醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語模擬試卷41

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語模擬試卷41(總分：182.00，做題時間：90分鐘)1.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Heisalwaysfit.B.Hehadappendicitis.√C.Hehasnoproblem.D.Hehasneverbeenill.解析：解析：從女士所說的話中可知，男士最近出了問題(present，男士fit()的狀況也是到現(xiàn)在就不再繼續(xù)(upuntilnow)，并且說到自己小時候因?yàn)閍ppendicitis住過院。因此本題正確答案為B。A.WhetherthedentistteachesattheUniversitywilldecide.B.Whetherthepatientcallsearlyinthemorning.C.Whetheritisanemergencyoraroutinework.√D.Whetheritisthedayforthedentisttohavehispractice.解析：解析：根據(jù)男士說的可以判定，牙醫(yī)首先要看是急診還是常規(guī)就診。如果不是急診的話，就會預(yù)約在兩周后。牙醫(yī)的工作不會決定就診的性質(zhì)。因此本題正確答案為C。A.It'sharmfulforhimtousehisvoice.√B.Heneedstoseeadoctor.C.Heneedstowhisper.D.ThewomanisSam'sdoctor.解析：解析：男士說山姆的聲音聽起來很糟糕，女士回答山姆的嗓子疼，醫(yī)生建議他不要說話，所以說話對他來講是有害健康的。故正確答案為A。A.She'sreallylucky.B.She'sfarbetterthantheothers.√C.She'sgottheothers'support.D.She'sbeenworkinghard.解析：解析：女士：我的成績還不錯，因?yàn)槲疫\(yùn)氣很好。男士：不，你在團(tuán)隊(duì)中是出類拔萃的。由男士的話可知，女士要遠(yuǎn)比別人優(yōu)秀。故答案為B。A.Adviser.B.Computerprogrammer.√C.Productdesigner.D.Computerdesigner.解析：解析：從“writingprograms”可知B正確。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Theman.B.Toolittlesleep.C.Ahat.D.Thesun.√解析：解析：根據(jù)男士所說，女士頭疼需要避免日照，日照太強(qiáng)烈了，他建議女士服用阿司匹林，并用帽子遮陽。A.Shelikestoeatnuts.B.Sheisself-disciplined.C.Shebehavesbadlyatschool.√D.Sheenjoysleavingherparentsinthedark.解析：解析：男士：鮑勃和蘇從來不管教他們的女兒。那孩子真是頑劣。而他們一直都不知道女兒在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)。由此可知，鮑勃和蘇的女兒在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很糟糕。故答案為C。A.Itisdullallthetime.B.Itcomesandgoeseverynowandthen.C.Itisnotalwaysthatbad.D.Itissometimesassharpasaknifeattack.√解析：解析：根據(jù)對話可知，女士說大多數(shù)時候，疼痛比較像痙攣(cramp)，偶爾也有有如刀割般的疼痛。這與D選項(xiàng)描述一致。A.Thewomanwassosillyastowastemuchmoney.B.Itwascostlytohavethemotorcyclefixedinthegarage.C.Billmusthaverepairedthemotorcyclehimself.√D.Therewasaseriousproblemwiththemotorcycle.Bill是自己修的摩托車。aflattire：輪胎沒氣，輪胎破了。故答案為C。A.Sheisreallyangry.√B.Sheforgivestheman.C.Sheisindifferenttoit.D.Shefeelssorryfortheman'sabsence.It'sallverywelltosaythatnow()可知，她很生氣。故答案為A。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Gotoadifferentdoctor.B.Askherdoctorforadifferentmedication.√C.Changeherappointment.D.BuysomeOTCmedicinesonherown.解析：解析：由男士的話可知，女士的過敏癥(allergy)(actupagain)了，女士說醫(yī)生開了藥，但效果不大，所以她打算去找醫(yī)生換藥。因此本題正確答案為B。A.Carsthatdrivethemselvesmaybeveryexpensive.√B.Thewomenwillbeabletobuyanintelligentcar.C.Heisworkingwithacarproduceronintelligentcars.D.Drivingtoworkisreallyaheadache.解析：解析：女士：從家去工作來來回回太累了，要是有智能車就好了。男士：嗯，一些汽車廠家已經(jīng)在故答案選A。A.Ataphysician'soffice.B.Atthepostoffice.C.Atthepediatrician'soffice.D.Atanophthalmologist'soffice.√解析：解析：由對話可知，雙方在談?wù)撆康囊暳栴}。女士陳述了自己的患病時間并告知對方自己的執(zhí)業(yè)，因此本對話最可能發(fā)生在眼科診所或者眼科門診。Ophthalmologist意為“眼科醫(yī)生”，因此本題正確答案為D。A.Mrs.Smithisgoodattheorybutdrivespoorly.√B.Mrs.Smithalwaysgetlostontheroad.C.Mrs.Smithknowslittleaboutrulesanddrivesfast.D.Mrs.Smithdoesn'tknowhowtostopthecar.解析：解析：從“Howintheworlddidyoupassthewrittentestanyway?”可知史密斯夫人駕駛理論還可以，但實(shí)踐能力不行。A.Adelicateart.B.Areligion.√C.Anexactscience.D.Awayoflife.解析：解析：從“Firstofall，itisnotareligion．”可知B項(xiàng)正確。2.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Runningnose.√B.Fever.C.Cough.D.Paininjointsandmuscles.解析：解析：本題用排除法解。女士主訴病情時講到“關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉疼，并且開始呼吸短促”，感覺發(fā)燒，并且有點(diǎn)咳嗽，唯一沒有提到的癥狀是runningnose()。A.Shehaschronicillnessofrespiratorysystem.B.Shehasallthesymptomsofacommoncold.C.Shehaseverbeentosomecrowdedplaces.D.ShecontactedthepersonwhoisdiagnosedofSARS.√解析：解析：本題考查細(xì)節(jié)。女士在回答醫(yī)生問診時，說到自己alwaysbeenfit，因此A選項(xiàng)(呼吸系統(tǒng)慢性疾病)aspirin此。她未曾去過擁擠的地方，但是卻接觸過被診斷為SARS的朋友。所以她的問題為D。A.Gobackhomeandrelax.B.Getexaminedandwait.C.Gethospitalizedandisolated.√D.Gettreatedimmediately.解析：解析：本題考查細(xì)節(jié)。醫(yī)生了解完病情后，告訴她“I’mafraidyouhavetobehospitalizedandbeisolatednow”，即她要立刻入院并隔離檢查。因此正確答案為C。B“做檢查”和D“得以治療”都是在進(jìn)入隔離病房后才能進(jìn)行的。A.SARSisaninfectiousdiseasebutcurable.√B.SARSisaninfectiousdiseaseandincurable.C.ThemanhasbeenidentifiedasSARSforhiscontacthistory.D.ThemancannotbeenidentifiedasSARSbecauseofhissymptom.解析：解析：本題為推理題。根據(jù)醫(yī)生問診可知，有SARS接觸史后并有癥狀出現(xiàn)者，需要進(jìn)行隔離治療，mostconditionyouwillbeallrightafterpropertreatment”可知，SARS是可以治愈的。因此本題正確答案為A。A.Bloodpressureandjointsexamination.B.BloodpressureandX-ray.C.BloodtestandX-ray.√D.Bloodtestandjointsexamination.解析：解析：本題考查細(xì)節(jié)。醫(yī)生要求女士進(jìn)入隔離病房后進(jìn)行血液檢驗(yàn)和X-ray檢查，等到結(jié)果報(bào)告出來后才能進(jìn)行下一步治療，因此本題正確答案為C。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Poor,untrainedwomen.√B.Youngmedicalstudents.C.Wivesofmilitaryofficers.D.Middle-classmenandwomen.nursingwasanunskilledoccupation，takenupbywomenofthelowerclasses，someofwhomwerefromthecharityhouse．”可知當(dāng)時的護(hù)士都來自社會底層。charityhouse慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。A.Medicalmen.B.Upper-classwomen.√C.Professionalnurses.D.Militarycommanders.解析：解析：“Themovementforreformoriginatednotwithdoctors，butamongupper-classwomen”這場變革不是由醫(yī)生，而是上層社會婦女發(fā)起的。由此句話可知答案為B。A.Nursingwasanartthatcouldnotbetaught.B.Additionalmedicalcarefromnurseswasunnecessary.C.Volunteernursesfromtheupperclasswereadequate.D.Educatednurseswouldunderminetheirauthority.√解析：解析：文中提到Plainlythreatenedbytheprospect，theyobjectedthateducatednurseswouldnotdoastheyweretold，可知醫(yī)生們擔(dān)心削弱他們的地位。A.PublichygieneintheUnitedStates.B.FlorenceNightingale:anurse'sstory.C.ThefightfornursingeducationintheUnitedStates.√D.Healthcareinupper-andlower-classneighborhoods.解析：解析：從全篇文章可推知C項(xiàng)“美國護(hù)士為自身教育展開的斗爭”符合題意。A.Bellevuewasahospital.√B.Bellevuewasagovernment.C.Bellevuewasauniversity.D.Bellevuewasawomen'sprison.解析：解析：從“WhenastheywereatBellevueineffortstoinstalltrainednursesonthematernitywards”可推知Bellevuematernitywards產(chǎn)房。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Onealwaysknowswhathismusclesaredoing.B.Oneperformssimpleactionswithoutworking.C.One'smusclesareusedonlytotheextentnecessaryforeachactiontheyperform.√D.Oneimprovesmuscularactionconsciously.解析：解析：文中指出totheexactextentnecessaryforeachactionyouperform可知C項(xiàng)符合。totheextent某種程度。A.Voluntarymuscles.B.Involuntarymuscles.C.Musclesfibers.√D.Sensorynerves.解析：解析：由“Morethanhalfofaperson’sbodyiscomposedofmuscleC為正確答案。A.Becauseshehasmorevoluntarymusclesthananaverageman.B.Becauseshehasonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleforherbodymassasman's.√C.Becauseshehas60to70percentlessmusclesforherbodymass.D.Becauseshehaslessmusclefiberforherbodyweight.解析：解析：由“Womenhaveonly60to70percentasmuchmuscleasmenfortheirbodymass．”可知B為正確答案。A.Theefficiencyofourmuscles.B.Thenormalbreathingfunction.C.Directionourmusclesintelligently.√D.Theworkofonlyourinvoluntarymuscles.解析：解析：由“Thesixthisamuscularsenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently”可知C為正確答案。A.Theycanbecomeshorterandthicker.B.Theycanstretch.C.Theyhavesenselinkingthemusclestothebrain.√D.Theycanretracttotheiroriginalposition.解析：解析：從“Theyhavethreeuniquecharacteristics：theycanbecomeshorterandthicker；theycanstretch；andtheycanretracttotheiroriginalposition．”可知C不是肌肉的特性。3.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：4.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.backsB.necksC.toesD.heels√解析：解析：題干：小偷們在逃竄，其后有當(dāng)?shù)氐木炀o追不舍。onone'sheels是一個固定搭配，意思是“緊隨其后，緊追不舍”。其他各項(xiàng)都沒有這種用法。因此，應(yīng)該選擇D。5.Afriendshipmaybedeep,lasting,or______,casualandsituational.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.criticalB.identicalC.superficial√D.original解析：解析：題干：友誼可以是深厚而持久的，也可以是膚淺、偶然的。critical“吹毛求疵的”；or連接兩個意思相反的詞，所以選前文deepC正確。6.TheheadoftheMuseumwas______andletusactuallyexaminetheancientmanuscripts.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.promisingB.agreeingC.pleasingD.obliging√obliging表示“熱心助人的，親切的”，此含義正好符合句意。promising表示“有希望的，有前途的”，pleasing表示“令人愉快的”，都不符合句意。agree的形容詞是agreeable，含義與pleasing相同，沒有agreeing這種形式的形容詞。7.Itisbelievedthatchildrenoftwoorthreeyearsoldareabletolearnanylanguageiftheyare_____it.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.involvedinB.indulgedinC.disposedtoD.exposedto√解析：解析：題干：人們認(rèn)為，兩三歲的孩子能夠?qū)W習(xí)他們所接觸到的任何語言。involvesbinsth．意指“使某人參與某活動或陷入某情況，表明某人與(某罪行有關(guān)聯(lián)”；indulgeinsth．指“讓自己盡情享受某事物”；disposesb．tosth．指“使某人愿意做某事”；exposetosth．指“顯露或暴露某人于某事物，使某人面臨某事物或接觸某事物”。所以，正確答案為D。8.Timhasfailedthreecoursesthissemester,sohewillhaveto______themnextsemester.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.remakeB.repeat√C.reapplyD.revise復(fù)”；reapply“重新申請，重新運(yùn)用”；revise“修訂，修改”。用repeat指重復(fù)上同樣的課，故選B。9.Thetoneofthearticle______thewriter'smoodatthetime.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.reproducedB.reflected√C.imaginedD.imitated解析：解析：題干：這篇文章的語氣反映了當(dāng)時的心情。reproduced的意思是“復(fù)制，繁衍”；B．reflected是“反映，體現(xiàn)”；C．imaginedD．imitated是“模仿”。因此只有B符合題干。10.Thescientistshavemadean______studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.exhaustedB.exhaustingC.exhaustive√D.exhaustion解析：解析：題干：科學(xué)家對導(dǎo)致這種疾病的病毒進(jìn)行了詳盡的研究。exhausted表示(be．wornout“疲exhaustion是名詞，意為“耗盡，疲憊，筋疲力盡，竭盡”。綜合以上詞義，可以判斷正確答案為C。11.Inthefaceofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,______action.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.determiningB.defensiveC.demandingD.decisive√解析：解析：題干：在始料未及的困難面前，他迅速、果斷地采取了行動。determining很少出現(xiàn)，一般是determined，意思為“堅(jiān)定的，堅(jiān)決的”；defensive意思是“防衛(wèi)的，防御的”；demanding意思是12.LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphrasemeans______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.unexpectedly√B.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially解析：解析：題干：上個星期天，她突如其來地拜訪了我們。斜體短語outoftheblue和下面哪個單詞同義?考查固定用法和副詞詞義。outoftheblue表示unexpectedly，withoutwarning“未經(jīng)事先告知地，突如其來地”，A與此含義一致。unhappily“不高興地”；untidily“不干凈地，不整潔地”；unofficially“非正式地”，均與題意不符。13.Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.absolutelyB.accidentallyC.accordingly√D.accurately解析：解析：題干：老師讓學(xué)生們待在教室里，他們照做了。absolutely“完全地”，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”；accurately“準(zhǔn)確地，精確地”，都明顯與句意不符。只有C項(xiàng)accordingly“照著，相應(yīng)地”合適，C正確。14.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：15.Thetendencyofthehumanbodytorejectforeignmatteristhemainobstacletosuccessfulorgantransplantation.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.factorB.constituentC.breakD.barrier√解析：解析：題干：對外來器官的排斥現(xiàn)象是器官移植的最大障礙。obstacle阻礙，障礙。factor因素，要素；constituent成分，組成要素；break破損，破裂；barrier障礙，阻礙。故答案選D。16.WheneveryouneedTom,heisalwaystherewhetheritbeanearorahelpinghand,soyoucanalwaysleanonhim.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.benefitfromB.counton√C.standforD.stickto解析：解析：題干：無論何時，只要你需要湯姆，需要傾聽或需要幫助都無所謂，他總會與你同在，你總可以依賴他。leanon依賴。benefitfromcounton依靠，依賴；standfor代表，象征：stickto忠于，信守。故答案選B。17.Thenewsreportscompletelyoverlookedthemoreprofoundpoliticalimplicationsoftheevents.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.foresawB.neglected√C.exploredD.assessedoverlookforesaw預(yù)見；neglect忽視，忽略；explore探究，探索；assess評估，評定。故答案選B。18.Teachersandnurseswhodealwithchildrenareobligedtoreportcasesofsuspectedchildabusetoauthorities.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.remindedB.expectedC.requested√D.compelledoblige要求。remind提醒，使想起；expect期望，預(yù)期；request要求；compel強(qiáng)迫，迫使。故答案選C。19.Yourgradewillbebasedinlargepartontheoriginalityofyourideas.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.popularityB.creativity√C.feasibilityD.flexibilityoriginalitypopularity流行，人氣；creativityfeasibility可行陛；flexibility適應(yīng)性，靈活性。故答案選B。20.Wesuspectthereisaquitedeliberateattempttosabotagetheelectionsandunderminetheelectoralcommission.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.consciousB.desperateC.intentional√D.clumsydeliberateconscious意識到的；desperateintentional策劃的，故意的；clumsy愚笨的。故答案選C。21.SostrangewerethecircumstancesofmystorythatIcanscarcelybelievemyselftohavebeenapartytothem.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.hardly√B.justC.almostD.definitely解析：解析：題干：我故事里的情形非常奇怪，我?guī)缀鯚o法相信我參加了他們的聚會。scarcely幾乎不，幾乎沒有。hardlyjustalmost差不多，幾乎；definitely清楚的，明確的。故答案選A。22.Smokeparticlesandotherairpollutantsareoftentrappedintheatmosphere,thusformingdirtyfog.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.caught√B.constrainedC.concealedD.concentrated解析：解析：題干：煙霧微粒和其他空氣污染物往往被困在大氣中，這樣就形成了“臟霧”。trapped使陷入，使困住。caught被抓住，被困??；constrainedconcealed隱蔽，隱藏；concentrated集中。故答案選A。23.Employeesinchemicalfactoriesareentitledtoreceiveextrapayfordoinghazardouswork.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.poisonousB.difficultC.harmfulD.dangerous√hazardous有危險(xiǎn)的。poisonous有毒的，惡毒的；difficult困難的；harmful有害的；dangerous危險(xiǎn)的。故答案選D。24.CurtCarlson,thewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownedahotelandtravelcompanywithsalesreachingintheneighborhoodof9billion.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.preciselyB.merelyC.approximately√D.substantially解析：解析：題干：科特-卡爾森，明尼蘇達(dá)州的首富，以將近90億的價格收購了一間飯店和旅游公司。intheneighbourhoodofprecisely精確地，準(zhǔn)確地；merely只是，僅僅；approximately大概，大約，接近；substantially大量地。故答案選C。Recentstudiesofthehumanbrainhaveresultedinsomeinterestingdiscoveries.Scientistsbelievethatawaytoimprovethepowerofthebrainmaysoonbepossible.Scientistshavediscoveredthatthebraincanmakeitsowndrugs.Thebrain【C1】______aproteinsubstancewhichcanactdirectly【C2】______thebraintochangeaspectsofmentalactivity.Somemaychangeorimprove,forexample,creativity,intelligence,imagination,andgood【C3______.Chemicalsfoundinthebrain【C4】______messages.InrecentyearsscientistshavefoundchemicalsthatC5】______mood,memoryandotherhappeningsofthemind.About25havebeenfoundC6______.Todaytheroleofchemicalsandtheproteinsubstanceinhumanbehavioriscreatingmuchinterest.Researchseemstoshowthattheymayhelp【C7】______insomnia,pain,andmentalillness.Theyhaveagreat【C8】______tostimulatethebraintoC9______deficiencies.Theyalsoimprovethequalitiesofmemoryandlearningalreadyinthebrain.yC10】______thesecretonmoodandemotion.Somedaytheremaybeachemicalwaytocreateabetterandmoreefficientbrain.分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）(1).【C1】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.entertainsB.restrainsC.sustainsD.contains√解析：解析：entertain娛樂，招待；restrainsustain撐住，維持；contain包含，容納。根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)該是“大腦含有一種蛋白質(zhì)……”。(2).【C2】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.againstB.on√C.forD.to解析：解析：acton固定搭配，表示“對……起作用”。(3).【C3】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.characterB.temperC.spiritD.memory√解析：解析：本句的Some指代的是前一句的aspectsofmentalactivity。選項(xiàng)中符合大腦活動的只有記憶memory。(4).【C4】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.obtainB.acceptC.carry√D.receive解析：解析：本句的意思是“大腦中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)攜帶信息”。因此選carry，意為“攜帶”。(5).【C5】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.approachB.affect√C.aidD.apply(6).【C6】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.somanyB.somuchC.sofar√D.sogood解析：解析：本句的意思是“迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約25種化學(xué)物質(zhì)”。(7).【C7】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.concealB.compressC.confineD.control√解析：解析：本句的意思是“研究似乎表明它們有助于控制失眠、疼痛和精神疾病”。(8).【C8】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.courageB.capacity√C.authorityD.curiosity解析：解析：本句的意思是“它們有一種巨大的能力可以刺激大腦克服缺陷。”(9).【C9】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.containB.contestC.conquer√D.condemn解析：解析：參見上題解釋，有“克服”之意的只有選項(xiàng)。(10).C10】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.heldB.hold√C.areholdingD.willhold解析：解析：根據(jù)上一句，這里的時態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatient—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy;toexposecorruptionortopromotethepublicinterest.Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths?Isitbesttotellhimthetruth?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctorsdenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Shouldtheyatleastconcealthetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient'sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyillpatientsdonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:"Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth'ssake,andthatis'asfaraspossibledonoharm."Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitsisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.Thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.Notonlyinmedicine,butinotherprofessionsaswell,practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequencesseemavoidableonlythroughdeception.Yetthepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception,forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted,tospread,andtoerodetrust.Neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying,"Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou."10.00）(1).Accordingtotheauthor'sopinion,lies______.2.00）A.canbenefitthepatientsB.canhelpthepatientstorecoveryC.candonothingtothepatients'illnessD.cannotbenefitthepatients√解析：解析：態(tài)度題。在文章的第五段，通過使用but，contrarytomajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth，truthfulinformationhelpspatientscopewithillness等文字清楚地表明了自己的觀點(diǎn)“欺騙對病人沒有好處”，相反，真實(shí)的信息有助于病人更好地抵抗病魔。由此可見D是正確答案。(2).Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?2.00）A.Mostofthedoctorsbelievethattheseriouslyillpatientsdonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition.B.Thetruthfulinformationhelpspatientstodealwiththeirillness.C.Thereisaneedtodiscusswhethertolieornottothepatients.D.Itistruethat"Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurt."√解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。源于文章的最后一句話：“Neitherinmedicine，norinlawgovernmentorthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying．‘Whatyoudon’tknowcan’thurtyou因而是錯誤的。(3).Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?2.00）A.Thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.√B.Neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying."Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou."C.Thepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception.D.Weneedtodiscussthisissueinmedicine,butnotinotherprofessions.解析：解析：主旨題。一般來講，主題句中包含中心思想，而主題句常常出現(xiàn)在句首，此段的中心意思正是體現(xiàn)在句首的主題句中，因此A是正確答案．(4).Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.Deceptionisbeneficialtopatients.B.Whetherpatientsshouldbetoldthetruthoftheirillness.√C.Whetherpatientsreallywanttoknowthetruthoftheirillness.D.Whobenefitsfromdeception.解析：解析：主旨?xì)w納題。通讀全文可知，針對醫(yī)生對病人隱瞞病情這一做法提出質(zhì)疑：病人應(yīng)不應(yīng)該了解真相?了解真相對他們有沒有好處?(5).Thereasonsthatthedoctorslietothepatientsare______.2.00）A.seriouslyillpatientsdonotwanttobetoldthetruthB.informingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhopeC.tellingtruthmaymakethemdeterioratefasterD.alltheabove√解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。參看文章第四段第一句，列舉了醫(yī)生向病人隱瞞真情的原因，包括A，BC選項(xiàng)。Englishspeakerspickuppitchintheoftheirbrains,butspeakersofcertainotherlanguagesperceiveitontheleftaswell.Italldependsonwhatyouwanttolearnfrompitch,DonaldWongoftheIndianaSchoolofMedicineinIndianapolistoldthemeetinglastweek.EarlierstudieshaveshownthatwhenanEnglishspeakerhearspitchchanges,therightprefrontalcortexleapsintoaction.ThisfitsinwiththeideathatemotivenuancesoflanguainEnglishareoftencarriedbytheriseandfallofthe—areperceivedontheright.Butin"tonal"languageslikeThai,MandarinandSwedish,pitchnotonlycarriesemotionalinformation,butcanalsoalterthemeaningofaword.Wongandhiscolleaguessuspectedthataspeakeroftonallanguagewouldregisterpitchintheleftsideofthebrain—inparticularBroca'sarea,whichprocessesthelinguisticcontentoflanguage.Totestthis,theteamaskedEnglishspeakersandThaispeakerstolistento80pairsofThaiwords,andtrackedthebloodflowintheirbrainsusingpositronemissiontomography.Thevolunteershadtodecidewhetherthetwowordssoundedthesame,eitherbyconsonantorbytone.Insomeeases,thewordshadnointelligiblemeaning.Noneofthewordswasemotionallycharged,soevenwhenThaispeakerscouldunderstandthem,therewasnoright-sideactivation.ButsureenoughtheThaispeakersconsistentlylituptheleftsideofthebrain,especiallyBroca'sarea,whiletheEnglishspeakersdidnot.TheresearchersarenowplanningtorepeattheexperimentwithThaispeakersusingwholesentences,completewithemotionalinformation."Bothhemisphereswillbeengaged."predictsWong.10.00）(1).Thereasonwhypitchisregisteredontherighthemisphere,accordingtothepassage,isthatit______.2.00）A.belongstotheEnglishlanguageexclusivelyB.isanemotivenuanceoflanguage√C.canbeeasilyheardD.isaregularsoundemotive(感情的)nuances()oflanguage。(2).Whentheemotion-freewordswereheardinthetest,they______.2.00）A.wereregisteredontheEnglishspeakers'righthemispheresB.sloweddownthebloodflowinthevolunteers'brainsC.activatedtheThaispeakers'lefthemispheres√D.soundedexactlythesametothevolunteers解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段講到實(shí)驗(yàn)中所有講出來的詞都不帶任何感情，但是泰語講話者大腦左半球卻很活躍。(3).Atonallanguage______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.possessesnopitchB.carriespitchwithdualfunctions√C.issuperiortotheEnglishlanguageD.holdsmorelinguisticcontentthanEnglish解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第三段開頭。從此處可見“tonal”languages有雙重作用。(4).InWong'sfutureexperiment,thevolunteers______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.willuseeithertheirrightorlefthemisphereB.willusebothEnglishandatonallanguageC.willlistentoemotionally-chargedsentences√D.willlistentomorepairsofemotionally-chargedwords解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章最后一段講到研究者正在計(jì)劃再次對使用泰語的講話者進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，這次讓他們讀帶有完整感情色彩的整句話。(5).Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.Twohemispherestothesoundofspeech.B.Twofunctionsofpitchinlanguage.C.Twohemispheresofthehumanbrain.D.Twolanguagesandtwohemispheres.√解析：解析：主旨題。文章主要講述了不同的語言所對應(yīng)的大腦兩個半球的活動。Britishscientistsarepreparingtolaunchtrialsofaradicalnewwaytofightcancer,whichkillstumoursbyinfectingthemwithviruseslikethecommoncold.Ifsuccessful,virustherapycouldeventuallyformathirdpillaralongsideradiotherapyandchemotherapyinthestandardarsenalagainstcancer,whileavoidingsomeofthedebilitatingside-effects.LeonardSeymour,aprofessorofgenetherapyatOxfordUniversity,whohasbeenworkingontherapywithcolleaguesinLondonandtheUS,willleadthetrialslaterthisyear.CancerResearchUKsaidyesterdaythatitwasexcitedbythepotentialofProf.Seymour'spioneeringtechniques.Oneofthecountry'sleadinggeneticists,Prof.Seymourhasbeenworkingwithvirusesthatkillcancercellsdirectly,whileavoidingharmtohealthytissue."Inprinciple,you'vegotsomethingwhichcouldbemanytimesmoreeffectivethanregularchemotherapy,"hesaid.Cancer-killingvirusesexploitthefactthatcancercellssuppressthebody'slocalimmunesystem.cancerdoesn'tdothat,theimmunesystemwipesitout.Ifyoucangetavirusintoatumour,virusesfindthemaverygoodplacetobebecausethere'snoimmunesystemtostopthemreplicating.Youcanregarditasthecancer'sAchilles'Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer."Theyreplicate,yougetamillioncopiesineachcellandthecellburstsandtheyinfectthetumourcellsadjacentandrepeattheprocess,"saidProf.Seymour.Preliminaryresearchonmiceshowsthatthevirusesworkwellontumoursresistanttostandardcancerdrugs."It'saninterestingpossibilitythattheymayhaveanadvantageinkillingdrug-resistanttumours,whichcouldbequitedifferenttoanythingwe'vehadbefore."Researchershaveknownforsometimethatvirusescankilltumourcellsandsomeaspectsoftheworkhavealreadybeenpublishedinscientificjournals.Americanscientistshavepreviouslyinjectedvirusesdirectlyintotumoursbutthistechniquewillnotworkifthecancerisinaccessibleorhasspreadthroughoutthebody.Prof.Seymour'sinnovativesolutionistomaskthevirusfromthebody'simmunesystem,effectivelyallowingthevirusestodowhatchemotherapydrugsdospreadthroughthebloodandreachtumourswherevertheyare.Thebighurdlehasalwaysbeentofindawaytodelivervirusestotumoursviathebloodstreamwithoutthebody'simmunesystemdestroyingthemontheway."Whatwe'vedoneismakechemicalmodificationstothevirustoputapolymercoataroundit-it'sastealthviruswhenyouinjectit,"hesaid.Afterthestealthvirusinfectsthetumour,itreplicates,butthecopiesdonothavethechemicalmodifications.Iftheyescapefromthetumour,thecopieswillbequicklyrecognisedandmoppedupbythebody'simmunesystem.Thetherapywouldbeespeciallyusefulforsecondarycancers,calledmetastases,whichsometimesspreadaroundthebodyafterthefirsttumourappears."There'sanawfulstatisticofpatientsinthewest...withmalignantcancers;75%ofthemgoontodiefrommetastases,"saidProf.Seymour.Twovirusesarelikelytobeexaminedinthefirstclinicaltrials:adenovirus,whichnormallycausesacold-likeillness,andvaccinia,whichcausescowpoxandisalsousedinthevaccineagainstsmallpox.Forsafetyreasons,bothwillbedisabledtomakethemlesspathogenicinthetrial,butProf.Seymoursaidheeventuallyhopestousenaturalviruses.Thefirsttrialswilluseuncoatedadenovirusandvacciniaandwillbedeliveredlocallytolivertumours,inordertoestablishwhetherthetreatmentissafeinhumansandwhatdosewillbeneeded.Severalmoreyearsoftrialswillbeneeded,eventuallyalsoonthepolymer-coatedviruses,beforethetherapycanbeconsideredforuseintheNHS.Thoughtheapproachwillbeexaminedatfirstforcancersthatdonotrespondtoconventionaltreatments,Prof.Seymourhopesthatonedayitmightbeappliedtoallcancers.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedabout?2.00）A.Newweapontofightcancer.√B.Chemicalmodificationstothevirus.C.Genetherapytocancers.D.Genetherapyofvirustherapy.scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtrialsofaradicalnewwaytofightcancer,whichkillstumoursbyinfectingthemwithviruseslikethecommoncold(英國科學(xué)家正準(zhǔn)備進(jìn))因此選A戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的新武器。(2).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?2.00）A.CancerResearchUKisquitehopefulaboutProfessorSeymour'sworkonthevirustherapy.B.Cancer'sAchilles'heelreferstothefactthatvirusmaystaysafelyinatumorandreplicate.C.Toinfectthecancercells,agooddealofvirusesshouldbeinjectedintothetumor.√D.Researchesonanimalsindicatethatvirususedasanewwaytotreatdrug-resistanttumors.6段第1句：Onlyasmallamountofthevirusneedstogettothecancer(只需一小部分病毒進(jìn)入癌細(xì)胞即可。)這與C選項(xiàng)中的agooddealofviruses(許多病毒)不符，因此選C。(3).Informationaboutresearchesonviruseskillingtumorcellscanbefound______.2.00）A.onTVB.inmagazines√C.onInternetD.innewspapers解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。見第8段第1句：Researchershaveknownforsometimethatvirusescankilltumourcellsandsomeaspectsoftheworkhavealreadybeenpublishedinscientificjournals(研)journal意思是“日報(bào)、期刊、雜志”。只有B雜志屬于journal的范疇。(4).Totreattumorsspreadingoutinbody,researcherstryto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：）A.changethebody'immunesystemB.injectchemotherapydrugsintobloodstreamC.increasetheamountofinjectionD.disguisethevirusesonthewaytotumors√解析：解析：詞匯題。見第9段第1句：Prof．Seymour’sinnovativesolutionistomaskthevirusfromthebody’simmunesystem，．．．(西摩教授創(chuàng)新的解決辦法是掩飾病毒讓人體的免疫系統(tǒng)識別不出來……)。“mask”的意思是“掩蓋，隱蔽，偽裝”，在這里和“disguise”