高考專區(qū) 二輪專題 基礎語法課（4）-構(gòu)詞法

基礎語法課(4)——構(gòu)詞法一、派生(一)名詞后綴-ence，-anceappear—appearance

perform—performanceexist—existence

refer—reference-tion，-sionadopt—adoption

solve—solutionconclude—conclusion

confuse—confusion-mentagree—agreement

amaze—amazement-nesssad—sadness

steady—steadiness-urefail—failure

mix—mixture-ceabsent—absence

present—presence-shipownership

friendship

hardship

relationship-ingfarming

training

meaning

feeling(二)形容詞后綴

-ysun—sunny

rain—rainy-al,-ialglobe—global

office—official-ful,-lesssuccess—successful

care—careful

harm—harmless

home—homeless-(i)ousnerve—nervous

ambition—ambitious-able，-iblesuit—suitable

bear—bearable

access—accessible

response—responsible-tiveattract—attractive

create—creative-lydead—deadly

live—lively(三)動詞后綴-ifypure—purify

simple—simplify-izereal—realize

modern—modernize-endark—darken

sharp—sharpen-ebath—bathe

breath—breathe(四)常用前綴over-“超過”oversleep

睡過頭

overcome

克服re-“重新”recycle

回收利用

review

復習fore-“前的”forehead

前額

foresee

預知pre-“前的”predict

預告

preview

預演ex-“前的”ex-mayor

前任市長ex-president

前任總統(tǒng)post-“后的”post-war

戰(zhàn)后的

postgraduate研究生multi-“多的”multimedia

多媒體的multicultural

多元文化的tele-“遠的”telephone

電話

telescope

望遠鏡(五)表否定的前綴in-，im-/il-，ir-incapable/incompetent無能力的improper/inappropriate不合適的illegal不合法的irregular不規(guī)則的un-unusual不尋常的uneasy不安的dis-disappear消失discover發(fā)現(xiàn)mis-mislead誤導(v.)

misuse濫用non-non-profit非營利的non-smoker不吸煙者二、轉(zhuǎn)化(一)動詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1．Hebackedhiscarintothegarage.(v.倒退) Youarenotalone,andweareallbackingyou.(v.支持) She'sthekindofpersonwhotalksaboutyoubehindyourback.(n.背后)2．Heheadedtherebellion.(v.領導) Heheadedhisboatfortheshore.(v.朝……行進) Hewasshotinthehead,dead.(n.頭)3．IlackwordswithwhichIexpressmythanks.(v.缺乏) Lack

ofproperfundingismakingourjobmoredifficult.(n.缺乏)(二)動詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換1．Thedogsucceededinclearingthefence.(v.越過) Heclearedthetablebytakingplates,forksandknivesaway.(v.清理) Tomakeyourselfclearwithoutusingfacialexpressionscanbeverydifficult.(adj.清楚的)2．Yourshoesneedcleaning.(v.打掃) Trytokeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(adj.干凈的)3．Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat？(v.意味著) Hehasalwaysbeenmeanwithhismoney.(adj.吝嗇的)(三)形容詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換

adj.n.well身體好的井fine好的罰款fair公平的展覽會chief主要的首領patient耐心的病人firm堅定的公司relative相對的親戚plain平淡的平原content滿意的內(nèi)容concrete具體的混凝土三、合成(一)合成形容詞

1．a(chǎn)dj.＋presentparticiple漂亮的good-looking隨和的

easy-going長相一般的

ordinary-looking2．a(chǎn)dv.＋presentparticiple永久的

ever-lasting職位高的

high-ranking暢銷的

best-selling3．a(chǎn)dv.＋pastparticiple著名的

well-known新建的

newly-built本地制造的

locally-produced4．n.＋presentparticiple省時的

time-saving耗能的

energy-consuming愛好和平的

peace-loving5．a(chǎn)dj.＋n.＋-ed心不在焉的

absent-minded心地善良的

kind-hearted目光短淺的

short-sighted6．n.＋-ed詳細的

detail—detailed有經(jīng)驗的

experience—experienced有天賦的

gift—gifted/talent—talented(二)合成名詞

1．名詞＋名詞報紙newspaper保姆babysitter機場airport2．形容詞＋名詞溫室greenhouse高速公路highway大陸