21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第一冊(cè)

______-______-讓每個(gè)人平等地提升自我!#admittingthat...雖說，即使whileadmittingthat...雖說，即使（6）lookdown（up）on-haveorshowalowopinionof蔑視，瞧不起e.g.Theylookdownonusbecauseweliveinapoorareaofthecity.他們看不起我們，因?yàn)槲覀冏≡谶@城市的窮人區(qū)。MissTracylikestennisbutshelooksdownonfootballastoorough.特蕾西喜歡網(wǎng)球，但看不起足球，認(rèn)為足球太粗野。（7）whileathletesaremadeheroesof-whileathletesarepraisedorconsideredasheroes而把運(yùn)動(dòng)員當(dāng)成英雄makesth.ofsb./sth.使……成為……（文中意思）;用…造；了解,明白e.g.Ican'tmakeofwhathewants.我不了解他要什么。Thearmyhasmadeamanofhim.軍隊(duì)把他造就成了男人。Theywanttomakeamusicianoftheirson.他們想把他們的兒子造就成音樂家。（8）ratherthan（otherwise）不是別的而是...詳見Unit1的TextA的語言點(diǎn)No.25）（9）idleaway-荒廢，浪費(fèi)（時(shí)間）Hewasidlingawaytheafternoonsittingonthegrassandreading.他下午坐在草地上看書消磨時(shí)間。 _Weidledawaythehoursplayingcards.我們玩牌消磨時(shí)間。（10）becomesocialoutcasts成為社會(huì)棄兒，成為被社會(huì)排斥的人outcasta.被（家庭、國(guó)家等）逐出的，被排斥的；被遺棄的；無家可歸的n.被驅(qū)逐的人；流浪者，流氓，無賴;［英方］爭(zhēng)吵e.g.Shehasspentherlifetryingtohelpgypsies,beggarsandothersocialoutcasts.她一生努力幫助吉普賽人、乞丐和其他被社會(huì)排斥的人。ShewasapoliticaloutcastafterthePartyexpelledherin1982她1982被驅(qū)逐出黨后成了被政界排斥的人。注：gypsy［由ipsi］n.吉普賽人，吉普賽語a.象吉普賽人的vi.流浪（11）conformvi.,vt.（與to,with連用），遵守，符合,順應(yīng),相配；【宗】遵奉國(guó)教；（與to連用）使適合e.g.Acoatmustconformtothefigureofthewearer.衣服必須與身材相配。Onthefirstdaywhenapupilentersschool,heisaskedtoconformtotheschoolrules.從進(jìn)校的第一天起,學(xué)校就要求學(xué)生遵守校規(guī)。conformtothecustomsofsociety遵守社會(huì)習(xí)俗conformwiththeregulations遵守規(guī)章conformacopytotheoriginal使副本與原本一致conformtheplanstothenewspecifications使計(jì)劃符合新規(guī)范(12)depriveof剝奪，使喪失deprivevt.奪去，剝奪，使喪失(of);撤職，免去…的職務(wù);使不能有，使不能享受e.g.Shewasdeprivedofschoolingatten她10歲時(shí)就失學(xué)了。Sicknessdeprivedmeofthepleasureofmeetingyou.疾病使得我未能和你經(jīng)常歡聚。(13)Enoughisenough.適可而止吧。Thisexpressionmeansthatwhatissaid,done,etc.isquitesufficient,sothatnothingelseneedstobesaid.Itisusuallysaidasindicationorwarningthatwhatisgoingonmustbestopped,andexpressessomedegreeoffrustration.e.g.Enoughisenough(=Iwantwhatishappeningtostop)—Idon,twanttoarguewithyouanymore.適可而止吧，我不想再跟你爭(zhēng)吵。(14)Thereareveryfewcountriesintheworldwhereanti-intellectualismrunsashighinpupularcultureasititdoesintheU.S.在大眾文化方面，世界上還很少有哪個(gè)國(guó)家反知識(shí)的現(xiàn)象象在美國(guó)那么高漲。run這里是作連系動(dòng)詞linkverb.e.g.Sincetheirmotherpassedaway,thechildrenhavebeenrunwild.自從母親逝世以來，孩子們很放肆。 _Inspringthebrookswouldrunhighwithmeltwater.春天小溪會(huì)因有冰雪融水而水位上漲。Differencesbetweenthetwosidesrundeep(=areserious).雙方分歧嚴(yán)重。Suppliesarerunninglow.供應(yīng)在減少。Feelingsarerunninghigh(=Peopleareangryorexcited).激情澎湃。/群情激奮。(15)leastofall尤其不，最不e.g.Thismuchfoodisbarelyenoughforonefamily,leastofallthewholevillage.這么多食物只夠一家人家吃用，供全村人根本不夠。Nooneseemedtopayanyattentiontothechairperson,leastofallthedistinguishedguests!沒有人注意那個(gè)主席，尤其不注意那些貴賓了。Toeasethetension,Itoldajoke,butnobodyseemedamused,leastofallmyfather.為了緩和緊張氣氛，我講了個(gè)笑話，但似乎沒有人被逗樂，尤其沒有逗樂我的父親Idon'tlikerainorstorms,andleastofallthunder.我不喜歡下雨和暴風(fēng)雨，尤其不喜歡打雷。notleastofall尤其notleast相當(dāng)重要e.g.Tradehasbeenbad,notleastbecauseofincreasedcosts.生意一直不好，相當(dāng)重要的原因是價(jià)格上漲。at(the)least至少，起碼；無論如何，最少e.g.He'sgoingawayforatleastaweek.他起碼一星期出去一次。attheveryleast［用于加強(qiáng)語氣］(=attheleast,intheleast)一點(diǎn)，絲毫notintheleast一點(diǎn)也不tosaytheleast(ofit)［插入語］至少(可以這樣說)，退一步說L-said,soonestmended.(=Theleastsaidthebetter.)［諺］多說惹禍，少說為妙；話越少越好。（16）holdup使停滯;攔路搶劫;舉起展示；提出（作榜樣）；見holdout；見keepup不低落，維持，繼續(xù)；舉起來beheldupas-被推舉為，被展示為e.g.Hissonwasheldupasamodelofhardwork.他的兒子被推舉為勤奮工作的榜樣/努力工作的模范。Dr.BerthunehasbeenheldupasanexampleofinternationalisminChina.白求恩大夫被樹立為有國(guó)際主義思想的榜樣。IntheUSA,manyAfrican-AmericansholdupMichaelJordanasarolemodel.在美國(guó)，許多美國(guó)黑人把邁克爾.喬丹奉為行為的榜樣。>loseholdof放棄>holdagainst歸咎于；責(zé)怪e.gWemustn'tholdagainsthimthathehasbeeninprison.們不要因?yàn)樗^去坐過牢而對(duì)他有偏見。Weshouldn'tholdhispastmistakesagainsthim.我們不該因他過去的過錯(cuò)而歧視他。>holdback阻止（=keepback）;抑制（情感、情緒）（=holdin,ke印back）;阻礙發(fā)展（=ke印back）;退縮不前（=hangback,hangbehind）;保密；隱瞞e.g.Thevillagersbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbackthefloodwaters.村民們筑起土壩，防止洪水泛濫。Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.誰也無法阻止歷史車輪的前進(jìn)。Thebosswasunabletoholdbackhisangeranylonger.（喻）老板再也抑制不住怒火了。>holddown保有（一份工作）；壓抑；壓低；控制；e.g.toholdpricesdown把物價(jià)壓下來>holdforth長(zhǎng)篇大論地講，滔滔不絕地講>holdoff保持距離；不接近;（=keepoff）讓開，不接近，使離開；拖延；延期（=putoff）e.g.Marytendstoholdofffrompeople.瑪麗總是不接近人。Therainmayholdoff,butitwon'thurttotaketheraincoatwithyou.雨可能下不下來,不過把雨傘帶去總沒有壞處。TheboardofdirectorswillholdoffmakingadecisionuntilnextWednesday.董事會(huì)將推遲到下星期三才作出決定。Wemustbereadytoholdoffthecomingstorm'sattack.我們必須準(zhǔn)備好阻擋即將來臨的暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊。Willtherainholdoffuntilafterthegame?這場(chǎng)雨能拖到比賽結(jié)束之后再下嗎？>holdon（打電話時(shí)用語）請(qǐng)等一下，不要掛上；堅(jiān)持；=holdoute.g.Couldyouholdon?I'lljustseeifthemanager'sin.你不要掛斷電話好嗎?我去看一看經(jīng)理在不在。>holdout給予，提供；支持；繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；忍耐（=hangon,holdon）;伸出e.g.WillthecarholdouttillwereachLondon?這車能支持到我們抵達(dá)倫敦嗎？'Howlongwillourfreshwatersuppliesholdout?'captainasked」船長(zhǎng)問道，'我們的淡水還能支持多久?”Heseemstoholdoutnohopeofsucceeding.他好象對(duì)成功不抱有希望。Ican'tholdoutmuchhopethattheweatherwillimprove.對(duì)于天氣會(huì)變好我們不能過于樂觀。Heheldouthishand他伸出了手.>holdoutfor堅(jiān)持要求（=stickoutfor）>holdouton隱瞞;扣壓不復(fù)>holdover延遲；延期;期滿后繼續(xù)上映;威脅；勒索>holdto堅(jiān)持；遵循；（=holdby堅(jiān)持,keepto遵循）e.g.Ishallholdtomydecision.我將堅(jiān)持我的決定。>holdwith同意，贊成（17）HowlongcanAmericaremainaworld-classpowerifweconstantlyputsocialskillsandphysicalstrengthoveracademicachievementandintellectualability?HowlongcanAmericaremainaworld-classpowerifweemphaziesocialskillsandphysicalstrengthratherthanacademicachievementandintellectualability?假如我們始終把社交技巧和體力放在學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)和智能之上，美國(guó)的世界強(qiáng)國(guó)地位又能保持多久呢？Thewordoverisapreposition,indicatingsuperiority,advantageorpreference.介詞over在此句中的意思是：高于…；在…之上；等級(jí)比…高；支配。e.g.Idon'twantanyoneoverme.我不想受任何等級(jí)比我高的人支配。（18）Dowereallyexpecttostayafloatlargelybyimportingourscientistsandintellectualsfromabroad,aswehavedoneforamajorportionofthiscenturywithoutmakinganefforttoalsocultivateaprointellectualcultureathome?-Formostofthiscenturywe,veimportedscientistsandintellectualsfromabroad;littlehadbeenmadetocultivateapro-intellectualcultureathome.Canwereallyexpectournationtostayontop/toremainaworld-classpower/tostaycompetitivebygoingonlikethis?難道我們真的希望長(zhǎng)此下去，象本世紀(jì)大部分時(shí)間所做的那樣，主要是從國(guó)外引進(jìn)科學(xué)家和知識(shí)分子，而不是同時(shí)也在國(guó)內(nèi)培育一種重視知識(shí)的文化沃土嗎？“Stayafloat”-使…漂浮不沉；使...流通；使…不致負(fù)債stayfloatingonwater-isreferringtoa"boat.”TheboatistheU.S.Hereinthissentence,“tostayafloat”meanstostayfloatonwater,tostayontop,tostaycompetitiveortostayaworld-classpower.>afloatad.,a.漂浮,在水上;在船上；在途；在海上；被水淹沒;不欠債的注：adj.［多作表語］,e.gHowlongdidyouspendafloat?你在海上待了多久？keepafloat使…漂浮不沉；使…流通；使…不致負(fù)債alltheshippingafloat航行中的船只總數(shù)alwayssafelyafloat保持安全浮泊cargoafloat在途貨物，運(yùn)輸中貨物currencyafloat流通中貨幣dischargeafloat船上卸貨goodsafloat路貨，未卸貨，未到貨，在海運(yùn)途中的貨物，進(jìn)行交易時(shí)或訂約前已裝運(yùn)在海上的貨物 _notalwaysafloat不擔(dān)保船舶經(jīng)常浮泊saleafloat運(yùn)輸途中銷售，賣路貨stockafloat路貨，海運(yùn)途中貨物get（anewspaper）afloat發(fā)行（一份報(bào)紙）set（rumours）afloat散布（謠言）Theinheritancekeptthemafloatforyears遺產(chǎn)使他們好多年免于經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。Ourplansareafloat.我們的計(jì)劃尚未定案。portionn.一部分；區(qū)劃［段］;一份［股，批，部分］,（飯菜）一份;【律】分得的財(cái)產(chǎn);嫁妝;［只用單］命運(yùn)vt.把…分成份；分配（out）;給…遺產(chǎn)，給…嫁妝;命運(yùn)注定e.g.aportionofland一部分土地alargeportionofthemanuscript草稿的大部分forthegreatportionofone'slife以一生中的大部分時(shí)間oneportionofroastbeef一份烤牛肉portionoutfood分配食物portionabride給新娘準(zhǔn)備嫁妝附：portionablea.portioner分配的人;收到遺產(chǎn)、嫁妝的人portioningn.分份，分成幾份portionlessa.得不到分配物的（尤指遺產(chǎn)），沒有嫁資的cultivatevt.致力于（音樂、藝術(shù)等）；種植，耕種，開懇;培植，培育；養(yǎng)殖（魚蝦等）;培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成，磨煉（才能等）,啟發(fā);結(jié)識(shí)（有地位的人）；細(xì)心照料e.g.cultivateanewgeneration培育新一代cultivatethehabitofanalysis養(yǎng)成分析的習(xí)慣cultivatealoveofart培養(yǎng)對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛Healwaystriestocultivaterichandfamouspeople.他總是試圖結(jié)交有錢有勢(shì)的人。（19）impoverisheda.窮困的，無力的，用盡了的impoverishvt.使窮困;使枯竭，耗盡；使虛弱e.g.animpoverishedwriter窮困潦倒的作家impoverishnaturalresources耗盡自然資源（20）liewith（責(zé)任,權(quán)力等）在于…，屬于…，是…的職權(quán)；應(yīng)由……（承擔(dān)責(zé)任）；（作出決定等）得靠……e.g.Thefault/blamelieswithsomegovernmentofficials（官員）.Manypeoplebelievethattheresponsibilityfortheteam,slosslaywiththecoach（教練）ratherthanwiththeplayers.（21）adaptto—makefit（asforaspecificornewuseorsituation）;changesoastobesuitable適應(yīng)e.g.Althoughitwasherfirstexperienceabroad,shesoonadaptedherselftothenewlifestyle(生活方式).SomefreshmenfromtheNorthfinditdifficulttoadapttothecoldanddampwinterinShanghai.doawaywith—abolish,putanendto,getridof廢除，去掉e.g.ThedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneawaywithinmanyEuropeancountries.死刑在許多歐洲國(guó)家已經(jīng)被取消。It,simportantforgovernmentofficialstodoawaywiththoseoutdatednotions.政府官員去掉過時(shí)的觀念很重要。exercise—makeuseof,employ利用，行使，運(yùn)用e.g.exerciseapower行使權(quán)力Johnexercisedhisdemocraticrightbynotvotingintheelection.約翰通過在選舉中不投票來行使他的民主權(quán)利。Alwaysexercisecautionwhenhandlingradioactive(a.放射性的，有輻射能的)substances.處理放射性物質(zhì)時(shí)要時(shí)刻小心。(24)pursuingknowledgetothefullextentofone,sabilitiesmakingallpossibleeffortstogainknowledge(25)have/standachanceof—havethepossibilityofachievingsth.有希望，有可能e.g.Ourteamstillstandsachanceofwinningthegame.我們隊(duì)還有希望贏這場(chǎng)比賽。Unskilledworkerswillstandalittlechanceofbeingre-employed.不熟練工人再就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)小。IfyougetstraightAs,youwillhaveagoodchanceofwinningthescholarship.假如你門門功課成績(jī)都最優(yōu)秀的話，你贏得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的可能性會(huì)很大。Letthestudentsgothroughthewholetextquicklyagaintotrytounderstandthemainideaofthetextandgraspthestructureofthetextanddothereadinganalysisandstructuredwriting.askonestudent(ormore,ifnecessary)totellwhatthetextismainlyabout.(doexercisesII,III&IV);drawthestudents,attentiontothestructureofthetext;askthestudentstowriteaparagraphinwhichTedandMarymakeacompromise.AskthestudentstodoEXXXV&XVI(Pages108-109).Afterfinishingexplainingthewholetext,theteachermaygoontodealwiththefollowingaspectthestudentsneedtomaster:SentencestructuresLearntousesuchstructuresas“Notuntil（直到……才。它被用于句首時(shí)主句主謂倒裝，見課本練習(xí)VII）"，“betodo（sth.）（與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性等.見課本練習(xí)VIII）”，"as...as（與……一樣）,notsomuch…as（與其說是還不如說是）”,and“stoptodosth.,stopdoingsth.”.iv）Post-readingactivities:AskthestudentstotrytolearnthetextbyheartforasmuchEnglishinputaspossible.Watchanactof“FamilyAlbum,USA”orsomeothershortEnglishshoworflashiftimespermitsafterthedesignatedclassworkhasbeenfinishedandcarryoutlisteningandspeakingactivities.ii.StudyofTextBandTextCOnthebasisofthereadingbeforeclass,use:i）TextBforextensivereadingTheteacherguidethestudentstogothroughthetextquicklywiththea/mstepscovered.Text-relatedinformationGivethemeaningsofsushi,pasta,aerobicdancing,rainforests.Thelanguagepointsaretobeexplainedasfollows:⑴beinstyle別具風(fēng)格地，時(shí)髦地，很成功地:beinfashion,bein流行，行時(shí)beoutofstyle,beoutofdate,beoutoffashion,beout不流行，過時(shí)in-group時(shí)髦族e(cuò).g.Theclassicblackdressisalwaysinstyle.Longhairisbackinstyleformen.長(zhǎng)發(fā)又在男人中流行起來了。Furcoatshavegoneoutofstyle.皮大衣已經(jīng)不流行了。Thatradiolookssooutofdate.那收音機(jī)看起來很過時(shí)了。Father,ssuitisoutofdate;heneedsanewone.父親的西服過時(shí)了；他需要一件新的。IhaveamapbutI'mafraidit'soutofdate.我有一張地圖，但我恐怕它已經(jīng)過時(shí)沒用了。Theinformationinlastyear’stouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.去年旅游指南上的信息已經(jīng)過時(shí)沒用了。andthelikeandsimilarthings等等e.g.Formanyyearshestudiednaturaldisasters,suchasvolcanoes,earthquakesandthe^卜。他多年研究自然災(zāi)害，如火山、地震等等。There'sabigsportshallfortennisandbadmintonandthelike.有個(gè)可以打網(wǎng)球、羽毛球等的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)大廳thisdesireformoneydoesn'texplainfadsinotherareas,suchaslanguages-這種追求金錢的愿望并不能說明其他領(lǐng)域中的時(shí)尚，如語言的使用（4）pointout-show,explain,drawattentionto指出e.g.Hepointedoutthepossibledisadvantagesofthenewsystem.他指出了這個(gè)新系統(tǒng)/新制度/新體系可能存在的缺陷。I'dnevernoticedthatabouthertillyoupointeditouttome.你向我指出前，我從沒注意到有關(guān)她的那個(gè)情況。theculturalbordersbetweencountriesbegantobreakdown國(guó)與國(guó)之間的文化邊界開始被沖破了。?ThethemeofthetextTrendsandfadsinfluenceallaspectsofmodernlife.ii）TextCforthestudents'homeworkTheteacherchecksthestudents'understandingofthetextandsmoothoutsomedifficultpointsstudentspointout.Thelanguagepointsarelikethefollowing:（1）popularitythatcounts-thekindofpopularitythatisgenuinelyvaluable有價(jià)值的出名popularityn.通俗性；大眾性，流行；普及，普通；名氣，名望e.g.enjoy[win]generalpopularity享盛名，受歡迎，得眾望count>vt.,vi.點(diǎn)數(shù)，數(shù)，算；計(jì)算；清點(diǎn)；總計(jì)達(dá)…；認(rèn)為,視為,看作；有價(jià)值，重要，有用e.g.tocountfrom1to100從1數(shù)到100Counttheseapples清點(diǎn)一下這些蘋果。countitanhonor（todosth.）（把做某事）引以為榮Everysecondcounts每一秒鐘都很重要。>n.計(jì)算，合計(jì)數(shù)；（被告的一條）罪狀；伯爵（二[英]earl伯爵）e.g.TherewassomanycarsthatIlostcount.有那么多的小汽車，以致于我忘記數(shù)到那兒了。Hewasfoundguiltyontwocounts.他被判定有兩條罪狀。（棉紗）支數(shù)countdown倒數(shù)計(jì)時(shí)counton依靠;指望,期待 （=countupon）countout〈拳擊〉宣告失?。?）Thosearetheyearswhenyoushouldbefindingoutwhoyouareandwhatyoustandfor.—在這樣的年紀(jì)，你應(yīng)該弄清楚自己是怎樣的人，主張的是什么。（3）Youcanloseyourselfinaseaofindenticalhairstylesandthoughtstyles.-你可能在千篇一律的發(fā)型和思維方式的海洋中失去你的自我。（4）…foragirlinherteens,enteringanewschoolisaboutaseasyasspendingaseasonaloneinthetropicaljunglestospendaseasonaloneinthetropicaljunglesforateenagegirlwouldbeincrediblychallenginganddemanding;enteringanewschoolissimilarlydifficult對(duì)于一個(gè)十幾歲的女孩來說，進(jìn)入一所新學(xué)校不啻于象在熱帶叢林中獨(dú)自度過一個(gè)假期般一樣困難agirlinherteens-ateenag