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高考英語閱讀D篇真題

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(2018-)

D

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedby

peoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwith

theuncomfortablesilence.

What9stheproblemIt'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversational

intelligence.It9smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkward

andchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufind

yourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit's

aninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeep

relationshipswouldn't

evenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease。閏滑齊(!)for

socialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearch

InstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbig

businessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,nheexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalk

islearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.n

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,

invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutan

interaction(互動(dòng))withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresults

showedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositive

feelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."It'snotthattalkingtothewaiteris

betterthantalkingtoyourhusband,nsaysDunn."Butinteractionswith

peripheral(邊名彖的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.H

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreater

senseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseof

belongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,nhesays.

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph

A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslow

service.

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci

A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingona

topic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.

34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk

A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople's

confidence.

C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalk

C.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence

（2017D

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,two

scientistsjackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbitten

byinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicals

comefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeantheplantspumpthrough

theairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeing

attacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingisanyonelisteningwecanwatchtheneighbours

react.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsothersdodouble

duty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenatural

enemiestothetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnow

becomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelpthe

neighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,butthe

neighborsrelativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhat

todo.

DoesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachotherScientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirst

plantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,in

effect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear“thecry.

Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmore

intimate（親密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sa

wholelotgoingon.

32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack

A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

33.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned^^inparagraph3

A.Theattackersgetattacked.,B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies,

findfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

naturaldisastersthemselvesagainstinsects

tooneanotherintentionallytheirneighborswhennecessary

canweinferfromthelastparagraph

wordischangingfasterthanever,

havestrongersensesthanbefore

worldismorecomplexthanitseems

inDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

（2017=）D

TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarinto

amobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedby

olderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealth

andwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated（隔絕）and

inactive.

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicle

technologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivinginto

laterlife.

Theseincludecustom-madenavigation（導(dǎo)航）tools,nightvisionsystemsand

intelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:"Formanyolderpeople,

particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheir

independence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyon

others.

“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthis

oftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsand

losingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbefore

theyreallyneedto.”

DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains,“The

DriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolder

driversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.

“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthan

everyoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepat

aconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskof

gettingfined.We'relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasa

wayofpreventingthat.

“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解決方案)to

ensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”

isthepurposeoftheDrivelAB

explorenewmeansoftransport.designnewtypesofcars.

findoutolderdriver'sproblems.teachpeopletrafficrules.

isdrivingimportantfbrolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe

keepsthemindependent,helpsthemsavetime.

buildsuptheirstrength.curestheirmentalillnesses.

doresearchershopetodofbrolderdrivers

theirdrivingskills.driver-assisttechnologies.

tipsonrepairingtheircars.regularphysicalcheckups.

isthebesttitlefbrthetext

newModelElectricCarSolutiontoTrafficProblem

ServiceforeldersOlderDriversontheRoad

(2015—)D

ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening,asonevery

Thursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance'sfavorite

pastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe"talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouch

withtheirtruefeelings.Itisn'talwayseasy.Theycustomers-somethirtyParisianswho

payjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession-carequicktointellectualize(高談闊論)，

slowtoopenupandconnect."Youareforbiddentosay'onefeels/or'people

think9,"Lehanetoldthem.“Say'Ithink/"Thinkme'.”

AcafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowedItcouldn,tseemmore

un-French.ButLehanne'spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It's

tryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,Parisiancafes

havefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle-longerworkinghours,afastfood

boomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnew

themecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,

andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.

Thecity's"psychologycafes",whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemost

popularhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkabout

love,anger,anddreamswithatheycometoLehanne'sgroupjusttolearntosaywhat

theyfeel/'There^astrongneedinParisfbrcommunication,“saysMauriceFrisch,a

cafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinnearbychurch/Teople

havefewrealtheyneedtoopenup^.Leh