2019年英語新必修五講義Unit1SectionⅡWarmingUpReading-LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對(duì)記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.defeatvt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗2.expertadj.熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的n.專家；行家3.attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光5.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療6.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)7.suspectvt.認(rèn)為；懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯8.blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n.過失；責(zé)備9.handlen.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱10.linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.scientificadj.科學(xué)的→sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家2.concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束3.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心→absorbedadj.全神貫注的；一心一意的4.pollutevt.污染；弄臟→pollutionn．污染5.announcevt.宣布；通告→announcementn．公告；宣布→announcern．播音員；宣告者1.paintern．畫家；油漆匠[記法]paint(v.給……上油漆)＋-er(表示“……的人”)[同義]drawern．畫家[串記]Thepainterispaintingthedoor.這位油漆匠正在給門上油漆。2.physiciann．醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師[聯(lián)想]doctor醫(yī)生；dentist牙醫(yī)[詞塊]seeadoctor/dentist看醫(yī)生/牙醫(yī)3.neighbourhoodn．附近；鄰近[記法]neighbour(n.鄰居)＋-hood[聯(lián)想]childhoodn．童年4.pump[名詞動(dòng)用]n．泵；抽水機(jī)→vt.(用泵)抽水[聯(lián)想]“名詞動(dòng)用”的常見詞集錦①bookn．書→v.預(yù)訂②seatn．座位→v.容納③backn．背部→v.支持④facen．臉→vt.面對(duì)⑤headn．頭→vi.前往5.foresee(原形)→foresaw(過去式)→foreseen(過去分詞)[規(guī)律]A－B－C型[聯(lián)想]“A－B－C型”不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一覽①see→saw→seen②hide→hid→hidden③write→wrote→written④ride→rode→ridden⑤give→gave→given6.“照看/照顧某人”的多種表達(dá)①attend(to)sb.②careforsb.③takecareofsb.④lookaftersb.二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.put_forward提出；推薦2．draw_a_conclusion得出結(jié)論3．expose_..._to使顯露；暴露4．of_sb.'s/sth.'s_day在某人/某物存在的時(shí)候5．face_a_challenge面臨挑戰(zhàn)6．mark_..._on_...在……上把……標(biāo)出來7．be_to_blame該受責(zé)備；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)8．look_into調(diào)查9．slow_down減速；減緩10．link_..._to_...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來1.passsth.fromparentstotheirchildren父母傳給子女某物2．findsupportingevidence找到有力的證據(jù)3．theresearchintoadisease對(duì)……疾病的研究4．a(chǎn)cloudofgas一團(tuán)氣體5．gatherinformation收集信息6．makefurtherinvestigations做進(jìn)一步調(diào)查7．topreventthisfromhappeningagain為了防止這種情況再次發(fā)生8．a(chǎn)noutbreakofcholera霍亂爆發(fā)三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。Inautumn,it'sneither_too_hot_nor_too_cold.秋天，既不太熱也不太冷。2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.因此，每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬驚恐的人死去。everytime“每次”，作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Every_time_I_went_to_see_her,_shewasabsorbedinherresearchwork.每次我去看她時(shí)，她都全神貫注于研究工作。3.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.在兩條特定的街上霍亂流行得很嚴(yán)重，以至于10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。so...that...“如此……以至于……”；that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。Theylookso_attractive_thatIthinkyoucouldbeinterestedintheexhibition.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))它們看上去很有吸引力，我認(rèn)為你可能會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)展覽感興趣。4.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.為了防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測(cè)。suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，其后賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常常使用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。但表示“表明；暗示”時(shí)不用虛擬語氣。Mydeskmate'ssleepylooksuggestedthathewas_tired_ofhisstudyandIsuggestedhe(should)_have_a_rest.我的同桌困倦的表情表明他學(xué)習(xí)累了。我建議他休息一下。1．(教材P1)Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?誰提出了關(guān)于黑洞的理論？putforward寫出下列句中putforward的含義①They'veputthedateoftheirweddingforwardbyoneweek.提前②Sheputforwardagoodsuggestionatthemeeting.提出③Yououghttoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.將(鐘表)向前撥④CanIputyouforwardasourclubsecretary？提名；推薦putaside節(jié)?。粌?chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存；留出；放一邊putaway放好；存起來putoff延期；推遲putup舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿putupwith容忍；忍受⑤Encouragechildrento_put_asidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyChristmaspresents.鼓勵(lì)孩子們存下一部分零花錢來購買圣誕禮物。⑥Ithasbecomeahabitforsomestudentstoput_offtheirhomework.對(duì)有些學(xué)生來說推遲他們的作業(yè)已成為一種習(xí)慣。2．(教材P1)Drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束(1)draw/cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion總而言之eq\a\vs4\al(2conclude\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.fromsth.,fromsth.that...)))eq\a\vs4\al(從……中推斷,出……)concludesth.eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.,bydoingsth.))以……結(jié)束……①Iconcluded/drewaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatwherethereisawillthereisaway.我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：有志者，事竟成。②Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.總之，散步是一種廉價(jià)、安全、有趣且易實(shí)施的鍛煉方式。③Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.小組討論接近尾聲時(shí)，一定要用幾條要點(diǎn)作為結(jié)束。[名師點(diǎn)津]除inconclusion外，寫作時(shí)還常常用到下面短語作為全文總結(jié)語。①inshort②inaword③inbrief④allinall⑤tosumup⑥briefly(speaking)⑦onthewhole3．(教材P2)JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n．失?、貽nlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs'death,smart-phonesdefeatedconventionalPCsinsales.(2017·江蘇高考)僅僅在史蒂夫·喬布斯去世5年后，智能手機(jī)的銷售量就打敗了傳統(tǒng)的個(gè)人電腦。②Shewasawomanwhohatedto_admit_defeat.她是個(gè)不愿服輸?shù)呐?。[辨析比較]defeat,beat,windefeat擊敗，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和結(jié)果賓語是對(duì)手beat打??；(連續(xù))擊打賓語是對(duì)手win贏得；獲勝賓語是game或prize等③YesterdayIdefeated/beatJohnatchess.Hewononlyoneset,whileIwontwosets.昨天和約翰下棋，我贏了他。他只贏了一盤，而我贏了兩盤。4．(教材P2)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加寫出下列句中attend的含義①Thepatientsarewellattendedinthehospital.照顧；護(hù)理②Youknow,myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.出席；參加③Hetoldmethathehadanimportantpartytoattendthatnight.參加(1)vt.&vi.照顧；護(hù)理；專心；注意attend(to)sb.照料/關(guān)懷某人attendtosth.處理/專心于某事④Therewasnoonetoattend(to)himbutTina.除了蒂娜，再無人照顧他了。⑤Attend_toyourstudyandstoptalking.專心學(xué)習(xí)，停止說話。(2)vt.出席；參加；定期去attendameeting/wedding參加會(huì)議/婚禮attendschool/church去上學(xué)/去做禮拜⑥Hewasinvitedtothepartybuthedidnotattendit.他被邀請(qǐng)參加那次聚會(huì)，但他沒參加。5．(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接觸；使體驗(yàn)expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……遭受……beexposedto暴露于；接觸①Don'texposebabiestostrongsunlight.不要讓嬰兒受到強(qiáng)烈陽光的照射。②Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.→Ifexposed_to_very_loud_musiceveryday,youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeaf.(省略句)→Being_exposed_to_very_loud_musiceverydaymakesitpossibleforyoungpeopletoriskgoingdeaf.(動(dòng)名詞作主語)如果年輕人每天都處于嘈雜的音樂的影響中，他們很可能有變聾的危險(xiǎn)。③Travellingabroadexposes_children_todifferentlanguagesandcultures.去國外旅行會(huì)使孩子們接觸到不同的語言和文化。[名師點(diǎn)津]及物動(dòng)詞expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動(dòng)形式。④Beingexposedtostrongsunlightwilldoharmtoyourskin.暴露在強(qiáng)光下會(huì)對(duì)你的皮膚有害。6．(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。curen．[C]治愈；痊愈；療法vt.治愈；治療；改掉(壞習(xí)慣)acureforsth.醫(yī)治某種病的療法curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的病；改掉某人的壞習(xí)慣①Researchersfindcuresforcertaindiseasesoftenbyusingtheforests'plantandanimallife.研究人員通常通過利用森林動(dòng)植物找出某些疾病的治療方法。②Thefreshairandexercisecuredhimofhissleeplessness,whichmadehimfeelrelief.新鮮空氣和鍛煉治好了他的失眠，這令他感到欣慰。[名師點(diǎn)津]常見的“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋of＋sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)還有：①remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事②warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事③robsb.ofsth.搶劫某人某物④informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事⑤cheatsb.ofsth.欺騙某人某事7．(教材P2)JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.約翰·斯諾想面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，解決這個(gè)問題。challengen．挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)(1)achallengeto...對(duì)……的挑戰(zhàn)faceachallenge面臨挑戰(zhàn)accept/takeupachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)meetthechallengeof面臨……的挑戰(zhàn)(2)challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的①Exploringouterspaceisachallengetomankind.探索外太空對(duì)人類來說是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)。②ManyChinesebrands,havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,are_facing_new_challengesfromthemodernmarket.(2017·江蘇高考)很多享有幾百年盛譽(yù)的中國品牌，現(xiàn)在正面臨著來自現(xiàn)代市場的新挑戰(zhàn)。③Teachingyoungchildrenisachallenging(challenge)andrewardingjob.幼兒教育是一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性和有益的工作。[名師點(diǎn)津]challenge本身已含“向……；對(duì)……”的意義，因而不要再加多余的to。向某人挑戰(zhàn)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1([誤]tochallengetosb.,[正]tochallengesb.))8．(教材P2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心absorb...from...從……中吸收……o...把……吸收入……absorboneselfin＝beabsorbedin專心于；全神貫注于①Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromairandmoisturefromthesoil.植物從空氣中吸收二氧化碳并從土壤中汲取水分。②Thesurroundingsmalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.四周的小城鎮(zhèn)已并入這座城市。③Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.＝Soabsorbed_was_Tom_in_his_workthatheforgottoinformherofit.＝Absorbed(absorb)inhiswork,Tomforgottoinformherofit.湯姆專心于工作，忘記了通知她這件事。[名師點(diǎn)津]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語、定語時(shí)，常用其過去分詞形式absorbedin...。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：①belostin...陷入……；專心致志于……②becaughtin...被困在……③beburiedin...埋頭于……④bedevotedto...致力于……；專心于……9．(教材P2)JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.約翰·斯諾推測(cè)第二種理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。suspectvt.懷疑；認(rèn)為n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯suspectthat...懷疑……；覺得……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做過)某事suspectsb.tobe...懷疑某人是……①Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.(2017·浙江高考)她懷疑三個(gè)女兒(那時(shí)分別為10歲，8歲和6歲)中的一個(gè)撿起了它，但是這些孩子都說沒有。②Isuspecthimtobeapickpocket.＝Isuspectthat_he_is_a_pickpocket.我懷疑他是個(gè)扒手。③Whatmadeyoususpectherofhavingtakenthemoney?你憑什么懷疑錢是她拿的？[名師點(diǎn)津]與suspect相關(guān)的單詞有：①criminal罪犯②murderer殺人犯③robber劫匪；強(qiáng)盜④kidnapper綁匪⑤thief小偷10．(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住lame(1)vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于betoblame(forsth.)(對(duì)壞事)負(fù)有責(zé)任；(因某事)應(yīng)受責(zé)備blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎到某人身上①Wheneverhedidn'tperformwellinhisstudies,shewouldblamehimbitterly,expressingherdisappointmentinhim.每當(dāng)他在學(xué)習(xí)中做得不好時(shí)，她總會(huì)訓(xùn)斥他，表達(dá)對(duì)他的失望。②Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfareto_blame(blame)．不要總把失敗歸咎于他人，有時(shí)該怪你自己。(2)n.過失；責(zé)備bear/taketheblame(forsth.)(對(duì)某事)承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人③Ifthathappens,thecoachwilltaketheblameforit.如果發(fā)生那樣的事，教練將對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。④ItiscommonthatnowadayssomestudentsputtheblamefortheirpoorperformanceinstudyontheirlowIQ.如今，一些學(xué)生把他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績不好歸咎于他們的智商低，這很常見。11．(教材P3)InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從兩個(gè)與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系；鏈接link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來linkupwith與……聯(lián)合；使與……銜接①I'vedecidedtoblockalltheinformationfromafriend,whoconstantlyshareslinkstovarioushealthtips.我決定屏蔽一個(gè)朋友的所有信息，他總是不停地分享各種保健小貼士的鏈接。②Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecase.指紋使嫌疑犯與案件聯(lián)系起來。③Theywentontothenexttown,wheretheylinked_up_withtheotherparty.他們繼續(xù)趕路到了下一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，在那里他們與另一個(gè)隊(duì)伍會(huì)合。12．(教材P3)WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthegerms.有了這個(gè)額外的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病菌。announcevt.宣布；宣告(決定、計(jì)劃等)；(尤指通過廣播)通知(1)announcesth.(tosb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat...宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布……(2)announcementn.通知；通告makeanannouncement宣布；下通知(3)announcern.廣播員；播音員①Hesaidtheluckywomanwillbeannouncedonthewebsiteandthetripwillbesharedonline.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)他說有幸得到這張機(jī)票的女士將在網(wǎng)站上公布出來，整個(gè)旅行也會(huì)在線分享。②Onedaywithabasketofvegetables,heannounced_to_us_thathewasgoingtocookadeliciousdish.一天他帶著一籃子的蔬菜，向我們宣布他將烹飪一道佳肴。③Attheendofthemeeting,itwas_announced_thatanagreementhadbeenreached.會(huì)議最后宣布已達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。[語境串記]Theannouncermadeanannouncementthatallthedetailsshouldbeannouncedthroughthebroadcast.廣播員宣布所有的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)通過廣播公布出來。[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)詞announce后不跟雙賓語，表示“向某人宣布某事”時(shí)應(yīng)該說announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。類似用法的單詞還有：suggest,explain,report,say等。13．(教材P3)Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.供水公司得到指示，再也不能讓人們接觸被污染的水了。instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)(1)instructsb.todosth.命令某人做某事instructsb.in(doing)sth.指導(dǎo)某人(做)某事(2)instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意義的instructionn.(常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)用法說明；操作指南；指示；命令；講授①Thestudentsneedateachertoinstructthemto_paint(paint)．＝Thestudentsneedateachertoinstructtheminpainting.這些學(xué)生需要一位老師來指導(dǎo)他們繪畫。②Followtheinstructions(instruct)onthepacketcarefully.仔細(xì)按照包裝上的說明操作。1．Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。(1)句中neither...nor...意為“既不……也不……”，可連接兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。①Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.這種現(xiàn)象既不是很好也不是很差；它就是現(xiàn)實(shí)中的大學(xué)生活，過去是這樣，現(xiàn)在依然還是如此。(2)neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于與謂語最近的主語，即：就近原則。②Neithermywifenormyparentswere(be)abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindandfinallyshejoinedinthegame.我妻子和我父母都沒能說服我女兒改變主意，最終她參加了這個(gè)比賽。[名師點(diǎn)津]連接并列成分作主語，符合就近原則的還有：either...or...或者……或者……not...but...不是……而是……notonly...but(also)...不但……而且……③Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會(huì)議。④NotyoubutIam(be)toblameforthemistake.不是你而是我該為此錯(cuò)誤受到責(zé)備。2．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.因此，每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬驚恐的人死去。(1)everytime用作連詞，意為“每次……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。①Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.每次光線以新的速度進(jìn)入某一物體，就會(huì)發(fā)生折射和散射。②Somethingislearnedeverytimeabookisopened.[諺語]開卷有益。(2)含有time的時(shí)間名詞短語作連詞的還有：eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(隨時(shí))，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)。③The_first_timehecametothecity,hedecidedtosettlethere.他第一次來到那個(gè)城市，他就決定在那里安家。④Youarewelcometocomebackany_timeyouwantto.你什么時(shí)候想回來，我們都?xì)g迎。3．Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.在兩條特定的街上霍亂流行得很嚴(yán)重，以至于10天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。(1)so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，此結(jié)構(gòu)中so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：eq\x(so＋\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that...,adj.＋an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that...,many/few/much/little少...＋n.＋that...)))①Usually,it'ssocrowdedonthebusthatIcan'tfindanywheretosit.通常，公交車上太擁擠了，我找不到坐的地方。②Therewasso_much_worktodothateverybodygotbored.有這么多的工作要做，人人都感到厭煩了。(2)such...that作“如此……以至于”，連接一個(gè)表示結(jié)果的狀語從句時(shí)，與so...that意思相同，但用法不同。such后邊要跟名詞(這個(gè)名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶)，such...that的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：eq\x(\a\al(①such＋an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,②such＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that...,③such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that...))③Hehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他進(jìn)步得很快，老師們對(duì)他感到很滿意。④Thisissuchaninterestingbookthatweallenjoyreadingit.＝Thisisso_interesting_a_bookthatweallenjoyreadingit.這本書非常有趣，我們都喜歡看。(3)當(dāng)so或such位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝形式。⑤SodifficultisthearticlethatIcanhardlyunderstandit.這篇文章太難了，我?guī)缀踝x不懂。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iwonderwhomadethisdecisionandhowtheycametotheconclusion(conclude)．2．Suspecting(suspect)thetravelerofcarryingdrugs,theCustomsofficialstoppedhimandwentthroughhissuitcase.3．Hissonisverynaughtyandhasformedsomebadhabits.Ithinkheshouldcurehimofthem.4．Whenlinked(link)tothesubway,thecitywillbeeasytogetaccessto.5．Itwas_announced(announce)thatourteamtookthefirstplace.6．Itriedtofollowtheinstructions(instruct),butIgotconfused.7．Woundsexposed(expose)totheairheal(愈合)morequickly.8．Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.9．(2017·天津高考)Thatyear,Iattended(attend)aseminarwherewewereaskedtocreateaprojectthatwouldtouchtheworld.10．Theyhad_defeated(defeat)theirenemiesbeforetheycouldgethelp.Ⅱ.選詞填空neither...nor...，takeupachallenge，so...that...，everytime，beexposedto，putforward，beabsorbedin，beblamedfor1．Everyoneissupposedtoput_forwardsomesuggestionsonhowtoimproveourenvironmentatthemeeting.2．Neitherhenorhisparentsaregoingtotravelthisholidayfortheyareallbusy.3．Themanagingdirectorwas_blamed_fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.4．Hewassoabsorbed_inhisworkthathedidn'tnoticeavisitorcamein.5．Areyougoingtotake_up_a_challengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing?6．Every_timeIcallonher,sheisalwaysbusywriting.7．—Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldliketoliveinthecountryside.—Yeah.You'dbe_exposed_toalotlesspollutionifyoumovedtoavillagewithpurewaterandair.8．Nowadays,shoppingonlineissopopularthatithasbecomeapartofourlife.一、全練語言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Withtheteacherinstructing(指導(dǎo))them,thestudentshavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.2．Wearetakingstepstopreventairfrombeingpolluted(污染)．3．Letusworktogetherandmakeevengreatercontribution(貢獻(xiàn))toworldpeaceandstabilityandcommonprogressofmankind.4．Oneofthechallenges(挑戰(zhàn))hehasacceptedistoswimacrosstheriver.5．Thearmywaswell-trainedandwell-armed,andhadlittledifficultydefeating(打敗)theenemy.6．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblame(責(zé)備)forMiller'saccident.7．Isuggestthatyoushouldmakefriendswithpeoplehavingdifferentcharacteristics(特征)orbackgrounds.8.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert(專家)．9．Thefarmersinthisareahadagoodharvestlastyearthankstothescientific(科學(xué)的)farming.10．FamilyproblemsareverypainfultoMarry.ButIdon'tthinksheknowshowtohandle(處理)thesituation.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Idrew_a_conclusion/concluded_from_the_facts_thathewashardworking.從這些事實(shí)中我得出他是努力的這一結(jié)論。2．Teachersshouldexpose_the_students_toasmanyreallifesituationsaspossible.老師們應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生盡可能多地接觸真實(shí)的生活環(huán)境。3．Facing_the_challenge,_hedecidedtohaveatry.面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，他決定試一試。4．Hewas_absorbed_in_writingaletteranddidn'tevennoticehisfriendscoming.他在聚精會(huì)神地寫信，他的朋友來了他都沒注意到。5．Thespaceshipwill_link_up_withthespacestationthisafternoon.宇宙飛船將于今天下午和太空站對(duì)接。6．Neither_you_nor_your_brotheristotakechargeoftheproject.你和你弟弟都不能負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工程。7．Every_time_I_ring_her,_thephoneisbusy.我每次給她打電話，電話都占線。8．Itisso_challenging_a_job/such_a_challenging_job_thatIcan'tfinishitonmyown.這是一個(gè)如此具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，我自己無法完成。Ⅲ.課文語法填空J(rèn)ohnSnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,became1.inspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople2.exposed(expose)tocholera,a3.deadly(die)diseaseofitsday.Manythousandsofpeopledied4.whenevertherewasanoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofit.Johnwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hegotinterestedintwotheories5.explaining(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheory6.that/whichsuggestedthatpeople7.absorbed(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854,whenanotheroutbreakhitLondon,hewasreadytotest8.thetwotheories.9.Withthehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas10.to_blame(blame)．“KingCholera”wasfinallydefeated.Ⅳ.串點(diǎn)成篇微表達(dá)上個(gè)月，我們社區(qū)發(fā)生了一系列(aseriesof)案件(case)。我們懷疑(suspect)有人從窗戶或門口進(jìn)入到房間。我們從中得出結(jié)論(drawaconclusion)應(yīng)及時(shí)關(guān)窗鎖門。除此之外，我們也提出(putforward)了一些有用的(practical)建議來改正(cure)我們的不良習(xí)慣。首先，外出時(shí)，不要將這一信息透露(expose)給任何人；其次，門衛(wèi)應(yīng)多加注意；最后(inconclusion)，大家都應(yīng)為我們社區(qū)承擔(dān)責(zé)任(taketheblamefor)。A_series_of_cases_happened_in_our_community_last_month._We_suspected_someone_of_having_entered_the_room_through_windows_or_doors,_from_which_we_drew_a_conclusion_that_doors_and_windows_should_be_locked_in_time._Besides,_we_also_put_forward_several_practical_suggestions_to_cure_us_of_our_bad_habits._First,_you_should_not_expose_this_information_to_anyone_when_out._Second,_the_guards_should_pay_more_attention._In_conclusion,_everyone_should_take_the_blame_for_our_community.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull__1__ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot__2__onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthority(權(quán)威)astheonly__3__fortruth.Healways__4__ideascarefullyandmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseof__5__sciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto__6__asfarbackasthe__7__ofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)ofOxford,wholived__8__theyears1214and1292.Hewasprobablythefirstinthemiddle__9__tosuggestthatwemustlearnscience__10__observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself__11__manyimportantdiscoveries.Galileo，however，wholivedabout300yearslater(1564～1642),thegreatestofseveralgreatmen,__12__livedinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland,beganby__13__toshowhowmanyimportant__14__couldbediscoveredbyobservation.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore__15__towardstheearththansmallones,__16__Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe__17__oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo__18__ironballsandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo's__19__ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingout__20__andtheoriesbyexperimentthathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.語篇解讀：本文為一篇說明文。說明一個(gè)成功的科學(xué)家必須是一個(gè)好的觀察者，其次還需具備一些素養(yǎng)。1．A.use B．timeC．speed D．trust解析：選Amakefulluseof“充分利用……”。2．A.worked B．basedC．lived D．written解析：選Bbebasedon“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。3．A.reason B．causeC．a(chǎn)dvice D．result解析：選A空格后的for暗示應(yīng)選reason。thereasonfor...“……的理由”；thecauseof...“……的起因”，兩者皆為習(xí)慣搭配。4．A.thinks B．checksC．has D．learns解析：選B后文“做實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明這些想法”暗示應(yīng)用check，意為“核實(shí)；核查”。5．A.natural B．physicalC．a(chǎn)ncient D．modern解析：選Dtheriseofmodernscience“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的崛起”。根據(jù)下文RogerBacon提出通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來了解科學(xué)可知。本文最后一句中的modernscience也是提示。6．A.date B．keepC．look D．take解析：選A此處date用作動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成dateback短語，意為“追溯到……”。keepback“隱瞞；阻止”；lookback“回顧”；takeback“收回”。7．A.study B．timeC．year D．birth解析：選B追溯到這位科學(xué)家所生活的時(shí)代。time此處意為“時(shí)代”。8．A.both B．eachC．between D．a(chǎn)mong解析：選Cbetween...and...“在……和……之間”。9．A.schools B．a(chǎn)gesC．days D．countries解析：選Binthemiddleages“在中世紀(jì)”。10．A.in B．withC．on D．by解析：選Dbydoingsth.“通過做某事”。by表示方法、手段，意為“靠……；用……”。11．A.did B．madeC．took D．gave解析：選Bmakemanyimportantdiscoveries“做出許多重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)”。makeadiscovery(＝discover)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。12．A.who B．whenC．that D．where解析：選Awho在此引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞severalgreatmen。13．A.ways B．degreesC．levels D．chance解析：選Bbydegrees“逐漸地；漸漸地”；bychance“偶然”。承接上文應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。14．A.truths B．problemsC．people D．subjects解析：選A根據(jù)詞義及語境可知選truths，表示“真理”。15．A.slowly B．rapidlyC．lightly D