高中英語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)精講配套練習(xí)和答案

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“（absoluteconstruction）又叫“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”。由于在語法上有自己的邏輯主語，結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此傳統(tǒng)語法叫做“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可放于句首、句尾，用逗號和主句隔開。（一）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為兩部分，形式為：基本形式是：名詞普通格/代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語。.名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動進行的動作或狀態(tài)等。例：Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.注：“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”中的being或havingbeen有時可以省去，形成一種名詞或代詞+名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。.名詞/代詞+過去分詞過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成的動作或所處的一種狀態(tài)。例：Theboylayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.Thejobnotfinished,wecouldn,tseethefilm.Hershirtcaughtonanail,shecouldnotmove..名詞/代詞+不定式不定式表示的是將來的動作。Thesearethefirsttwobooks,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Weshallgettogetherat7:30,theprocession（游行）tostartmovingat8sharp..名詞/代詞+名詞名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語。例：Manypeoplejoinedinthework,someofthemwomenandchildren.Hefoughtthetiger,astickhisonlyweapon..名詞/代詞+形容詞短語形容詞（短語）說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，原因等。例：Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.Iheardthatshegotinjuredintheaccident,myheartfullofsorry.這兩個句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就變成了現(xiàn)在分詞分句。.名詞/代詞+副詞副詞說明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。例：Themeetingover,weallwenthome.Nobodyin,heleftamessageontheboard..名詞/代詞+介詞短語介詞短語說明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式或者狀態(tài)。例：Theteachercamein,abookunderhisarm.Nobodyathome,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.(二)with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于在前述各種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前加上with，因此，一般認為這也是一種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【例】Awomangotonthebus，withababyaroundherarms.Theteachercameinwithseveralstudentsfollowingbehind.Withalotofthingstodealwith,hewillhaveadifficulttime.Helefttheofficewiththelightson.Maryrushedoutofthehousewiththedooropen.【例】AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboystogotoschool.tobeencouragedC)beingencouragedbeenencouragedD)beencouraged介詞with引出分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動作或補充說明。所以，答案是C)beingencouraged。選項A)tobeencouraged是動詞不定式，forhertodo是動詞不定式短語，常做目的狀語，不能引出陪襯性動作。選項B)beenencouraged和D)beencouraged這兩種形式都不能與with構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)做補語。非謂語動詞與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)綜合練習(xí)prettylate,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn,twanttoriskmissingthelastbus.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.AsisbeingD.ItwasbeingThearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.istomakeC.makingD.madeNowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.A.combineB.combinedC.beingcombinedD.havingcombinedAnyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue.A.wasB.beingC.wouldbeD.tobeThepressurecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.A.tocompeteB.competingC.tobecompetedD.havingcompetedThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeTheprojectbytheendof2000willexpandthecity,stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingbeenaccomplishedWiththedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowersbeforetheirtime.A.bebloomedB.bloomC.bloomedD.bloomingnanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.Thegirl,sbeingeducatedD.ThegirltobeeducatedWhatalovelyparty!Itisworthallmylife.A.rememberingB.torememberC.toberememberedD.beingrememberedAsearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown50householdsormore.A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghadThiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.A.beingB.beenC.tobeD.havingbeenWhilethesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionsofinformationbacktoearth.A.havingorbitedB.beingorbitedC.havingbeenorbitedD.orbitingThehousewasveryquiet,itwasonthesideofamountain.A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolatedYouwillseethisproductwhereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertisingAllthings,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsideredApartfromcaringforherchildren,shehastotakeonsuchheavyhouseworkascarryingwaterandfirewood.A.time-consumedB.timely-consumedC.time-consumingD.timely-consumingProfessorWang,forhisinformativelectures,waswarmlyreceivedbyhisstudents.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.knownD.havingknownWeleftthemeeting,thereobviouslynopointinstaying.A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.havingtheirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.A.TohavereviewedB.HavingreviewedC.ReviewingD.BeingreviewedIdon'tmindthedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomakeYourhairwants.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.beingcutTheprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobasetheearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.BeingBelievedateacheri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