云計算環(huán)境下取證及證據(jù)管理模型研究

云計算環(huán)境下取證及證據(jù)管理模型研究云計算環(huán)境下取證及證據(jù)管理模型研究

摘要：

云計算的發(fā)展帶來了各種新型的應用和服務(wù)形態(tài)，但也帶來了新型的安全威脅，在云計算環(huán)境下進行數(shù)字取證及有效的證據(jù)管理顯得尤為重要。本文首先對云計算的安全威脅進行了分析，并結(jié)合云計算環(huán)境特點提出了一種基于虛擬化技術(shù)的數(shù)字取證流程。同時，考慮到證據(jù)的安全性、完整性和可靠性等因素，本文提出了云計算環(huán)境下證據(jù)管理模型，采用多層次加密和分布式存儲方式來保障證據(jù)的安全性和完整性，并通過一套完善的訪問控制機制來控制證據(jù)的訪問和使用。最后，針對實際應用場景，本文設(shè)計了一個基于本模型的證據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)原型，并對模型及系統(tǒng)進行了分析和驗證。

關(guān)鍵詞：云計算、數(shù)字取證、證據(jù)管理、虛擬化、多層次加密、分布式存儲、訪問控制

Abstract:

Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputinghasbroughtvariousnewformsofapplicationsandservices,butalsonewsecuritythreats.Itisparticularlyimportanttocarryoutdigitalforensicsandeffectiveevidencemanagementinthecloudcomputingenvironment.Inthispaper,thesecuritythreatsofcloudcomputingareanalyzed,andadigitalforensicsprocessbasedonvirtualizationtechnologyisproposedbasedonthecharacteristicsofcloudcomputingenvironment.Consideringfactorssuchasthesecurity,integrity,andreliabilityofevidence,thispaperproposesanevidencemanagementmodelinthecloudcomputingenvironment,whichusesmulti-levelencryptionanddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Finally,forpracticalapplicationscenarios,thispaperdesignsaprototypeevidencemanagementsystembasedontheproposedmodel,andanalyzesandverifiesthemodelandsystem.

Keywords:Cloudcomputing,digitalforensics,evidencemanagement,virtualization,multi-levelencryption,distributedstorage,accesscontrolIntroduction

Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofdigitaltechnology,digitalforensicshasbecomeanimportantmeansofcriminalinvestigationandjudicialpractice.Digitalforensicsistheprocessofgathering,analyzing,andpreservingelectronicevidencetosupporttheinvestigationofacrimeorcivilaction.Theevidenceobtainedthroughdigitalforensicsiscriticaltothesuccessofalegalcase,andtherefore,theevidentiarymaterialneedstobemanagedefficientlyandsecurely.However,duetothecomplexityanddynamicnatureofthedigitalworld,managingdigitalevidencehasbecomeadauntingtask.Traditionalevidencemanagementmethodsarenolongersufficienttomeetthedemandsofmoderndigitalforensicsinvestigations.

Cloudcomputinghasbeenrecognizedasapromisingtechnologyfordigitalevidencemanagement.Itprovidesascalable,flexible,andcost-effectiveplatformforstoringandmanagingevidence.However,theuseofcloudcomputingalsobringsforthnewchallengesindigitalevidencemanagement,suchasdataprivacy,security,andintegrity.Inthispaper,weproposeahybridmodelforevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,whichcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.

RelatedWork

Severalpreviousstudieshaveproposeddifferentapproachesformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.JazayeriandGhafuri(2019)proposedamethodforsecureandefficientmanagementofdigitalevidenceincloudstorageusingblockchaintechnology.Theproposedmethodusesadistributedblockchainconsensusalgorithmtomaintaintheintegrityandauthenticityoftheevidence.Liuetal.(2018)presentedaframeworkfordigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingbasedonthesoftwareasaservice(SaaS)model.Theproposedframeworkusesavirtualizedevidencerepositoryandaccesscontrolmechanismtoensuretheconfidentialityandauthenticityoftheevidence.Sutantoetal.(2013)proposedanarchitecturefordigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingusingacombinationofpublicandprivateclouds.Theproposedarchitectureprovidesascalableandresilientplatformforstoringandmanagingevidencewhileensuringitssecurityandprivacy.

However,theseapproachesmainlyfocusonspecificaspectsofdigitalevidencemanagement,suchasintegrity,authenticity,andconfidentiality,anddonotprovideacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.

ProposedModel

Toaddressthechallengesindigitalevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,weproposeahybridmodelthatcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.

Virtualization:Thevirtualizationlayerprovidesanabstractionoftheunderlyinghardwareresourcesandenablesthecreationofmultiplevirtualmachines(VMs)onasinglephysicalmachine.EachVMcanrunanindependentoperatingsystemandapplicationstack,providingasecureandisolatedenvironmentfordigitalevidencemanagement.

Multi-levelEncryption:Themulti-levelencryptionlayerencryptsthedigitalevidenceatmultiplelevelstoensureitsconfidentialityandpreventunauthorizedaccess.Theencryptionkeysaresecurelymanagedbyakeymanagementsystemtopreventkeyleakage.

DistributedStorage:Thedistributedstoragelayerprovidesascalableandfault-tolerantplatformforstoringdigitalevidence.Theevidenceisdividedintomultiplefragmentsandstoredacrossmultipledistributednodestopreventdatalossandensuredataavailability.

AccessControl:Theaccesscontrollayercontrolstheaccessanduseofdigitalevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Theaccesscontrolmechanismincludesauthentication,authorization,andaudit,andisdesignedtopreventunauthorizedaccess,modification,ordestructionofdigitalevidence.

PrototypeSystem

Todemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodel,wedesignaprototypeevidencemanagementsystembasedonthemodel.Theprototypesystemconsistsofthreemodules:evidencecollection,evidencemanagement,andevidenceanalysis.

Theevidencecollectionmodulecollectsandstoresthedigitalevidencefromdifferentsources,suchasmobiledevices,computers,andservers.Theevidenceisencryptedandstoredinavirtualizedevidencerepository.

Theevidencemanagementmoduleprovidesaplatformformanagingthedigitalevidence.Theevidenceisstoredinadistributedstoragesystemandaccessedthroughasecureaccesscontrolmechanism.Thekeymanagementsystemisusedtomanagetheencryptionkeys.

Theevidenceanalysismoduleprovidestoolsforanalyzingthedigitalevidence.Theanalysisresultsarestoredintheevidencemanagementmoduleandcanbeusedasevidenceinlegalproceedings.

Conclusion

Thispaperproposesahybridmodelforevidencemanagementincloudcomputingenvironments,whichcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.Theproposedmodelprovidesacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.AprototypeevidencemanagementsystemisdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelTheprototypeevidencemanagementsystemdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelisacloud-basedsystemthatemploysadvancedsecuritymeasurestoensuretheprotectionofdataandevidence.Thesystemisbuiltusingvirtualizationtechnology,whichallowsfortheefficientsharingofresourceswhilemaintainingdataandevidenceintegrity.

Multi-levelencryptionisemployedtosecureevidenceateverystageofthedatalifecycle.Encryptionkeysaregeneratedandmanagedinacentralizedmannertoensurethatonlyauthorizedpersonnelcanaccessevidence.Theencryptionkeysareprotectedusingadvancedaccesscontrolmechanismstoensurethatonlyuserswiththeappropriatepermissionscanaccessevidence.

Distributedstorageisusedtoensuredataavailabilityandredundancy.Thesystemusesmultiplestoragenodestostoreevidence,whichincreasesthereliabilityofthestorageinfrastructure.Theuseofdistributedstoragealsomakesiteasiertoscalethesystemasmoreevidenceiscollectedandstored.

Acomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanismisimplementedtoenforcefine-grainedaccesscontrolpolicies.Accesscontrolpoliciesaredefinedatmultiplelevels,includinguserroles,evidencetypes,andevidencelocations.Theaccesscontrolpoliciesareenforcedusingadvancedaccesscontrolmechanismssuchasattribute-basedaccesscontrolandrole-basedaccesscontrol.

Theprototypeevidencemanagementsystemistestedusingsimulatedscenarios,whichdemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.Theresultsshowthattheproposedmodelprovidesacomprehensivesolutiontothechallengesfacedinmanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.

Inconclusion,theproposedmodelcombinesvirtualization,multi-levelencryption,anddistributedstoragetoensurethesecurityandintegrityofevidence,andcontrolstheaccessanduseofevidencethroughacomprehensiveaccesscontrolmechanism.TheprototypeevidencemanagementsystemdesignedandanalyzedtodemonstratethefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelisaneffectivesolutionformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironmentsInadditiontotheproposedmodel,thereareseveralothertechniquesandmethodsthatcanbeusedformanagingdigitalevidenceincloudcomputingenvironments.Onesuchtechniqueisblockchaintechnology,whichprovidesatamper-proofanddecentralizedledgerforstoringevidence.Blockchaintechnologycanalsoprovideatransparentandauditablerecordofalltransactionsrelatedtotheevidence,whichcanhelptoincreasetrustintheevidenceandensureitsintegrity.

Anothertechniqueformanagingdigitalevidenceistheuseofdigitalsignaturesandhashes.Digitalsignaturescanbeusedtoensuretheauthenticityoftheevidence,whilehashescanbeusedtoensuretheintegrityoftheevidencebyprovidingauniquedigitalfingerprintthatcanbeusedtoverifythattheevidencehasnotbeenmodifiedortamperedwith.