2017年12月英語四級考試真題第2套答案與解析

A)A)I)B)J)C)K)D)L)M)F)N)G)O)H)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofAbout15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup.IagreedtogiveitaMymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(鉤織),andIwasonmywayto ingahighlyproductivecrafter.I’vemadecountlessbabyblankets,sweaters,scarves,hats,capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.Itseemstoo,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工藝).TheCraftYarnCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreateda“StitchAwayStress”ninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatelikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowerheartrateandbloodpressure.Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingular plishmentsonmytoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebaby’sfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“l(fā)earninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatIfeltveryhelpless.It’sahobbythatI’vestuckwith,anditcontinuestohelpmecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙亂的)days,andallowmybraintimetosolveArecent fromtheyarn(紡紗) RedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnitting”promptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgowellbeyondrecingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecowithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprisonswithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.I’vefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyarnhashelpedmyarthritic(患關(guān)節(jié)炎的)fingersremainmoredexterous(靈巧的asIageAwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdeveloanautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYarnCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.A2009UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirBetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andauthorofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness,establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelptokeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2011study,researchersledbyDrYonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(隨機的)sampleof1,321peopleages70-89,mostofwhomwerecognitively(在認知方面)normal,aboutthecognitivetheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelomildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesoryedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2014studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotinlectuallychallenging,eitherinasocialgrouporalone,didnotshowsuchGiventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingto izethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetrynottomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherKnittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromEvenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofBeingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprologsone’sKnittingdivertspeople’sattentionfromtheirTheauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewerSurveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelieveAccordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitiveTheproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingNobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosisWhat’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(貧民窟);migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelof thanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity,bridges,roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrializationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities;inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.ernmentisconcentratedincapitals,soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙帶關(guān)系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThoughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthat ewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanTheyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheTheyaregrowingfast ingTheyareasmodernizedasmanycitiesTheyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetterWhatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanizationinotherpartsoftheItbenefitedfromthecontributionofItstartedwhen ewasrelativelyItbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinItstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’sWhyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoItlacksadequatetransportThelivingexpensestherearetooItisonthewholetoodenselyThe ernmentsareInwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesareTheyhaveattractedhugenumbersonfarmTheystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalTheyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofTheydependfarmoreonforeignWhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricanLoweringofapartmentBettereducationforMorerationaloverallAmore PassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingForthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit—looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsides—weredecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewsandlifeexperiences.Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks“ aldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadto anadvancedacademicanambitiontogetafirmbeliefintheirasenseofdriveandWhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericanMoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtoItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanAmericans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewAnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningWhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingItstillremainsopentoIthasprovedtobebeyondItisnolongerasimportantasitusedtoItismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanHowdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationtheseItpromotesgenderItneedstobeItaddstoculturalIthelpsbroadentheirWhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillAdesiretolearnandtoAstrongsenseofAwillingnesstocommitAclearaimandhighPart (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.2017年12月大四級考試試卷（第2套Part HowtoBestHandletheRelationshipBetweenParentsandChildren Atpresent,oneofthemostheatedissuespeopleInviewofeveryaspectofthisissue,weshouldbearinmindthattobesthandletherelationshipbetweenthemissupremelysignificanttooursociety.Therefore,somemeasuresmentionedbelowarethemostimportantaspectsthatweshouldtakeintoconsideration.Firstandforemost,parentsshouldspendregulartimewiththeyoungtounderstandthemmoreinsteadofcontrollingtheirchildren’slife.Forinstance,theycansetafamilydayatleastonceaweek.What’smore,itissuggestedthatchildrenshouldpaymoreattentiontotakemorecommunicationwiththeirparents.Withpropercontact,thewholefamilywilldevelopamoreharmoniousenvironmenttoimproveeachother’sAllinall,wemustkeephighlyalertoftheproblemsevokedbyitandregardthebuildingofparents-childrenrelationshipasasignificanttask.父母與的關(guān)系對我們的社會極為女的關(guān)系，以及由此的問題，bearinmind

如：Itisaswelltobearinmindthatlaughterisagreatreleaserof如：IrisMurdochwasregardedbymanyasasupremelygoodandserioustakeintoconsideration如：Wemusttakeintoconsiderationthattheschoollibraryhasnotpurchasednewbooksforalongtime.如：Untilrecentlythisremotetribehadcontactedlittlewiththeoutside如：Youmustkeepalertwhenyouareina yunknownPart PartIII SectionA網(wǎng)。根據(jù)空格前的冠詞a(n)和空格后作后置定語的popularlyknownastheInternet判定，空格【解析】本題考查的是動詞。釋義為直到1984年，因特網(wǎng)依然由控制。空格位于主語之后，缺少謂語，應填入動詞。remained意為“依然”，與題意相符，故選L?！窘馕觥勘绢}考查的是形容詞。釋義為線路只能以有限的速度傳輸信息。根據(jù)空格前算機能夠以更快的速度處理輸入的信號。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞he和空格后的名詞gnas判ng。商業(yè)目的。空格位于名詞purposes之前，應填入形容詞作定語修飾。mercial意為在網(wǎng)上進行?？崭裎挥趆o之后，而且與airlinetickets，carsandhomes構(gòu)成主語，因此應填universities和賓語researchdata之間，因此應填入動詞作謂語。posted意為“發(fā)布”，與題意Section【答案】C釋義為當作者還是一名大學生時，她發(fā)現(xiàn)編織可以幫助她集中注意力。這與段落C中的“AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.founddiscovered的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的concentrate是對定位句中staysfocusedon的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。【答案】H釋義為編織可以幫助人們遠離煙草。這與段落H中的“Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit”相符。題干中的stayawayfromtobacco是對定位句中g(shù)iveupthe【答案】D釋義為如今連男士和孩子都加入了編織者的隊伍中。這與段落D中的“Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.”相符。題干中的menandchildren是對定位句中menandschoolchildren的同義轉(zhuǎn)述；題干中的joiningthearmyofknitters是對定位句中swellingtheranks的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮縊O中的“Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtoizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.”相符。題干是對定位句的概括歸納?！敬鸢浮縇釋義為編織能轉(zhuǎn)移人們對疼痛的注意力。這與段落L中的“Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivitieslikeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.”相符。題干中的divertspeople’sattentionfromtheirpain是對定位句中makeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮緽釋義為作者在青少年時就學過編織，但是直到年長后，她才對編織非常感興B中的“Mymotherhadtaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(鉤織),andIwasonmywayto ingahighlyproductivecrafter.”相符。題干中的becamekeenlyinterested是對定位句中washooked的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮縄釋義為當人們編織時，吃的零食往往會變少。這與段落I中的“Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks,there’slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredomeatfewersnacks是對定位句中l(wèi)esssnackingandmindlesseating的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮縁釋義為結(jié)果顯示，編織可以幫助人們減輕壓力。這與段落F中的“Sincethe1990sthecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.”相符。題干中的help…relievestress是對定位句中stressrelief的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮縇釋義為一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，編織者和鉤織者輕度認知損害的可能性更低。這與段落L中的“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelomildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.”相符。題干中的arelesslikelytosuffer…是對定位句中hadadiminishedchanceofdevelo…的同義轉(zhuǎn)述?！敬鸢浮縀釋義為編織的物品可以增強人們的自尊。這與段落E中的“Butunlikemeditation,craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.”相符。題干中的increaseone’ssenseofself-respect是對定位句中enhanceSectionPassage【答案】B事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第一段的“Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(貧民窟migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠以南地區(qū)的非洲城市并沒有像世界其他地方的城市那樣日益富有。據(jù)此可知，B項【答案】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第二段的“MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevel ethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.”可知，與世界其他地區(qū)相比，大多數(shù)非洲地區(qū)的【答案】A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第二段的“WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictabilitythingsthatkeepinvestorsaway”可知，除了南非之外，撒哈拉沙確定性等都讓投資者望而卻步。據(jù)此可知，A項正確。B項不正確，文中未提及。C項不正【答案】C事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第三段的“ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.”可知，非洲城市不同，它們大多是建立在消耗自然資源的基礎(chǔ)之上，據(jù)此可知，C項正確。A、B、D三項不正確，均與文意不符?！敬鸢浮緿事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第四段的“Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.”可知，如果該城市的D項正確。A項不正確，文中是說對征的稅。B、C兩項不正確，文中未提及。Passage【答案】A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第一段的“Forthepastseveraldecade