2022年新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)疏勒縣高考英語一調(diào)試卷（附答案詳解）

2022年新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)疏勒縣高考英語一調(diào)試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

CampsiteLes(tenetsSt.JeanPlage

1<->i>ideal(nrafamilyholiilay.uliidiisllirrr(|iinrtersofarnilrfromMerlin

Plage.an<lfourmilesfromSt.JeandeMonts.

OnsiteActivities

Th<*followingan'available:Thefollowingactivitiesareavailable:

ReceptionWatersports

14inguagr>spokei】：EnglishandDivinglessons

FrenchLessoncharge:€15.00

Olhvrico:Fa\.post,currencyexchange,Sports

laundntoken.RiFiavailableTennis-onefullsizecourt

DiningTabletennis-threetables

Restaurant:SmallrestaurantBadminton-onecourt

LcK-ation:Nearthepoo)andbarBasketball-onecourt

Take-away:Pizzas,burgers,chips,Volleyball—onecourt

dailyspecials

Laundry

Playgrounds

\\asher*:5xmachines€5.00

Oneplayground

每堆待洗衣物)

Dners:2xmachines€4.00per

loadCyclehire

SanitationAdults:€41.00/week,

Holsilowers€10.00/day

BabybathsChildren:€31.00/week,

Toilets€10.00/day

Children'stoiletsHelmets(頭盔)andchildseatsavailable

1.Whatdoestheword"Sanitation"probablymeaninChinese?

A.洗浴設施B.衛(wèi)生設施C.娛樂設施D.健身設施

2.Whatsportcan'tyouplayonthesite?

A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Volleyball.D.Tennis.

3.IfMr.andMrs.BrownandtheirsonJimwanttorentbicyclesforaweek,howmuchwill

theypay?

A.€62.00.B.€72.00.C.€82.00.D.€113.00.

IconfessIhesitatedwhentheeditorinchiefofTheNewYorkTimesMagazinetoldmeinlate

2014thatIwouldbeeditinganewfront-of-bookcolumncalledLetterof

Recommendation,aboutstuffpeoplereallylike.Thecolumnwasthebrainchildofourstaff

writer,SamAnderson,heexplained.Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplacestofindout

whatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.Wewouldpushagainst

thistrend,900wordsaweek,40-somethingtimesperyear.

Thereasonformyhesitationwasasimple,unfortunatefactaboutwriting.Writingaboutthings

youhateiseasy：notjustfun,butgenerative.Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyou

disagree,butthedoesn't.Thewriterlytoneiswell-suitedtoourage,butit'shardnottoseeitasa

collectivedefensemechanismasifrevealingyourtruefeelingsexposesyourunmentionable

secretstothepublic.Obsessions,meanwhile,areinseparablefromourpeculiaritiesaspeoplewe

cometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreallyworks,ifsasrevealing

abouttheauthorasitisitssubject.Onewriter,amaninhislate30s,forexample,recommended

Pedialyte,whichhedrinkstobalancetheeffectsofbothdrinkingandexercise,andtocheathis

waybacktoyouth.

IprobablyseesomewherebetweenthreeandfiveLetterofRecommendationpitchesaday.It's

agreatspotfortryingoutnewwritersinthemagazine,soItrymybesttokeepupwithallthe

email,butIoftenfail.(Ifeelgenuinelyterribleaboutthiseverydayofmylife.)Determining

whichtoassigninvolvesseeinghowitmeetsthevariouscriteria(評判標準)we'vesettledon

overtheyears.Wedon'tlikethecolumntobetimely---everythingelseintheworldis

timely.Butontheotherhand,weneedtoputaheadlineonthethingthatpeoplemight

reasonablyrecognize,stopandreadabout.Thereshouldbeapersonalangletothe

recommendation,butalsosomeuniversallyrecommendableaspect.Butthenagain,itshouldn't

betoorecommendable：thisisn'tacolumnforlife-hacks.Therecommendationitselfshouldbe

attractivelyunexpected"sideways"，aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying,butreally,it'sjust

anexcusetocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.

4.SamAndersonproposedacolumnLetterofRecommendationbecausehefound.

A.thefashiontrendwasnoteasytopushagainst

B.therewasashortageofgoodqualitycolumns

C.writerscouldhardlyfindaplacetosharetheirlikes

D.hisbrainchildcouldsometimesincreasereadership

5.Theworcfode"(inparagraph2)isclosestinmeaningto.

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A.complimentB.recommendation

C.hesitationD.determination

6.Whyisthewriterinhislate30smentionedinparagraph2?

A.Togiveanexampleofthewriterlytone.

B.Tohighlightthewaythatthecolumnselectswriters.

C.Toshowhowacollectivedefensemechanismworks.

D.Toillustratehowwritersrevealthemselvesinthecolumn.

7.Thewriterhopesthatinthecolumn,.

A.therecommendeditemsarequitefamiliartoreaders

B.therecommendeditemsshouldfollowthelatesttrend

C.readerscanlearnaboutlifeskillsfromtherecommendations

D.readerswillfindtherecommendationsbeyondtheirexpectation

c

TheUndergoingWelfareReform

Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmany

states-atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehave

lefttherollssince1994.

Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthe

peoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.Theresult：The

AthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent-twicethenational

average.Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationthatmuchmoreneedstobedone.

“Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit*snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,'1saysKathyLairn,a

policyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.

AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatlastyear,agreaterpercentageof

single,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincome

forthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.

Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithout

governmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.

"Welfarewasapoison.ltwasatoxinthatwaspoisoningthefamily,'*saysRobertRector,a

welfare-reformpolicyanalyst."Thereformischangingthemoralclimateinlow-income

communities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant."

Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce"thehabitofdependencyiscracked,"thenthecountry

canmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.

8.Whydon'tpeopleenjoytheirlivesbetterwhentheygetjobs?

A.Becausetheyareusedtorelyingonwelfaretomakelivings.

B.Becausethecostoflivingishigherthanbefore.

C.Becausemanyfamiliesarenotsatisfiedwiththeirincome.

D.Becausetheirwagesareverylow.

9.Fromthepassageweknowthatthereconstructionofisthecoreofthereform.

A.governmentaidsB.workethic

C.welfarefundsD.moralawareness

10.FromtheexampleoftheAthensCountry,weknowgreateffortsshouldbemadeforthe

poorto.

A.improvetheirlivingstandards

B.helpthembeemployed

C.getthemoffwelfare.

D.increasetheirwage

11.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheauthor.

A.iscompletelycertainaboutthesuccessofwelfarereform

B.thinksthatwelfarereformhasdonelittlegoodforthepoor

C.considerswelfarereformsuccessfulonthewhole

D.insistswelfarereformhasincreasedthegovernment^burden

D

Itseemsdifficulttoexplainthepersistentsuccessofscientifictheoriesatdescribingnature.

Iexplorethischallengeinmybook,WhatScienceIsandHowItReallyWorks.Ifthehistoryof

scienceteachesusanything,itisthattheabilityofatheorytopredictunobservedphenomena

andleadtoamazingnewtechnologiesisnoproofthatsaidtheoryis"true".

Forexample,IsaacNewton'smechanicsenabledsurprisinglyaccuratepredictionsofother

astronomicalphenomena,suchasHalley'scomet（哈雷彗星）arrivinglaterthannormalin

1759duetothegravitationaleffectsofpassingclosetoJupiter.Evenmoreimpressive,inthe

early1800swhenastronomersdeterminedthattheorbit（軌道）ofUranusfailedtomatch

Newtonianpredictions,theyconcludedthatNewton'stheorywasnotwrong；rather,the

existenceofapreviouslyunobservedplanetwasproposedandwaslaterfoundexactlywhereit

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wasexpectedtobe(andnamedNeptune).

Suchsuccessesofthescientificrevolutionweresoimpressivethatphilosophersdeveloped

wholenewtheoriesofknowledgetotrytoexplainhowscientistsappearedtohaveused

observationandreasontodiscoverfundamentaltruths.Indoingso,scientistsattemptedto

dismisswhatlogicianshaveknownforlong：thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscan

proveasupposedcause.

Butdon'tthesuccessesofNewtonianmechanicsprovethatthelawsNewtonproposedmust

reallybetrue?Otherwisehowcouldthetheoryhavepickedasinglespotinthevastexpanseof

theuniverseandfoundexactlywhereNeptunewas?

Thingsdonotalwaysworkoutthisway,however.In1859,astronomersdeterminedthatthe

orbitofMercurywasnotbehaving,overtime,asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanother

newplanet(namedVulcan)wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,this

suppositiondidnotpanout；rather,Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthis

context.Adifferentscientifictheory-Einstein'stheoryofrelativity——wasrequiredtolater

explainMercury'smovement.

So,whatreallyhelpscredibilitymore?Toinsistthatweknowthatatoms,blackholes,anddark

matterarerealbecauseofhowmanyobservationswecanexplainandpredictionswecanmake

bysupposingtheirexistence?Ortosimplyadmitthatsciencecannotsupportaclaimof

absolutetruthregardingtheabstract,unobservedscientificobjectsandlawsthatareproposedto

governthisworld?

Onecouldarguethatifscientistsdon'tbangthegong(鑼)of"truth”,thenitmayonlyquicken

thedismissalofscienceasjustanotheropinion.However,Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoes

notgivetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit,andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharm

thangood,notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic,butforthepracticeof

science.Ifdataareimportanttothesciences,thenletusacceptthehistoricaldataonscience

itself.

12.WhichofthefollowingdidthelawsofNewtonfailtoprovideaccuratepredictionsfor?

A.TheplanetofMercuryvariedinitscomposition.

B.Halley'scometarrivedlaterthannormalin1759.

C.Neptunewaslocatedwhereitwasexpectedtobe,

D.TheSunhadanotherplanetnamedVulcan.

13.Whydoesthewritermentionlogiciansinparagraph.

A.Tointroduceanotherwayofscientificthinking.

B.Toimplywhatmistakescientistsmayhavemade.

C.Tomakeacomparisonbetweenlogiciansandscientists.

D.Tohelpexplainthecauseandeffectofcertainphenomena.

14.Thephrase"panout*'(inparagraph5)mostprobablymeans.

A.appearB.bedividedC.shrinkD.beproved

15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthewritermostlikelytoagreewith?

A.Onlybyenoughobservationscanatheorybeprovedtrue.

B.Nevercanweruleoutthepossibilitythatatheoryiswrong.

C.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityworksbetterthananyothertheoryinastronomy.

D.Newtonianmechanicsdoesn*tfittodayscontextbecauseitwasestablishedlongago.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10.0分)

Withsummerinfullswingandexcessiveheatwavesrollingthroughpartsofthecountry,taking

adipinwatercanbearefreshingwaytocooloff.Everyyearpeoplerisktheirlivesinand

aroundwaterastheydon'tfollowsimplesafetyguidelines.(1).

Neverswimalone-eveninpublicpoolsorbeacheswherelifeguardsarewatching,alwaysuse

thebuddysystem.(2).

Alwaysobservesafetysigns-befamiliarwithwhatwatersafetysignsmean,youmaysee

differentsignsatthebeachorthepool.Ifyouareunsurewhatthesesignsmean,askalife-guard.

(3)—differentwaterwayscomewithdifferentrisks,makesureyouknowhowtocallforhelp

shouldyoueverneedit.Raiseyourhandoutofthewatertosignalforhelp,standormovethe

shallowareaifyoucan,floatonyourbackandcallforhelp.

Don'ttakerisks-letsplayitsafewheninandaroundwater.(4),oryoucouldaccidentally

hurtsomeoneelseoryourself.

Alwaysswimbetweentheflagswhenatthebeach—lifeguardsplacetheflagsinthesafest

swimmingareaonthebeachforthatday.Swimmingbetweentheflagsalsomeansthatifyou

needhelp,youcansignalalifeguardbyraisingyourarmaboveyourhead.

LearnCPRandFirstAid—everybodyshouldhavesomebasicknowledgeinfirstaidandCPR.

(51!

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A.Checkthewaterconditions

B.Don'tpushorjumponothers

C.Knowwhattodoifyouareintrouble

D.Ifyouhaveneverlearntit,2021mightbeyouryeartolearn

E.Weaskeveryone,thissummer,tobesafeinwaterandfollowthesetips

F.Protectyourchildren'ssafetyaroundwaterwiththesetipsinsummer

G.Evenverystrongandconfidentswimmersshouldneverswimontheirown

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

Inhisformerlife,BunkerBeanwastrickedintobelievingthathewasthegreatNapoleon

Bonaparte.Believingthisreallyliftedhislifetogreatnew⑵).Butthen,lateron,hediscovered

thathisfriend,thespiritualist,who(22)himofhispastlife,wasrevealedtobea(23),amanwho

liedtoothersto(24)theirmoney.

BunkerBeanwasbrokenbythisrevelation.So,hehadn*treallybeenNapoleonina(25)lifeafter

all!Hewasjust(26)oldBunkerBean.Butthenewscameinagoodway!Bunkerrealizedthatit

didn,t(27)whohe'dbeeninaformerlife.Whatmatteredwaswhathehad(28)himselftobecome

inhispresentlife.

HisspiritualistfriendhadhelpedBunkertobelieveinhimselfenoughtochangesomeof

his(29),habits,andbehavior.Bunkerhadlearnedtoformagameplan(30)onwhatothershad

doneinthe(31)thatmadethemsupersuccessful.Hehadlearnedthe(32)ofstudyingthethoughts

ofgreatmen.He'dlearnedhowtomakethosethoughtsof(33)hisownthoughts.He*dalso

learnedtheneedforagoalandtheneedfora(34)methodtoreachthatgoal.Andhe(35)thatone

mustfollowhismethodreligiously.

ThestoryofBunkerBeanistoldasfiction,but,(36),hisstoryisastrueasanytold.

Theprinciplesofhissuccess,as(37)above,canbetheprinciplesofeachofusandour

success.Buttomakethosework,wemustlearnthe(38)aboutourselvesandthetruthisthis：each

ofushasthe(39)andabilitytosucceedifwebelieveinourselvesenoughtomakeit(40).Weare

what,andwho,wethinkweare.

21.A.widthsB.heightsC.depthsD.weights

22.A.warnedB.accusedC.informedD.convinced

23.A.cheatB.foolC.beggarD.poet

24.A.payB.borrowC.obtainD.owe

25.A.previousB.preciousC.comfortableD.impressive

26.A.poorB.richC.plainD.lucky

27.A.careB.matterC.matchD.bother

28.A.allowedB.forbadeC.advisedD.forced

29.A.rapidsB.altitudesC.attitudesD.sources

30.A.fixedB.countedC.focusedD.based

31.A.courseB.pastC.distanceD.future

32.A.policyB.priceC.valueD.system

33.A.surpriseB.failureC.safetyD.success

34.A.reasonableB.determinedC.toughD.common

35.A.pickedoutB.foundoutC.tookoutD.giveout

36.A.graduallyB.officiallyC.fluentlyD.actually

37.A.reportedB.scheduledC.confirmedD.outlined

38.A.truthB.abilityC.mythD.duty

39.A.fortuneB.desireC.potentialD.necessity

40.A.marchB.happenC.escapeD.wander

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.Atatimewhenweareallexperiencinganextraordinarylevelofstress,scienceoffersa

simpleandeffectivewaytoimproveourownemotional(情感的)health.

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Tohelpyourself,(1)(start)byhelpingothers.

As(2)matteroffact,ourbodiesandmindsbenefitinavarietyof(3)

(way)whenwehelpothers.Someresearchhasfocused(4)the"helper'shigh.

"Studiesshowthatvolunteering,donatingmoney,orevenjustthinkingaboutdonating

moneycanrelease(釋放)feel-goodbrainchemicals.

(5)(feel)responsibleforotherpeoplealsocanhelpusdealwithwhatever

challengeslifebrings.EmilyGreenfield,anassociate(6)(consult)ofsocialwork

atRutgersUniversity,studiedaconceptcalled"feltobligation(義務)，"which(7)

(measure)byaskingpeoplequestionssuchashowobligatedtheywouldfeelto

givemoneytoafriendinneed,even(8)itmeantputtingthemselvesintrouble.

Asitturnedout,thepeoplewhohadhigherlevelsof"feltobligation"-meaningtheywere

thetypeofpeopletosacrificeforothers-dealt(9)(well)withtheirownlite

challengesthanothers.

She(10)(note)thatcaringforothershelpedustoregulateourownemotions

andgainasenseofcontrol.

五、短文改錯(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處.每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪

除或修改.

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞.

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉.

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.

注意：L每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分.

Howtimeflies!IHadhardlyhadtimetoenjoythewarmthofmyhomewhileit'stimego

backtoschool.ThiswinterIspendtendaysstudyingmaths,chemistryandphysics,none

ofwhichwaseasilyforme.

AndIstillhadsomefunduringtheSpringFestival.Ihadattendedmyuncle*sweddingand

mynewauntwasverybeautiful.Tomydisappoint,Ididn'tgetmanyluckymoneyasIhad

expected.Ialsowenttothecinemawithseveralclassmates.Weplayedjokesoneach

otherandhadabigmealinarestaurantcalling"RedLobster".Thefoodtherewasvery

deliciousandweallreallyenjoyedmyself.

六、書面表達(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

43.假設你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter在中國象棋網(wǎng)絡挑戰(zhàn)賽(TheChineseChess

NetworkChallengeCompetition)中榮獲一等獎。現(xiàn)在，請你給他寫-一封電子郵件，

向他表示祝賀，要點如下：

1表示祝賀；

2贊揚對方的付出；

3向?qū)Ψ綄W習。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

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答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、A、D

【解析】（1）B.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)該詞下方的說明可知，設施包括洗浴設施和衛(wèi)生間，

因此“衛(wèi)生設施”的選項更為全面。故選B。

（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)宣傳單右側(cè)Activities中的Sports可知，不能在營地里做的運

動是足球，其他都有提到。故選A。

（3）D.數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)原文可知，成人一周租車費用41歐元，兒童31歐元，兩大

一小共計113歐元。故選D。

這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一個適合家庭旅行的地點。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有

據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】C、A、D、D

【解析】（1）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Samfiguredthattherewasnoshortageofplaces

tofindoutwhatwritershatebutfewspacesforwriterstotalkaboutwhattheylove.（Sam發(fā)

現(xiàn),找出作家討厭的東西的地方并不少，但卻很少有空間讓作家談論他們所喜歡的東西。）

”可知，Sam提出了一個專欄的推薦信，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)作家很難找到一個地方來分享他們

的喜好。故選C項。

（2）A.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文"Thecriticismtendstoentertain,evenifyoudisagree,（批評

傾向于娛樂，即使你不同意，）”以及劃線詞前的but可知，劃線詞與criticism是反義詞。

A項"夸贊"符合題意。A.compliment夸贊；B.recommendation推薦；C.hesitation猶豫；

D.determination決心。故選A項。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Obsessions,meanwhile,areinseparablefromour

peculiaritiesaspeoplewecometolovethingsforoftenweirdreasons.Whenthecolumnreally

works,it'sasrevealingabouttheauthorasitisitssubject.（與此同時,癡迷與我們的特殊性

是不可分割的，因為我們愛上某些東西往往是出于奇怪的原因。當專欄真正起作用的時

候，它對作者的揭示就像它的主題一樣?！敝械膔evealing以及后文的forexample可知，

作者舉出該作家的例子是為了說明作者如何在專欄中揭示（reveal）自己。故選D項。

（4）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Therecommendationitselfshouldbeattractively

unexpected"sideways",aseditorsareperhapstoofondofsaying,butreally,it'sjustanexcuse

tocutbrilliantwritersloosetoamuseorinspireus.（正如編輯們可能太喜歡說的那樣,這

個推薦本身應該是出人意料的、吸引人的"側(cè)面"，但實際上，它只是一個借口，讓杰出

的作家們松懈下來，以取悅或激勵我們。"'中的attractivelyunexpected"sideways"可知，

作者希望讀者會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些建議超出了他們的預期。故選D項。

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了作者在《紐約時報》開辟新專欄的過程。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

8~11.【答案】D、B、A、C

【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中"Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthens

Countyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstook

jobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour."（在過去的四年里，AthensCounty的福利人數(shù)減少了

一半。但在過去兩年里，不再受救濟的人中，有70%的人從事的是每小時不到6美元的

工作。）可知，雖然人們找到了工作，但收入太低以至于他們生活仍然貧困。因此"Because

theirwagesareverylow."（因為他們的工資很低。）符合題意。故選D項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中"Thereformischangingthemoralclimatein

low-incomecommunities.It'sbeginninglorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmore

important."（改革正在改變低收入社區(qū)的道德風氣。它開始重建工作觀念，這是更重要

的。）可知，重塑低收入工作者們的工作觀念是最改革的核心任務。因此"workethic”

（工作觀念）符合題意。故選B項。

（3）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmore

than30percent-twicethenationalaverage.Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationthat

muchmoreneedslobedone."（AthensCounty的貧困率仍然保持在30%以上，是全國平

均水平的兩倍。對于窮人的倡導者來說，這意味著需要做更多的工作。）可知，Athens

County的貧困率很高，說明人們的生活水平很低。以及最后一段中"thenthecountrycan

makeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards."（然后國家可以做出其他

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旨在提高生活水平的政策改變。）可知，國家的福利政策就是為了提高人民的生活水平。

因此'improvetheirlivingstandards"（提升他們的生活水平）符合題意。故選A項。

（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalready

beenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimated

thatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994."（雖然福利改革還處于早期

階段，在許多州就已經(jīng)被認為是一個巨大的成功-至少在使人們擺脫福利方面是這樣。

據(jù)估計，自1994年以來，有超過200萬人脫離了救濟名冊。）可推斷出，福利改革制

度雖然還處于早期，但是已經(jīng)改變了人們的思想觀念，使人們不再心安理得的接受救濟，

這本身就是一個勝利，所以作者認為福利改革總體上是成功。因此“considerswelfare

reformsuccessfulonthewhole."（認為福利改革總體上是成功的。）符合題意。故選C

項。

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國正在進行的社會福利改革。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作

者觀點。

12~15.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段"In1859,astronomersdeterminedthatthe

orbitofMercurywasnotbehaving,overtime,asNewtonianmechanicspredicted.Soanother

newplanet（namedVulcan）wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,this

suppositiondidnotpanout；rather,Newtonianmechanicswasanincorrecttheoryinthis

context.（1859年，天文學家確定，隨著時間的推移，水星的軌道并不像牛頓力學預測

的那樣。因此，另一顆新行星（命名為火神）被提出。與海王星存在的預言不同，這個

假設沒有得到證實；相反，牛頓力學在這種情況下是一個錯誤的理論。）”可知，牛頓

定律沒有準確預測太陽有另一顆行星叫火神。故選D。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Indoingso,scientistsattemptedtodismisswhat

logicianshaveknownforlong：thatnoamountofcorrectlypredictedeffectscanprovea

supposedcause.（在這樣做的過程中，科學家們試圖駁斥邏輯學家們早就知道的事實：

再多的正確預測的結(jié)果也不能證明一個假設的原因。）"可推斷，作者在第三段提到邏

輯學家來暗示科學家可能所犯的錯誤。故選B。

（3）D.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第五段劃線詞前句"Soanothernewplanet（namedVulcan）

wasproposed.UnlikethepredictionofNeptune'sexistence,（因此，另一顆新行星（命名為

火神）被提出。與海王星存在的預言不同，）"和后句"rather,Newtonianmechanicswasan

incorrecttheoryinthiscontext.（相反，牛頓力學在這種情況下是一個錯誤的理論。）"

可知，另一顆新行星的假設沒有得到證實。所以panout為"被證明、被證實"之意。A.appear

出現(xiàn);B.bedivided被分割；C.shrink收縮;D.beproved被證明。故選D。

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一S"However,Iwouldarguethatthispositiondoesnot

givetheintendedaudienceenoughcredit,andthatclaimingabsolutetruthdoesmoreharmthan

good,notonlyfortheinteractionofsciencewiththepublic,butforthepracticeofscience.（然

而，我想說的是，這種立場并沒有給目標受眾足夠的信任，聲稱絕對真理弊大于利，不

僅對科學與公眾的互動，而且對科學的實踐也是如此。）"可推斷，作者認為我們永遠

不能排除一種理論是錯誤的可能性。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。文章作者通過具體的事例來說明科學理論也有可能是錯誤的。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題

一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料?；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材

料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善

于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，

仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

16~20.【答案】E、G、C、B、D

【解析】（1）E.推理判斷題。分析整篇文章的結(jié)構可知，這是一篇總分結(jié)構的文章。

此空處于第一段最后一句話，經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)是承上啟下的句子。根據(jù)上一句話“Everyyear

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