/molecularleveltoinnovationsatmesoscopicandmacroscopicscales.Enablersincludebioengineering,chemicalengineering,gene-levelmanipulation,additivemanufacturingandgenerativedesign.

8 9

TheSocio-Technicalcontext

TheGroupforeseesthecontinuedproliferationofcyber-physicalsystems;wherecomputingsystemsdirectlyaffectchangeinthephysicalworldandevolveautonomouslythroughsensinganddata.Advancesinautonomy,theubiquityofhigh-speedcommunicationsandotheradvanceswillrapidlydrivehuman-machineteaming.Theriseincommunicationplatformsandtheimportanceofdatatransactionswillsimultaneouslymotivatecitizenexpectationsconcerningdigitalinclusion/isolationandtheneedsforprotectingpersonaldigitalassets–includingprivatedataandprivatecomputingtools.

TheBattleforResources

Astheglobalpopulationincreases,thestruggleforclassicallydefinedresourcessuchaswater,food,energyandrawmaterialswillcontinuetogrowandheighten.Dataasaresourcewilladdasignificantnewstressdimensiontothesepre-existingdriversofconflict,creatingandreinforcingglobalasymmetriesinopportunityandprosperity.Geographicdatapoolinghasthepotentialtocreatedatapovertyintheworld,datagatheringwithoutrightsandconsenthasthepotentialtocreateoptimalconditionsfordataexploitationandtheinsightsgainedfromdataanalysisriskincreasingdisadvantagewhenitcomestoaccessingmoreconventionalresources.Theseconditionsarelikelytoprecipitatedigitalandphysicalconflictsoverdataanddatasystemsinthefuture–cyber-physicalconflict.

Importantly,Science,Technology,Engineering,MathematicsandBusiness(STEM-B)talentandcompetencewillbethehumanresourceofglobalvalueandkeystrategicimportance.Alliedandpartnercountriesneedtobeshapedtodevelop,attractandretainsuchtalent.

TheemergingtheatreofEDTactivity:Space

SpacewillbethekeytheatreofthefuturewithinwhichNATOmustleadinthedevelopmentofatechnologicallyproliferatedenvironmentthatisdemonstrablydrivenbyvaluesandideals.Primarily,thedomainofSpaceshouldbeviewedasanopportunitytodeliveronitsglobalgoodobjectives(e.g.UNSustainableDevelopmentGoals,NATO2030)ratherthanaplatformforperpetuatingarchaicconflictnarratives.TheopportunityforglobalthoughtleadershipinEDTspresentsitselfandshouldbetaken.

Necessaryorganisationaltraits

NATOwillneedtoembracecertainorganisationaltraitstocapitaliseonandcopewiththedevelopmentsandtrendsoutlinedabove.Importantly,NATOwillhavetocommitfinancialandhumanresourcestothiseffort.TheAlliancewillneedtodevelopitscapabilitytohorizonscaneffectively,experimentatpaceandembracetheideaofcontrolledfailuretoachievegreateragility.NATOwillneedtodevelopontologiesandtaxonomiestostructureEDTknowledgeacrosstheAlliance.Theorganisationwillneedtodevelopinternalcompetenceininnovativetechnologiesandinnovationandactivelyparticipateindevelopingtriple-helixecosystemsinordertooptimallyleveragethebrightestmindsfromindustry,governmentandacademia.Inaddition,NATOwillurgentlyneedtodevelopnovelmeansandmethodsofachievingmodularityandinteroperabilityatpacethroughexperimentation,testing,standardsdevelopmentandbestpractice.

Commoninternationalrulesandregulationsontransfer,useandaccesstodataandtechnologieswillshapealliancesandtrustintheageofdigitization.TheactiveroleofNATOinthediscussiononinternationalpolicywillbekeyforthesecurityandpeaceamongstAllies.

NATOmustestablishitselfasarecognisablethoughtleaderamongstthetechnologyliterate,engagingwithcivilanddefenceapplicationsacrossthepublicandprivatedomains.leadingthemissiontouseEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologiestodefendtheideals,ethicsandnormsoffree,open,tolerantandtransparentsocietiesthatseektoprotecthumandignityanddiversity.EDTsbringtheriskofsignificanterosionoftheseidealsifmisused.

Inthefollowingsection,theAdvisoryGroupprovidedinitialrecommendationsonhowtoachievetheseorganisationaltraits.

10 11

ChapterII

PathwaystomakeNATOanEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologiesreadyorganisation

AclearchallengethatemergesfromtheGroup’sdeliberationsistheneedforNATOtobecomeanorganisationthatisabletoadaptandadoptnewtechnologiesatapacethatisappropriatetotherapidlyevolvingEDTlandscape.InordertoachievethisaimNATOwillhavetoembracetheorganisationaltraitsofagilitywithinacoherentInnovationProgramme,whichinclude:

Wideningofthedistributionoftechnologyliteracythroughouttheorganisation;

EstablishinganefficientnetworkofInnovationCentres–drawingonNATO’sexistinginnovationcapabilities;

Design,facilitationandparticipationinnovel,flexiblefinancingmechanisms,enablingNATOtoembracenotonlyinnovationdrivenbylargecompaniesbut,importantly,byagileanddisruptivetechSMEs;

DevelopmentofanAlliedInnovationEcosystem–creatinginnova-tionpartnershipinitiativeswithexternalEDTstakeholdersfromindustryandacademia.

12 13

Educationandtalentdevelopment

EDTs,bytheirverynature,representacomplexspacethatdecisionmakers,contractors,politiciansanduserswithlimitedtechnicalinsightwillstruggletonavigate.Thispresentsnumerousrisksrelatedtothedue

diligenceoftechnologydevelopmentandadoptionandmotivatestheneedforanorganisation-wideleveloftechnicalliteracytomoveNATOtowardsbeinga‘technologyready’organisation.Themotivationforachievingthisincreaseinorganisationalcompetenceisclearwhenthehighpaceoftechnologydevelopmentandadoptionwithin

andoutsideofNATO’smembershipisconsidered.

NATOmustbeabletomaximisetheopportunitiesnewtechnologiesrepresentthroughthecompetenceandskillsofitspersonnelandtheirunderstandingofhowtousetechnologyeffectivelywithintheirrespectivefields.Itisimportanttonotethatinmostcases,theneedforadeepleveloftechnicalcompetenceisbothunrealisticandunnecessary.Inthegeneralcontextamoreappropriateaimwouldbetoincreasethebaselevelsofawarenessandtechnicalliteracywithinalllevelsoftheorganisation.NATOalreadypossessesadvancedtrainingcentresthatmaybeutilisedtodesignanddeliveranappropriateeducationprogrammetomeetthisneed.

Broadly,theleveloftechnicalliteracyamongAlliedandNATOstaffcouldberaisedbythefollowing:

Developmentofeducationalprogrammesforraisingawarenessonnewtechnologiesamongoperational,technicalorpoliticalstaffthatcanbetailoredfornationalusebyAllies.

OrganisationofeducationaleventsatNATOandinAlliedcountries(informationdays,exhibitions,fairs)dedicatedtoemergingtechnologies.

Inclusionofoperationalscenariosintrainingactivitiestoprovidereal-worldcontextforEDTapplication.

Disseminationofbestpracticesandcurriculafortrainingthetrainersacrosstheorganisation.

Establishingchallengesorhackathonstoactivelyengagenon-specializedNATOorAlliedstaffontechnology-relatedissuesincollaborationwithleadingprivatesectortechnologyspecialistsandtechnologyeducationalinstitutions.

InlargepartthedevelopmentofEDTsisdominatedbySTEM-Bactivitiesintheprivate(civilian)andhighereducationsectors.Furthermore,manyoftheworld’sleadingorganisationswithinthesecategoriesarecontainedwithinNATO’smembershipallowingforthedevelopmentofexternaloutreachactivitiessuchasaprogrammeof“l(fā)earningexpeditions”torelevantindustryoracademiclaboratoriestoaugmentprofessionaleducation.

NATOshouldalsoconsiderthedevelopmentofopportunitiesforformalacademicqualificationsforthoseoutsideandwithintheorganisation.AcompetitiveprogrammeofNATOInnovationScholarshipsorFellowshipsattheMScandPhDlevelsconnectedtopartneracademicinstitutionscouldbereadilyachieved.Thiswouldnotonlyboosttalentwithintheorganisationand

thebroaderpublic-privatecomplex,butalsopromoteNATOasanorganisationgenuinelycommittedtoSTEM.

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Innovationnetworks

KeepingpacewithEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologiesnecessitatesagilityandrapiditerationwithrespecttodevelopmentandexperimentation.Theseaspects,in-turn,formpartofawiderinnovationlifecyclethatincorporatesrequirementselicitation,ideation,technology

translationandtechnologytransfer–movingresearchtoimplementation–involvingtheactiveandpassiveparticipationofnumerousstakeholders.NATOmustexpendeffortsinensuringthatsuchstakeholdernetworksareoptimisedwithrespecttoefficiencyandeffectivenessinordertoaugmentitsaspirationsforpace.

InthisregardNATO’sextantstructuressuchastheNATOIndustrialAdvisoryGroup,thisAdvisoryGroup,theNATOScience&TechnologyOrganization,theNATOCommunicationsandInformationAgency,AlliedCommandTransformationandtheConferenceofNationalArmamentsDirectorsrepresentawealthofexpertise,talentandcapability.Throughthesestructures,theAlliancealreadyhasaccesstocomprehensive,state-of-the-artresourcesinscienceresearch,thedefenceindustryandstrategicforesight.TheseresourcesshouldbeexaminedwithinthecontextoftheirarchitecturalconnectiontoeachotherleadingtoconsiderationofhoweffectiveInnovationNetworksmightbecomposedthroughclustering,forexample.Suchnetworksshouldbewellcoordinatedandhaveastrongfocusonthedevelopmentofutilisableoutputs.

Technologyinnovationisdrivenbytheprivatesector,poweredbytalentandresearchthatemanatesfromworldclassSTEM-Bhighereducationinstitutionsandacademiccentres.GeneratingcloseworkingrelationshipswithsuchentitiesisfundamentaltoNATO’sengagementwiththedomainofnewtechnologies.InordertoachievethisNATO’sneedsmustbeclearlyarticulated.InthisregardNATOshould:

ClearlydevelopandarticulateasetofInnovationMissionStatementsaccompaniedbyperformanceindicatorstohelpnetworksshapeanddirecttheiractivities.

Considertheestablishmentofahigh-levelcross-functionalInnovationWorkingGroupcomposedofNATO’scivilianandmilitaryleadership,externaladvisorsfromtheprivatesectorandrelevantinternationalbodiesinordertodevelopthis.ThisboardwouldservetoprioritizeNATOInnovationMissionsandconcreteprojects.

?Setoutobjectivesforharnessingdual-use,multi-usetechnologydevelopments

–capitalisingonalreadyexistingtechnologyfromotherdomainsanddrivingthedevelopmentofmulti-useoutputs.

BestpracticeintechnologydevelopmentacrossmanyAlliesofteninvolvesacombinationofgovernment,academiaandthecivilianprivatesector.NATOshouldproactivelyengagewiththesepre-existingInnovationCentrestounderstandtheiroperationandassesshowtheymightbeusefullyconnectedtoitsInnovationMissionStatementsandNetworks.

AtminimumthislinkageislikelytogreatlyaugmentNATO’sabilitytoconductandcoordinatepro-activehorizonscanningaswellastoselectoptimaltechnologyoptionsforsolvingspecificproblems.

InordertocurateanetworkofInnovationCentresNATOshould:

SetprioritiesforaffiliatedcentresbasedonNATOneedsandNATO

InnovationMissions.

Collect,assessandprioritizeinnovationconceptsandoutcomesfromtheseexistingCentres.

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Financing

NATO’sstrategyonEDTsmustincludeareviewoffinancingandtherolethatNATOcouldorshouldplayinthisregard.Awell-developedandrelevantsetoffinancingproceduresandinitiativeswillbenecessary

toallowNATOtoplayanactiveandinfluentialroleinanyAlliance-wideEDTinnovationecosystem.

AkeyaspectforconsiderationistheneedforNATOtohavetheabilitytocontractandfundataspeedandpacethatismatchedtotheshortturnaroundtimesthatareessentialforsmalltomediumsizedenterprises(SMEs).SuchentitiesareincreasinglydrivingEDTinnovation,butasprofitcentreswithlimitedcapitaloftheirownengagingwithlongprocurementcycleswithonerousorrigidcontractingprocessesissimplynotfeasible.

AlliesshouldalsorecognisethatfundingfromdefenceandsecurityisviewedascarryingideologicalreputationalriskbymanyandmoreshouldbedonetoexposethediversityofissuesthatNATOengageswithandtopromoteavaluesdrivenapproachtoEDTs.Inparticular,NATOshouldsetoutpublicallyavailableprinciplesofresponsibleuse,whenitcomestotheoperationalizationofnewtechnologiesfordefenceandsecuritytobuildtrustandtransparencywithincivilianinnovationcommunities.

NATOshouldproactivelyuseitssignificantinfluencetodevelopamorevibrantandactiveprivatesectorinvestmentenvironmentfordefenceandsecurityinnovationbyseveralmeansincluding:

Activelypromotingdualandmulti-usetechnologies

ProvidingclearmarketsignalspertainingtoitsEDTinterests

Demonstratingandexposingroutestomarket/applicationforinnovationsofdirectandindirectinterest–includingsolutionsaimedtowardstheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandtheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals

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TheAllianceshouldviewthecontributiontoreducinguncertaintiesandbarrierstofinancingforprivateorpublicinvestorsacrossapplicationdomainsasanimportantstrategicposture.ConnectingsmartdirectinvestmentswiththeleveragingofprivatecapitalandexpertisehasthepotentialtocreateasustainableAlliance-wideinnovationbase,incubatingcreativitytostayatthetechnologyedge.

NATOandAlliesmustalsorecognizethecriticalneedforacontinuous,longertime-basedinvestmentinscienceacrosstheAllianceasthefoundationforlookingbeyondthecurrentlyunderstoodsetofEDTs.TheEDTsoftodayhavebeenbuiltonlong-terminvestmentsinfundamentalscienceandNATOshouldplayaleadingroleinpromotingandmobilizingpatientcapitalinvestmenttosecurerelevanceintechnologyforthefuture.

Anappropriatelydesignedandorchestratedsetofnovelfinancialinstrumentsandprocesseswillcontributegreatlytoachievingthegoalofanagileorganisationthatisgovernedbythespeedofrelevanceratherthanthespeedofapproval.

19

DevelopmentofaNATOinnovationecosystem

forEDTs

AsameansofdrawingtogetherthethreadscoveredinthisreportNATOshouldconsidertheestablishmentofaninnovationecosystemwiththeaimofbetterconnectingandaligningtheEDTinnovationactivitiesofindustry,

governmentandacademiainatriple-helixapproach.

TheecosystemshouldservetoreducefrictioninthetransferenceoffundamentalscientificresearchanddevelopmenttoNATO’sneedswhilstsimultaneouslyaidingthedevelopmentofNATO’sthinkingonrequirements.TheecosystemshouldprovidetheenvironmentwithinwhichNATOcanexercise,developandgrowitscompetenciesinEDTagility;forexample,byembracingandtailoringmodernDevSecOpstechnologydevelopmentpractices.

AsanintegralcomponentofanecosystemmodeltheEDTAdvisoryGroupsuggeststhedesignofanambitiousEDTagencyinthestyleoftheUSDARPAprogrammetocreateaNATOAdvancedTechnologyProjectAgency(NATPA)composedofexistingcapabilitiesandcentresofexcellence.TheAgencywouldbesetupasapublicexecutiveresearchanddevelopmentorganisation,taskedwithmakingpivotalinvestmentsinbreakthroughSTEM-BprojectsforAlliedsecurity.InclosecollaborationwiththeNATOenterpriseandAlliedinnovationentities,thisAgencywouldcoordinateandmanageNATO’sinnovationprocesses.TheAgencywouldissuecallsforproposalstoacademia,thepublicandtheprivatesectorencouragingtheformationoftriple-helixconsortiaactivitiesacrosstheAlliance.TheAgencywouldberesponsibleforplottingpathwaystoimplementationandadoption,harnessingexistingtestingandevaluationfacilitiesandprocessesanddevelopingnewones,whereneeded.NATO’sMilitaryCommitteecouldprovideakeysourceofproblemstatementstobetackledbytheAgency’sprogramme.

NATOshouldalsoseektopromote,participateandestablishtriple-helixcentresamongsttheAlliesandtonetworkthesecentrestoestablishabroad,comprehensive,inclusiveexternalEDTstructure.Centreswithinthisnetworkshouldbecapableofbiddingagainstpublishedcallsandincubatinginnovativeprojectsandstart-upcompanies.ThisecosystemcomponentshouldacttoaugmentNATO’sthoughtleadership,horizonscanning,talentdevelopmentandSTEMeducationcapabilitiesandactivities.

AsafinalecosystemcomponentNATOcouldconsidertheestablishmentofaNATOInvestmentBanktofullysupportbroad-scaleEDTinvestment.AsthefinancialhubforEDTstheBankwouldfulfilnumerousfunctionsincludingfinancinginnovativeprojectsrunbyNAPTAusinginstrumentssuchassubsidies,seedcapital,grantsorprizes.TheBankwouldpossessitsownvalues-basedventurecapitalfundwitharemittoinvestinpromisingsolutions,technologycompaniesandstart-upsacrossapplicationdomains.Assuchitwoulddevelopaportfolioofownershipspanningproductsandsolutions,equity,andintellectualpropertyandwouldbeabletograntlicencesforcommercialisation.InitialfinancialcontributionstosuchaBankwouldbemade

byAllieswithanaspirationthatintimeitshouldbesustainedbyitsinvestmentreturns.TheBank’sgovernancewouldincludeoversightbytheNAC.

Inordertoavoidduplication,cooperationwithEUinitiativesandotherinternationalorganisations,whererelevantandpossible,shouldbeexplored.ConnectionstotheEuropeanInnovationCouncil,theEuropeanDefenceFundandotherdigitalinvestmentprogrammessuchastheDigitalEuropeProgramme,forexample,wouldbe

ofbenefit.

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MembersoftheNATOAdvisoryGrouponEmergingandDisruptiveTechnologies2020-2022

IzabelaAlbrychtisChairof

theleadingPolishthinktank,The

KosciuszkoInstituteandtheEuropean

CybersecurityForum–CYBERSEC

FORUM’sorganizingandprogramme

committee.Formanyyearsnow,she

hasbeeninvolvedinthepublicpolicy

discussionandpolicy-makingprocesses

regardingdigitaltransformationand

Cybersecurity,includingasamember

oftheCouncilforDigitizationwithin

theChancelleryofthePrimeMinister

(theDigitalAffairsdepartment)andthe

ExecutiveBoardinDIGITALEUROPE.

Sheisalsoamemberofsupervisory

boardsincludingofthelargestICT

Polishcompany.

Dr.GaliaAngelovaisProfessorinComputerScienceandDoctorofSciences,DirectoroftheInstitute

ofInformationandCommunicationTechnologies,BulgarianAcademyofSciences.Hermajorfieldsofresearchare:NaturalLanguageProcessing,KnowledgeTechnologiesandArtificialIntelligenceapplications.Shehaspublishedmorethan150scientificpublicationsinjournals,bookchapters,andeditedConferencevolumes.ShewastheCoordinatororPrincipalInvestigatorofmorethan25projectswithinternationalornationalfunding.In2012-2016shecoordinatedtheproject

AComIn

“AdvancedComputingforInnovation”,a3,2MEurograntwiththeEuropeanCommission,FP7Capacity,includedbytheEuropeanCommissioninthebook“

Achievements

ofFP7:examplesthatmakeusproud

”.SheteachesComputationalLinguisticstoMScstudentsinSofiaUniversity“St.KlimentOhridski”andactsasareviewerandevaluatorfortheEuropeanCommissionandotherinstitutions.In2020shetookpartinthedevelopmentoftheBulgarianAIstrategy.

Dr.BrunoBellierisagraduateofEcolePolytechnique;hehasaPhDinpharmaceuticalscience,andamasterinPublicLaw&Administration,bothfromtheUniversityofParis.CurrentlyHeadStrategy&DefenceTechnologiesoftherecentlycreatedFrenchDefenceInnovationAgency,heisinchargeofcoordinatingResearch&Technologypolicyandmanagingupstream

R&Tdefencecontractsaswellasinternationalcooperationandpartnershipswithacademicinstitutionssupportingdefence-orientedresearchandinnovation.Hiscareeralternatedbetweenexpertiseandprojectmanagementactivitiesinhisfieldofspecialty(defenceagainstchemicalandbiologicalagents),R&Tandinnovationstrategyandpolicyinabroaderscope,andinternationaldefencecooperation.

22 23

CeciliaBonefeld-DahlisDirector-GeneralofDIGITALEUROPE,theleadingdigitaltechnologyindustryassociationrepresentingover36,000digitalcompaniesinEurope.ShehasforthelasttwoyearsbeenleadontheEUCommissionshighlevelgroupforAI,sheisamemberoftheStakeholderCybersecurityCertificationGroupof