河南省鄭州市-高二英語下學(xué)期第三次月考試題（期末模擬）

河南省鄭州市2021-2022學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期第三次月考試題（期末模擬）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）AInstitutionsandindividualscansubscribetoJournalofScience（JS）eitherbyprintoronline．OrderingProceduresBothinstitutionsandindividualscancompletetheirorderformandsubmitpaymenttostarttheirprintand/oronlinesubscription．Thosewhochoosetheprintversionreceiveaccesstotheonlineserviceaswell．Theymayalsosubscribetoonline-onlyaccesstoJS．Oncethepublisherhasreceivedpayment，theinstitutionorindividualwillbeginreceivingtheprintjournaliftheyordertheprintoption．Theywillreceiveane-mailwithinstructionsforobtainingaccesstotheonlineedition．Thee-mailwilldirectthemtoanonlineform．TheywillbeaskedtoprovidethefollowinginformationnecessarytoactivatetheirsubscriptiontoJS：Institutions·Contactname,title,phone,fax,andemail·Customernumber（receivedviaemail）·Institution'sIPAddress（es）Individuals·Ausernameandpasswordthatyoucaneasilyremember·Yourname,phonenumber,andemailaddress·Yourcustomernumber（receivedviaemail）Withtheirsubscription,theywillreceive10issuesperyearoftheJSinadditiontoaccesstotablesofcontents,abstracts,fulltextsearching,fulltextdisplay,andPDFs,fullaccesstoallpostedbackcontentto1860，foraslongasthesubscriptionisactive．Forinstitutions,accessislimitedtocomputerswithinaparticularsetofInternetIPaddresses．IndividualswillenjoytheadvantageofhavingpasswordaccesstoJSfromanydeviceconnectedtotheInternet．Withoutasubscription,accesstotablesofcontentsandabstractsisavailable．PurchasingIndividualIssuesorArticlesYoucanpurchaseaccesstoindividualJSissuesorarticles．Browsethroughourcurrentonlinecontentorourarchive（goingbackto1860），selectthearticleyouwantaccessto,andclickAddtoCart．Youwillbepromptedtocreateanaccountatthistimeifyoudon'talreadyhaveone．Purchasescanbemadebyvisitingouronlinestore:https://epay．ustore．edu/js．21．Whatistheprocedureforonline-onlysubscription？①completeanorderform②receiveanemailwithinstructions③activatethesubscription④submitpaymentA．③①②④B．①④②③C．①④③②D．④①②③22．HowmuchdoesitcostastudentinBeijingtosubscribetobothprintandonlineversionsofJS2022？A．$80．B．$85．C．$90．D．$125．23．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Thosewhosubscribetotheprintversionhavenoaccesstoonlineservice．B．Individualarticlesarenotavailableunlessyoumakeayearlysubscription．C．ThereisnolimitonInternetIPaddressesforeitherinstitutionsorindividuals．D．Peoplehaveaccesstotablesofcontentsandabstractsevenwithoutsubscription．BIgrewupinAlgeriaandasafemale,I’vehadtopayanextrapricethroughoutmyscientificjourneyasaresult.Iknewstudyingabroadwouldbekeytomysuccess,soIwasextremelyexcitedwhenIwonascholarshiptoattendaBritishuniversityforgraduateschool.Buttherewasonecondition:IneededtotakeanEnglishtest.IwasfluentinArabicandFrench,thelanguagesspokeninAlgeria,butIdidn’thaveasolidgraspofEnglish.Ilearnedithardbutdidn’tscorehighenoughtosecureentrance.IhadtostayinAlgeriatocompleteamaster’sdegreeinstead.ButIkeptlearningEnglishonmyown.Twoyearslater,IearnedaPh.D.scholarshiptostudyinSwitzerland.MidwaythroughmyPh.D.,aprofessorremarked,“Youarequiteproductive,butwhydon’tyoupublishintheregularjournalsinourfield?”Shocked,Iresponded,“Whatdoyoumeanbyregularjournals?”HegaveafewexamplesofalljournalsdominatedbyresearchersfromtheGlobalNorth.Ihadbeenpublishingmypapersinspecialized,low-impactjournals.Thatwascountedasagreatachievementinmyhomecountry,whereevenprofessorsstruggletogetpublished.Now,IrealizedthatthescientificaccomplishmentsabroadIwasproudofwereregardedasbelowaverageatbest.Theprofessor’scommentheartenedmetoadjustmyresearchtoaddressissuesofbroaderinterest.BythetimeIgraduated,Ihadstartedpublishinginso-called“regular”journals,whichhelpedmelandapostdoctoraldegreeinCanada.Itoldallthistothemembersofmylab,addingthattheywereprivilegedtogrowupspeakingEnglishandhaveaccesstotremendousexpertiseandfunding.Facingglobalinequities,I’vestartedtotryusingapreprintservertointegrateanEnglishlanguageproofing（校對）systemintoitsplatform,whichwouldconnectauthorswhoneedlanguagehelp.Wecantakestepstomaketheglobalscientificcommunitymoreinclusive.AndIwanttobepartofthatpushforchange.24.WhywastheauthorunabletogotoaBritishuniversity?A.Shedidn’tlearnEnglish.B.ShefailedtheEnglishtest.C.Shelackedamaster’sdegree.D.Shegotthelowestentrancescore.25.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecommentoftheprofessorinSwitzerland?A.Confusing.B.Heartless.C.Regular.D.Inspiring.26.What’stheaimofthepreprintserver?A.Toaidthosewhoneedhelpwithlanguage.B.Tomaketheglobalcommunitymoreinclusive.C.TosetupaplatformwhereEnglishauthorswrite.D.ToestablishanEnglishlanguageproofingsystem.27.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Honestandathletic.B.Humbleandconsiderate.C.Strong-willedandpositive.D.Energeticandsympathetic.CInautumn2021,asleadersfromacrosstheglobegatheredonGlasgowtotalkabouttheimpactofhuman-causedclimatechange,agroupofartists,architectsandresearchersinAustraliacameawaytodocumenttheplanet’sendbystoringdatainamassivemetalstoneinTasmania.KnownasEarth’sBlackBox,theproject,equalpartsartinstallationandtimecapsule,aimstodocumentthephysicalchangescausedbyglobalwarmingandhumanity’sgeopoliticalresponsetothem.Theinstallation’snameisanodtoacommonaviationpractice.Thecommercialairplaneandprivateaircraftareequippedwitha“blackbox”,amechanismthatautomaticallylogsimportantflightdetailslikealtitude,airspeedandequipmentfunctionality.Theseboxes,whichareusuallybrightorangeratherthanblack,aredesignedtowithstandextremetemperaturesaswellasimmenseamountsofforceandpressure.Theyaresometimestheonlyobjectsthatsurviveaplanecrashintact,allowinginvestigatorstoreconstructatimelineofwhatwentwrongintheaftermath.Earth’sBlackBoxdrawsinspirationfromthesemechanisms.Thevault（穹頂）willbemadefromspeciallydesigned,3-inch-thickreinforcedsteel,chosenforitsresistancetofireandwaterdamageaswellasitstoughnessandfirmness.AlongwiththeUniversityofTasmaniaandacollectiveofartists,anAustraliancommunicationsfirmplanstobuildthe33-foot-longvaultinaremotepartofwesternTasmania.Theychosethelocationforitsrelativegeologicalandgeopoliticalstability.Unlikeanairplane’sflightrecorder,however,Earth’sBlackBoxisnotmeanttowithstandtotalplanetarydestruction.IfEarthweretosomehowexplode,forinstance,itprobablywouldn’tsurvive.Instead,theartistsanddatascientistsbehindtheprojectthinkofitasawaytologtheprogressionofEarth’scurrentecologicalcollapse,whichisalreadyprofoundlychangingtheenvironment.“Atitscore,theboxisintendedtobeasymbolofthedisastroussituationwefindourselvesin,”saysCurtis,anexpertontheproject.“Andmoreimportantly,it’sintendedtoholdourleaderstoaccountbybeinganunmissablestructurethatremindsthemthattheiractionsorinactionwillberecordedforgenerationstocome.”28.WhatisthepurposeofEarth’sBlackBox?A.Tokeeparecord.B.Toperformmonitoring.C.Tohandledownloads.D.Tomakepredictions.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intact”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Brightandcolorful.B.Inactiveanddisconnected.C.Completeandundamaged.D.Importantandmultifunctional.30.HowisthesteelusedtobuildtheEarth’sBlackBox’svault?A.Leaky,toughandfirm.B.Hot,breakableandexplosive.C.Water-resistant,heat-resistingandsolid.D.Damp,physicallystableandeco-friendly.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GlobalLeadersAreAimingatGlobalWarmingB.Human-causedClimateChangeIsHavingaBigImpactC.Earth’sBlackBoxCanSaveUsfromDisastrousSituationsD.Earth’sBlackBoxWarnsofItsEndDuetoClimateChangeDMicroplastics-tinypiecesofplasticwastelessthanfivemillimetreslongthathavebeendegradedbywaves,windandultravioletrays-havebeendiscoveredinthedeepestoceanictrenchesandwithinthestomachsoftheorganismsthatlivethere,butwehavelittleideaaboutwherethegreatmajorityofthemendup．Morethaneightmilliontonnesofplasticentersouroceanseveryyear,comprisingbetween80and85percentofallmarinetrash,butwithinadequatedata,thereareconcernsthatthesefigurescouldbeunderestimates．Currently,mostofthedatawehaveonmicroplasticsareaccidentallycapturedbyresearchships,whichuseplankton浮游生物netstocollectmarine-microorganismsamples．However,researchersChristopherRufandMadelineEvansfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavediscoveredaninnovativewaytoidentifyandtrackconcentrationsofmicroplasticsintheocean．ThetechniquereliesonNASA'sCycloneGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem（CYGNSS），aconstellation星座ofeightmicro-satellitesusedtopredicthurricanesthatcalculatewindspeedsabovetheoceanbymeasuringtheroughnessofsurfacewaters．Asthesatellitesarecontinuouslyrecording,RufandEvansrealisedthattheycollectagreatdealofadditionaldata．Itwaswhileanalysingthesedatathattheynoticedsomedifferencestimeswherethesurfaceoftheoceanappearedtobemuchsmootherthanitshould,giventheprevailingwind（盛行風(fēng)）conditions．Knowingthatwaterisn'troughenedasmuchwhenitcontainsalotoffloatingmaterial,RufandEvansidentifiedapatternthatlinkedareasofunusualsmoothnessandpredictedmicroplasticdistributions．Theyfoundthatthedifferencebetweentheirmeasurements,andhowmuchrougherthesurfacewouldbeifwindsofthesamespeedwereblowingacrossclearwater,was"highlycorrelatedwiththepresenceofmicroplastics,andthedegreeofthedifferencealsocorrelatedwiththeconcentrationoftheplastics．”Theresearchrevealsthatthereareseasonalvariations,wheretheconcentrationsofmicroplasticstendtobehigherinthesummerandlowerinthewinterinaveryclean,periodicway,whichRufexplainsmirrorsthewayinwhichtheoceancirculationchangesthroughouttheyear．Italsoconfirms,aswaspreviouslythought,thatriversarethemainsourceofoceanmicroplastics．Raisingawarenessoftheissueofoceanmicroplasticsamongthepublicandpoliticiansisjustoneoftheresearchers'futureaims；theyarealsoinconversationwithDutchnon-profitTheOceanCleanupandFinnishclean-technologyspecialistClewat,whichareinterestedinusingtheinformationtomoreefficientlytargettheirtrash-collectioncampaigns．Sofar,onlyoneyear'sworthofdatahavebeenprocessedsinceCYGNSSwaslaunchedin2016．Bylookingatalongertimeperiod,RufandEvansaimtodeterminewhethertheseasonalpatternisrepeatable,andwhethertheconcentrationofmicroplasticsintheoceanisgettingworse．32．WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout？A．Thelimitedknowledgeaboutoceanmicroplastics．B．Theharmofoceanmicroplasticstoseacreatures．C．Themethodsofdegradingoceanmicroplastics．D．Thepreviousresearchonoceanmicroplastics．33．Accordingtothepassage,CYGNSS________.A．hasoffereddataabouttherepeatableseasonalpatternB．guidesresearchshipstogatherdataaboutseaanimalsC．providesunexpecteddataaboutthechangesofseasurfaceD．wasdesignedtomeasurethedistributionofoceanmicroplastics34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A．Microplasticswillendupinthestomachsoftheoceanorganisms．B．Microplasticsplayavitalroleintheyearlyoceancirculationchanges．C．Thesurfaceoftheoceancangetsmootherwithmoremicroplasticsinit．D．Thenewwayoftrackingmicroplasticshashelpedpreventoceanpollution．35．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A．TointroducethetechnologyofCYGNSS．B．Topresentawaytostudyoceanmicroplastics．C．Totestanassumptiononoceanmicroplastics．D．Toproposeanewmeansofprotectingtheocean．第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Picturethis:you'vejustsettledintoyourworkdayandpulledupthatbigreportyouneedtofinish,whenafriendsendsyouacoupleofcelebrityvideosonWeChat.36Andthenthenextthingyouknow,anhourhasgonebywhilethatbigreportsits,ignored,onyourdesk.Sohowdoesthathappen?Tounderstandthis,weconductedaseriesofstudieswith6,445people.Throughthisresearch,weidentifiedthreefactors:theamountofmediathepersonhasalreadyviewed,thesimilarityofthemediathey'veviewed,andthemannerinwhichtheyviewedthemedia.Wefoundtheorderandtypesofcontentweconsumecanaffectourdecisiontokeepconsumingsimilarcontent.Butwhatdrivesthiseffect?37Whensomethingfeelsmoreaccessible,itbecomeseasiertoprocess,leadingustoenjoyitmore.Theseresultsalsoexplainwhyit'ssoeasytogetdistractedbyappsonsocialmediaatwork.38Theyofferbite-sizedcontentthatmakesiteasytoquicklyconsumeseveralvideosinarow.Theyoftenautomaticallysuggestsimilarcontent,andmanyofthemevenautomaticallystartplayingsimilarvideos,reducingthepotentialforinterruptions.39Tofightthepull,makeanefforttojustwatchonevideo.Ifyoureallywanttowatchmultipleinarow,choosevideosthatseemunrelated.Youcanalsouseasocialmediatimerthaturgesyoutotakeabreakafteracertainamountoftime,orevenjustconsciouslyremindyourselftoconsumedifferentkindsofcontent.So,ifyou'restrugglingtoclimboutofarabbithole,trytofindwaystoreducethesimilarity,repetitiveness,andrelatednessofthecontentyou'reconsuming.40Onceyoumanagetobreakfree,you'llbebackatthatbigreportinnotime.A.Itcanbedifficult,butit'snotimpossible.B.Youfigureyou'lljusttakeafewminutestowatchthem.C.Accessibilityreferstohowfamiliaragivenkindofcontentfeels.D.Theseplatformsaredesignedtotrapviewersinasocialmediarabbithole.E.Priorresearchsuggeststhatthethreefactorsallincreasetheaccessibilityofsimilarmedia.F.Thegoodnewsis,abetterunderstandingoftheproblemcangiveusthetoolstoescapeit.G.Thiswillbecomeaproblemifitkeepsyoufromdoingthethingsyouactuallywanttobedoing.第三部分：語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。GoldenGenerationAnationalteam,mostlyconsistingofteenagers,pushedChinatoitsbiggest-evermedalachievementattheWinterOlympics.Atthesametime,aseriesofbreakthroughsattheGames41thecountry'semergenceasamuchmorewell-roundedforceontheiceandsnow.42theheroicsofteenagesensationGuAilingandseasonedaerials（空中技巧滑雪）mastersXuMengtaoandQiGuangpu,China43fourgoldtotopthefreestyleskiingmedalstandingsforthefirsttimeafteritsWinterOlympicdebutin1980.GuAilingalsobecamethefirstathlete44,andtheyoungest45,towinthreemedals（goldsinBigAir,halfpipeandsilverinslopestyle）inthreedifferentfreeski46attheOlympics,throwinghertointernationalsuper-starreputationasthe47ofBeijing2022.Needlesstosay,anotherteenagerstar,SuYiming,alsobecamea48namebywinningChina'sfirstsnowboardinggoldmedalinBigAirafterclaimingasilverinslopestyle.Su's49helpedthehostfinishahighest-everthirdontheGames'overallmedalstandings,50gold,foursilverandtwobronze-itsbiggest-evermedalachievementattheWinterGames.China's51bestwasatallyof11,includingfivegold,atthe2010GamesinVancouver."The52ofthenewgenerationontheOlympicstage,evenseeingtheemergenceofteenagers,53agreatfutureforwintersportsinourcountry,"saidLiYang,managerofChina'sBigAir,slopestyleandhalfpipenationalprograms."Withwintersportsbecomingpopularinourcountryamidthefastsocialand54development,Ibelievemoreandmoreyoungpeoplewill55skisandsnowboardstoenjoythesport,justasyoungasSuandGudidwhentheywerelittle,whichwill56expandthetalentpoolforourfuturenationalprograms,"Lisaid.TheBeijingWinterGamesalso57thefirsttimethatChina'ssnowsportsteamsoutperformedthecountry'straditionallystrongicesportssquadsinthemedalnumbers,securinginvestmentinhigh-performancetrainingprogramsand58thefoundationforevenbetterresultsatthenextWinterGamesinItaly."59wekeepthetendencygoing,Ibelievewewill60astrongerperformanceinfouryears'timeatthenextOlympicsin2026,"saidYangYang,China'sfirstWinterOlympicgoldmedalist,inwomen'sshort-trackspeedskatingatthe2002Games.41.A.specializesB.signalsC.swallowsD.subscribes42.A.ThankstoB.InadditiontoC.RegardlessofD.Intermsof43.A.confirmedB.concludesC.clarifiesD.claimed44.A.indetailB.inhistoryC.bynatureD.withpride45.A.everB.neverC.alreadyD.yet46.A.incidentsB.eventsC.affairsD.issues47.A.accessB.startC.faceD.popularity48.A.civilizationB.teenageC.householdD.education49.A.performanceB.knowledgeC.conceptD.ambition50.A.onB.atC.ofD.with51.A.typicalB.fortunateC.relevantD.previous52.A.riseB.professionC.conventionD.explosion53.A.accountsB.representsC.estimatesD.recommends54.A.agriculturalB.historicalC.economicD.natural55.A.holdupB.breakupC.getupD.pickup56.A.deeplyB.greatlyC.thoroughlyD.countlessly57.A.signedB.allowedC.followedD.marked58.A.lyingB.shakingC.layingD.rocking59.A.AslongasB.IfonlyC.AsfarasD.Inthat60.A.focusB.impressC.witnessD.observe第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)注的單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China’sLatestCraze:ScriptedMurdersIncitiesthroughoutChina,youngpeopleareflockingtoclubstoplayagamethatcanbetranslatedas“scriptedhomicide”,61theybecomedifferentcharactersandspendhourssolvingfakemurders.“Scriptedhomicidesgain62(popular)amongtheyouth.However,there’sahugedemandforgoodscripsthat63(be)justnotmet,”saidZhangYi,28,aShanghairesidentwhoplayedmorethan90gamesi