時態(tài),語態(tài),情態(tài)動詞用法小結(jié)

時態(tài)和語態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來

一般一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時

進行現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時將來進行時

完成現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時將來完成時一一現(xiàn)時SimplePresentTense）1、結(jié)構1）(Active)do;2(Passive)(am,done2、主要用法經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作和存在的態(tài)。e.g.Ioftenschoolearly.主的特征，性格和能力e.g.Heisanengineer.Helooksyoung.客事實，或普遍真理。Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfastersound.Practicemakesperfect.熟生巧。按刻表計劃或安排好的作于表示起始或移動意義的動詞，begin,come,leave,start,arrive,）Iwillfindoutwhenthetrainleaves.TheplaneforSanFranciscotakesoffatthreep.m..3、與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語：everyday,onceatwiceaalways,usually,often,seldom,neveretc.Igotothecinemaonceweek.Sometimesweworktwelveo’clock.4、主動變被動1Dooftencleanroom?Isyourroomoftencleaned?2PeoplespeakEnglishcountries.Englishisspokeninmanycountries.二一過時SimplePast）1、結(jié)構1(Active)2）(Passive)was/weredone2、主要用法過的動作或狀態(tài)。HelivedinBeijingwhenheyoung.過一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反發(fā)生的動作.hewasfree,andhelpothers.3、一般過去時常與這些時間狀語連用：yesterday,beforeliberation,in1960,twoyearslastmonth,inthepast,otherday,Ihappenedtomeethiminstreetotherday.4、主動變被動1ThetigerinthefrightenedthelittleThegirlwasfrightenedthetigerinthezoo.

2Theygavemedalforhiswonderfulwork.Hewasgivenmedalforhiswonderfulwork.三一將時SimpleTense1、結(jié)構1）(Active)will/shalldo2）(Passive)will/shallbedone2、主要用法：表示將來的動作和狀態(tài)。ThefarmerswillbeginpickapplesnextMonday.Hewillcometoseeustomorrow.3、表示將來的其他用法：1begoing+表示打算、準備做的事，或根據(jù)跡象表明即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。yougoingtospendyourholidays?’sgoingsnow.There’sgoingtobealotoftroubleaboutthis.2beaboutto+表示即刻要發(fā)生的動作。Iwasabouttoswimmingluckilyourguidesawmeandshouted“stop!”3）+v.示安排或計劃好的動作。Ahospitalisbebuiltinourdistrict.Wearetomeetatschoolato’clockthisafternoon.4）現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。限于某些瞬時動詞，如：leave,go,come,arrive,start,etc.Myuncleisarrivingat3:30p.m.tomorrow.4、一般將來時常與這些時間狀語連用tomorrow,nextathefuture,---Howwill---Hewillintwoweeks.5、主動變被動1Peoplelaughatyouifyouweardress.Youwillbelaughedatifyouwearthatdress.2Theywon'tthemeetinguntilnextFriday.ThewonbehelduntilnextFriday.3Thedoctoraskthepatientsomequestionsbeforegivesmedicine.Thepatientbeaskedsomequestionsbeforeisgiventhemedicine.四過將時PastTense）1、結(jié)構1）(Active)would/shoulddo2）(Passive)would/shouldbedone2、用法說明不能獨立使用通用在賓語從中表從過去某一點看在將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。HetoldthatheBeijingnextmonth.AtthattimeInotknowbeablefinishworkontime.五現(xiàn)進時PresentContinuous）1、結(jié)構1）(Active)is/am/aredoing

2）(Passive)is/am/arebeingdone2、主要用法說的時刻正在進行的動。---Whattheydoing?---Theyplayingthegarden.現(xiàn)段正在進行的動,盡此刻這個動作可能并不在進行。Themanagertypinghislettersthesedays.Heisateacherphysics,heisnowteachingmath.Sheisworkinginabookshop.進時用來表示將(Futureuse)即表示按計劃或安排在最近將要進行的動作。這種用法僅限于少數(shù)表示動作的動詞，如come,go,have,leave,stay等areyoustayingXi'an?We'rehavingaholidaynextMonday.在進行時態(tài)如果同副詞always,constantly,continually等連用，常帶有或褒或貶的語氣。Heisalwayshelpingwith稱贊）Sheisconstantlycominglate.（滿）3、注意下動詞不能用進行時態(tài)：感官類：hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,seem,appear感覺類：love,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,等存在類：be,remain,stay,obtain占有從屬類have,possess,contain,belong,consistof等認知類：understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,等Iunderstandwhatyoumean.Iloveourgreatmotherland.Ismellsomethingburning.Theflowersmellssweet.六過進時PastContinuous）1、結(jié)構1）(Active)was/weredoing2）(Passive)was/werebeingdone2、主要用法過某一時刻正在進行的作。wereyoutimeyesterday?Iwaswritingalettershecame過某階段在進行的暫時習慣動作。Heisadoctor,butthattimehewasworkingalaboratory.剛的情況。Iwasaskingwhatyouthoughtof--Canyougivetherightanswer?--Sorry,IwasnWouldyoupleaserepeatthatquestion?七現(xiàn)完時Present1、結(jié)構1）(Active)have/has2）(Passive)have/hasdone

2、主要用法發(fā)在過去的動作到現(xiàn)在止已經(jīng)完成，或剛剛完成。Hefinishedreadingbooktoday.TherebeengreatchangesinBeijingintheyears.發(fā)在過去的動作一直延到現(xiàn)在。Theconferencehaslastedforfivedays.Wehaveothersincewerechildren.動發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)的情況產(chǎn)生影響。Thankyou.Ihadmysupper.I’msorrycanwithyou.thefilm.*注事項：瞬間動作肯定一般不可與表示一段時間的狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。瞬間動詞的否式以與表示一段時間狀語一起用于現(xiàn)在完成時。Hecomeherefortwodays.×Hehasherefortwo√istwodayssincehecamehere.√Hecameheretwo√Hehasnotcomeherefortwo√3、現(xiàn)在完成時常與這些時間狀語連用already,not…yet,threetimes,lately,just,before,inrecentyears,since…,fortwoyears,in/duringthepastfewyears,far,upto/tillInthepastyears,greathavetakenplaceinChina.八過完時PastPerfect1、結(jié)構1）done2）(Passive)hadbeendone2、主要用法表示過去某個時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。HehadalreadyleftwhenIgotthere.Theyshowedusmachinetheyproduced.注意事項有些瞬間性動詞在完時態(tài)的肯定句不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用用時須用狀態(tài)動詞。成對的詞有become/be;die/bedead;leave/bejoinarmy/servearmyHehehadservedfortwentyyears.情態(tài)動詞一情動的點情動有定意無稱數(shù)變通不to,后動原形表說人語或緒can/could表能Hecanplaytabletennisquitewell.表事一的征,論的能

Italwayswarmhere,butsometimesitcanverycold.He’sgood-tempered.hecantodealwithwhenoffended.Evenexperiencedteachercanmakemistakes.表許/允?---Can/CouldTomusethe?---Yes,hecan.?Youhavemyseat.Igoingnow.表推?1)---Someoneisknockingatthedoor.WhoitCanitScarlet??it’tbeher.ShefromTokyojustnow.?2)Hecannothaveforgottenit.?3)Thecouldhavebeenavoided.2.may/might表請\許---May/MightIcomein?---Yes,youmay.表可性推hasthatyoumaywellnotItsolate.Ithinghemay/mighthavegonetobed.Youhavegivenhimmorehelp,butwhydidn’tyou?may用于使表祝Mayyousucceed!Mayyoureturninsafe!3.must1.必Isay“sorry”?Yes,youmust./you’t.Youmustseeadoctor.2.猜肯,準”mustwatchingTVnow.Therebemistake.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.3.“偏硬要Ifyoumustsmoke,pleaseout.4.否表“禁”Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Youmayhurt