Incoterms2010前言中英對(duì)照

Copyright2010InternationalChamberofCommerceAllrightsreserved.ThiscollectiveworkwasinitiatedbyICCwhichholdsallrightsasdefinedbytheFrenchCodeofIntellectualProperty.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedorcopiedinanyformorbyanymeans–graphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingphotocopying,scanning,recording,taping,orinformationretrievalsystems–withoutwrittenpermissionofICCServices,PublicationsDepartment.onsCCPublicationNoECONTENTSForeword4前言4Introduction5引言5INCOTERMS2010Rulesforanymodeormodesoftransport15適用于所有運(yùn)輸方式的規(guī)則15EXW15工廠交貨15FCA23貨交承運(yùn)人23CPT33運(yùn)費(fèi)付至33CIP41運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至41DAT53終點(diǎn)站交貨53RDAP61地點(diǎn)交貨61DDP69完稅交貨69只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸?shù)囊?guī)則船邊交貨79FOB87船上交貨87CFR95成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)95CIF105成本運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)cotermsDraftingGroupICCDisputeResolution124爭(zhēng)議解版權(quán)聲明和商標(biāo)使用規(guī)則簡(jiǎn)介125ICCataglance126oducts一覽ICCpublicationforglobalbusiness128全球商業(yè)出版社beforetomarketsallovertheworld.Goodsaresoldinmoreinlargequantitiesandvolumeandcomplexityofglobalnotadequatelydrafted.heICCrulesontheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms,facilitatetheconductofglobalotermsnsandreducestheriskoflications全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化使得商業(yè)通向世界各地市場(chǎng)的途徑空前寬廣。各然而，隨著全球貿(mào)易數(shù)額的增加和貿(mào)易復(fù)雜性的加強(qiáng),因貿(mào)易合同起草不恰當(dāng)而帶來的誤解和高代價(jià)爭(zhēng)釋通則，國(guó)際商會(huì)規(guī)則在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易用語的使用促進(jìn)了全球貿(mào)易的進(jìn)行。在貿(mào)易合同中引用國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010可明確界定各方義務(wù)并降SincethecreationoftheIncotermsrulesbyICCin1936,thisgloballyacceptedcontractualstandardhasbeenregularlyupdatedtokeeppacewiththedeTheIncoterms2010rulestakeinthemovementofgoodsandreducingthetotalnumberofrulesandclearerpresentationofallthefirstversionoftheIncotermsrulesllersgenderneutralwdrawnfromallpartsoftheworldandalltradesectors,ensuresthattheIncoterms2010rulesrespond國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則之后，此項(xiàng)在全球范圍內(nèi)被采用的合同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就經(jīng)常性地更新?lián)Q代，與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展步調(diào)一致。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010考慮了免稅貿(mào)易區(qū)的不斷增加，電子溝通在商務(wù)中的不斷增多，以及被更加重視的貨物運(yùn)輸中的安全和變化等問題。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010更新并加強(qiáng)了述更加簡(jiǎn)潔明確。國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解所有在買賣雙方中的適用保持中立和實(shí)踐委員會(huì)成員來自世界各地和多個(gè)貿(mào)易部門，該委員會(huì)廣泛的專業(yè)技能確保了國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則2010與各地的商貿(mào)需求相適應(yīng)。ICCwouldliketoexpressitsgratitudetothemembersoftheCommissionchairedbyFabioBortolotti(Italy),totheDraftingBredow(Germany),JohnnyLauriRailas(Finland),Frank大利)的商法和實(shí)踐委員會(huì)的成員 則的表述給予幫助的AskoRaty (芬蘭)致謝。INTRODUCTIONTheIncoterms?rulesexplainasetofthree-lettertradetermsreflectingncontractsforthesaleofgoods.Thetermsrulesdescribemainlythe1.IncorporatetheIncoterms?2010rulesintoyourcontractofsaleIfyouwanttheIncoterms?2010rulestoapplytoyourcontract,youshouldmakethisclearinthecontract,throughsuchwordsas,“[thechosenIncotermsruleincludingthenamedopriateIncotermsruleThechosenIncotermsruleneedstobeappropriatetothegoods,tothemeansoftheirtransport,andabovealltowhetherthepartiesintendtoputadditionalobligations,Incoterms?規(guī)則規(guī)定了一系列在貨物銷售商業(yè)合同實(shí)踐中使用的三字母系列貿(mào)從賣方到買方運(yùn)輸過程中涉及的責(zé)任，應(yīng)在合同中明確表明，例如：所選擇的的運(yùn)輸方式相適宜，最重要的是合同雙forexamplesuchastheobligationtoorganizecarriageorinsurance,ontheinformationthatisparticularlyhelpfulwhenmakingthischoice.WhicheverIncotermsruleischosen,thepartiesshouldbeawaretheinterpretationofntractmaywellbeinfluencedbycustomsparticulartotheportorplace3.SpecifyyourplaceorportasThechosenIncotermsrulecanworkonlyifthepartiesnameaplaceorport,andwillworkbestifthepartiesspecifytheplaceorportaspreciselyas“FCA38CoursAlbert1er,Paris,FranceIncoterms2010”.UndertheIncotermsruleExWorks(EXW),FreeCarrier(FCA),DeliveredatTerminal(DAT),DeliveredPlaceDAPDeliveredDuty例如將辦理運(yùn)輸或保險(xiǎn)的義務(wù)加于買方或賣方。每個(gè)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的指導(dǎo)性解釋中的信息對(duì)作出如此的決定非常有幫助。意識(shí)到對(duì)合同的解釋會(huì)受到使用的港口3.盡可能精準(zhǔn)地描述你方地址或港口名稱只有當(dāng)事人雙方選定特定的一個(gè)收貨地或港口時(shí)，所選術(shù)語才能發(fā)揮作用。地有效。以下精準(zhǔn)描述就是一個(gè)很好的例EXW工廠交貨(……指定地點(diǎn))FCA貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn))”DAT終點(diǎn)站交貨(……指定目的地)DAP地點(diǎn)交貨(……指定目的地)DDP完稅后交貨(……指定目的地)FreeAlongsideShipFASandFreeonBoard(FOB),thenamedplaceistheandwhereriskpassesfromthesellertotheUndertheIncotermsruleCarriagePaidto(CPT),CarriageandInsurancePaidto(CIP),CostandFreight(CFR)andCost,InsuranceandFreight(CIF),thenamedplacediffersfromtheplaceofdelivery.UnderthesefourIncotermsrules,thenamedplaceistheplaceofdestinationtowhichcarriageispaid.Indicationsastoplaceordestinationcanhelpfullybefurtherspecifiedbystatingaprecisepointinthatplaceordestinationinordertoavoiddoubtorargument.cotermsrulesdoIncotermsrulesdosaywhichpartytothesalecontracthastheobligationtomakecarriageorinsurancearrangements,whenthesellerdeliversichcostseachpartyisresponsiblefor.FAS船邊交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)FOB船上交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)此處所指地點(diǎn)為交貨地點(diǎn)，同時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方CPT運(yùn)費(fèi)付至(……指定目的地)CFR成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)CIF成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)所指地點(diǎn)隨交貨地不同而不同。在這些為了避免疑問和爭(zhēng)議，指定地點(diǎn)或目的地可以進(jìn)一步闡述為一個(gè)精確的地點(diǎn)。供一份完整的銷售合同Incoterm規(guī)則確有闡述銷售合同中當(dāng)事人的特定義務(wù)，當(dāng)賣方將貨物運(yùn)至買方時(shí)，辦理運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)義務(wù)的承擔(dān)。ofitspayment.Neitherdotheydealwiththetransferofownershipoftheofcontract.Thesemattersarenormallydealtwiththroughexpresstermsinthecontractofsaleorinthelawgoverningthatcontract.ThepartiesshouldbeawarethatmandatorylocallawmayincludingthechosenIncotermsrules.MainfeaturesoftheIncotermrules1.TwonewIncotermsrules—DATandDAP—havereplacedtheIncoterms2000rulesDAF,DES,DEQreducedfrom13to11.Thishasbeenachievedbysubstitutingtworulesthatmaybeusedirrespectiveoftheagreedmodeoftransport—DAT,DeliveredatTerminal,andDAP,DeliveredatPlace—fortheincoterms2000rules格或付款方式的規(guī)定，或是貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移，違約的后果等。這些問題通常是通過銷售合同的明示條款和適用的法律條文來解決。當(dāng)事人需要注意的是，當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)制適用的法律有可能優(yōu)先于銷售貿(mào)易術(shù)語的數(shù)量從原來的13個(gè)減少到已議定的運(yùn)輸模式的新術(shù)語——DAT，DAP定地交貨——代Underbothnewrules,deliveryoccursatanameddestination:inDAT,atthearrivingvehicle(asundertheformerDEQrule);inDAP,likewiseatthebuyer’sdisposal,butreadyforunloading(asundertheformerrulesDESandDEQsuperfluous.ThenamedterminalinDATmaywellbeinaport,andDATcanthereforesafelybearriving“vehicle”underDAPmaywellbeashipandthenamedplaceofdestinationmaywellbeaport:lethanthoserelatedtoimportclearance,whereapplicable)andrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodstothenamedplacedestination2.Classificationofthe11Incoterms?DAT和DAP術(shù)語都規(guī)定需在指定地點(diǎn)下貨物交由買方處置(這和先前的DEQ術(shù)語一樣)；在DAP情況下同樣交由買方處置，但需做好卸貨的準(zhǔn)備(這和先地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于在是輪船，而目的地也可以是港口，因此適用的情況。這兩個(gè)新的術(shù)語，和先前的幾個(gè)術(shù)語一樣，是由賣方承擔(dān)所有費(fèi)用(除了與進(jìn)口清算有關(guān)的費(fèi)用)和貨物到達(dá)目的地前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。類 RULESFORANYMODEORMODES OFTRANSPOTR EXWEXWORKSFCAFREECARRIERCPTCARRIAGEPAIDTOCIPCARRIAGECIPINSURANCEPAIDTODATDELIVEREDATTERMINALDAPDELIVEREDATPLACEDDPDELIVEREDDUTYPAID RULESFORSEAANDINLAND WATERWAYTRANSPORT FREEALONGSIDEFREEALONGSIDEFREEONBOARDSHIPFOBCFRCOSTANDFREIGHTCIFCOSTINSURANCEANDFREIGHTEXW工廠交貨FCA貨交承運(yùn)人CPT運(yùn)費(fèi)付至CIP運(yùn)費(fèi)及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至DATDAP所在地交貨完稅后交貨FAS船邊交貨FOB船上交貨CFR成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)CIF成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi)Thefirstclassincludesthesevenirrespectiveofthemodeoftransportormorethanonemodeoftransportisemployed.EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,canbeusedevenwhenthereisnomaritimetransportatall.Itisimportanttoremember,however,thatshipisusedforpartofthecarriage.etowhichthegoodsarecarriedtothebuyerarebothports,hencethelabel“seaandinlandwaterway”rules.FAS,OBCFRandCIFbelongtothisclassUnderthelastthreeIncotermsrules,allmentionoftheship’srailasthepointofdeliveryhasbeenomittedinpreferenceare“onboard”thevessel.Thismorecloselyreflectsmoderncommercialrealityandavoidstheratherdated imageoftheriskswingingtoandfroine第一種分類中的七種貿(mào)易術(shù)語不用考慮所選用運(yùn)輸方式的種類。屬于第一種分類。它們甚至可以運(yùn)用于沒有海上運(yùn)輸?shù)那闆r下。謹(jǐn)記只要運(yùn)輸中一個(gè)部分運(yùn)用過船只便可以適用此類在第二類術(shù)語中，交貨點(diǎn)和把貨物送達(dá)CIF都屬于這一類。最后的三個(gè)術(shù)語，刪除了以越過船舷為交貨標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而代之以將貨物裝運(yùn)上船。這更準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)現(xiàn)實(shí)，避了以往風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圍繞船舷這線來回?fù)u擺。3.RulesfordomesticandinternationaltradeIncotermsruleshavetraditionallybeenationalsalecontractswheregoodspassacrossnationalboarders.Invariousareasoftheworld,ertradeblocsliketheEuropeanUnion,havemadeborderformalitiesbetweendifferentcountrieslessgnificantConsequentlythesubtitleoftheIncoterms?2010rulesformallyrecognizethattheyareavailableforapplicationtobothinternationalandsclearlystateinanumberofplacesthattheobligationtocomplywithexport/importformalitiesCthatamovementinthisdirectionistimely.Firstly,traderscommonlyusegreaterwillingnessintheUnitesStatestouseIncotermrulesindomestictraderatherthantheformerUniformodeshipmentanddeliveryterms.3.國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易和國(guó)際貿(mào)易的規(guī)定中運(yùn)用，此種交易貨物運(yùn)輸都需跨越國(guó)界。在世界許多地區(qū)，商業(yè)集團(tuán)如歐盟使得不同國(guó)家間的過關(guān)手續(xù)不再重要。貿(mào)易規(guī)則既可以適用于國(guó)內(nèi)交易也可以在一些地方明確規(guī)定，只有在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)。兩個(gè)新發(fā)展使得ICC相信向這個(gè)方向的改革是適宜的。首先，商人們普遍在國(guó)次，比起先前提到的統(tǒng)一的商業(yè)規(guī)則中的運(yùn)輸和交付術(shù)語，在國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易中更多BeforeeachIncoterms?2010ruleyouwillfindaGuidanceNote.TheGuidanceNotesexplainthefundamentalsofeachIncotermsrule,suchaswhenitshouldbeused,whenrTheGuidanceNotesarenotpartoftheactualIncotermsruleforaparticulartransaction.PreviousversionsofIncotermsruleshavespecifiedthosedocumentsthatArticlesA1/B1oftheIncoterms?2010Thisformulationfacilitatestheevolutionofnewelectronicproceduresthroughoutthelifetimeofthe有一條引言。引言解釋每條貿(mào)易規(guī)則的基本內(nèi)容，比如說什么時(shí)候被運(yùn)用到，什么時(shí)候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移，還有費(fèi)用在賣方和買方間是怎樣分配的等等。引言并不是助使用者更準(zhǔn)確更有效率的針對(duì)特定的貿(mào)易運(yùn)用合適的貿(mào)易條款。以被電子數(shù)據(jù)交換信息替代的文件。然電子通信方式和紙質(zhì)通訊相同的效果，只要締約雙方同意或存在國(guó)際慣例。這子程序的演進(jìn)。TheIncoterms?2010rulesarethefirstversionoftheIncotermsrulessincetheversionoftheInstituteCargoClausesandtakeaccountofalterationsmadetothoseclauses.TheIncoterms?2010rulesplaceinformationdutiesrelatingtoinsuranceinarticlesA3/B3,whichdealwithcontractsofcarriageandinsurance.TheseprovisionshavebeenmovedfromthemoregenericfoundinarticleA10/B10oftheIncoterms2000relatingtoinsurancehasalsobeenalteredwithaviewtoclarifyingtheparties’rmationrequiredforsuchThereisheightenedconcernnowadayssrequiringverificationthatthegoodsdonotposeathreattolifeorpropertyforreasonsotherthantheirinherentnature.訂以來的最新版國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)則，并信息義務(wù)規(guī)定在A3/B3，這涉及到運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)合同。這些條款已經(jīng)從更為普通AB文章中刪除。為了明確締約雙方的義務(wù)，條款A(yù)2/B3中涉及保險(xiǎn)的行文也做了變7.與安全有關(guān)的清關(guān)需要的信息現(xiàn)在人們高度關(guān)注貨物運(yùn)輸中的安全問題，需要確認(rèn)貨物不會(huì)對(duì)生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)有haveallocatedobligationsbetweenthebuyerandsellertoobtainortorenderassistanceinobtainingsecurity-relatedinformation,inarticlesA2/B2andA10/B10ofvariousIncotermsrules.8.TerminalhandlingchargesRCIF,DAT,DAP,andDDP,thesellermustmakearrangementsforthecarriageofthegoodstotheagreeddestination.Whilethefreightispaidbytheseller,itisactuallypaidforbythebuyerasfreightcostsarenormallyincludedbythesellerinthetotalsellingprice.Thecarriagecostswillsometimesincludethecostsofhandlingandmovingthegoodswithinportorcontainerterminalfacilitiesandywhoreceivesthegoods.Inthesecircumstances,thebuyerwillwanttwice:和賣家間分配了義務(wù)，在與安全有關(guān)的清關(guān)獲得或者提供幫助，例如在多種多的監(jiān)管鏈相關(guān)信息8.終點(diǎn)站操作費(fèi)貨物到達(dá)指定目的地。雖然運(yùn)費(fèi)是由賣方支付的，但因?yàn)檫\(yùn)費(fèi)一般被賣方包含在銷售價(jià)格中所以實(shí)際上運(yùn)費(fèi)是由買方支付的。貨運(yùn)費(fèi)有時(shí)包括港口或集裝箱碼頭內(nèi)的理貨和運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用承運(yùn)人和終點(diǎn)站運(yùn)營(yíng)方也可能向收到貨買家會(huì)想要避免對(duì)同一服務(wù)重復(fù)付費(fèi)：oncetotheselleraspartofthetotalsellingpriceandonceindependentlytothecarrierortheterminaloperator.ThehappeningbyclearlyallocatingsuchcostsinarticlesA6/B6oftherelevantIncotermsrules.Inthesaleofcommodities,asopposedisfrequentlysoldseveraltimesduringtransit“downastring”whenthishappens,asellerinthemiddleofthestringdon’thavetoshipthegoodsshippedbythefirstsellerinthestring.Thesellerinthemiddleofthestringthereforeperformsitsobligationstowardsitsbuyernotbyshippingthehavebeenshipped.Forclarificationpurposes,Incoterms?2010rulesshipped”asanalternativetotheobligationtoshipgoodsintherelevantIncotermsrules一次付給賣家作為銷售價(jià)格中的一部分，一次單獨(dú)地付給承運(yùn)人或者終點(diǎn)站際貿(mào)易術(shù)解釋規(guī)則的A6/B6條款明確的分配此項(xiàng)費(fèi)用，力求避免重復(fù)付費(fèi)。與工業(yè)制成品的銷售不同，在農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品的銷售中，貨物經(jīng)常在沿銷售鏈運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中被頻繁銷售多次。這種情況下，在運(yùn)輸中的賣家不用再運(yùn)輸貨物，因?yàn)樨浳镆驯坏谝粋€(gè)賣家裝船運(yùn)輸了。中途的賣方通過接收貨物而非運(yùn)輸貨物向買方則2010在相關(guān)規(guī)定中把提取已經(jīng)運(yùn)輸?shù)纳唐返牧x務(wù)作為運(yùn)輸商品義務(wù)的替換。RULESFORANYMODEORMODESOFTRANSPORT2010rulesdonotprohibitsuchsodoingInordertoavoidanywouldneedtomaketheintendedclearintheircontract.Thus,forexample,iftheallocationofcostsintheIncoterms2010rulesisalteredinthecontract,thepartiestheyintendtovarythepointatStatusofthisintroductioneuseandinterpretationoftheIncoterms2010rules,butdoesnotformpartExplanationoftermsusedintheIncoterms2010rules的規(guī)則國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的變體貿(mào)易各方有時(shí)因各自需要意圖修改止這種修改，但是這樣做會(huì)帶來一定的危險(xiǎn)。因此雙方都應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同中明確表明修改意欲達(dá)到的效果以避免不愉快的分歧。譬如，假設(shè)合分配，那么合同各方亦應(yīng)當(dāng)明確聲明是否改變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(從賣方到買方)本導(dǎo)言的功能地位本導(dǎo)言只是對(duì)《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋