考研英語真題及答案

2002年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題及答案

SectionIListeningComprehension

Directions:

ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwill

hearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthat

accompanythem.TherearethreepartsinthisSection,PartA,PartBandPartC.

Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersin

yourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave

5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.

NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.

PartA

Directions:

ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.

Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou'veheard.Someofthe

informationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineach

numberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoread

thetablebelow.(5points)

Welch'sPersonalInformation

PlaceofBirthPhiladelphia

YearofBirth1901

TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920

MajoratUniversity

1

FinalDegreePhD

YearofMarriage1928

GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)

2

FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)

3

MainInterest

4

ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)

5

Death(Age)77

PartBDirections:

Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.While

youlisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3words

foreachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoread

thesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)

Besidesreporters,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutside

6

thespeaker'shome?

Onereportergottothespeaker'sapartmentpretendingtopay

7

Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking

8

Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?

9

Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllosereadersunlessthe

10

editorsandthenewsdirectors

PartCDirections:

Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,you

willhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereach

questionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyour

answers.

Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)

Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren'shealthydevelopment.You

nowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?

[A]Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.

[B]Whattheyaremostworriedabout.

[C]Howlongtheirparentsaccompanythemdaily.

[D]Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.

12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo

[A]getenoughentertainment.

[B]havemoreactivities.

[C]receiveearlyeducation.

[D]haveregularcheckups.

13.Accordingtothereport,children'sbedroomsshould

[A]benoplaceforplay.

[B]benearacommonarea.

[C]havenoTVsets.

[D]haveacomputerforstudy.

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younow

have15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.

14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewants

tosaveup?

[A]Familydebts.

[B]Banksavings.

[C]Monthlybills.

[D]Spendinghabits.

15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit?

[A]$190,000.

[B]$330,000.

[C]$500,000.

[D]$1,000,000.

16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth?

[A]Investintoamutualfund.

[B]Usethediscounttickets.

[C]Quithiseating-outhabit.

[D]Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.

Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.

Glieberman,domestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17

-20.

17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer'spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate?

[A]Fall.

[B]Rise.

[C]V-shape.

[D]Zigzag.

18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage?

[A]Toembracechangesofthought.

[B]Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.

[C]Toreturntothepracticeinthe'60sand'70s.

[D]Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.

19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago?

[A]Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.

[B]Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.

[C]Theywereafraidoflosingface.

[D]Theywerewillingtostaytogether.

20.Yearsagoadivorcedmaninacompanywouldhave

[A]beenshiftedaroundthecountry.

[B]haddifficultybeingpromoted.

[C]enjoyedahappierlife.

[D]tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.

Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWER

SHEET1.

全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(二)

NationalEntranceTestOfEnglishforMA／MSCandidates

(2002)

考生注意事項

1.考生必須嚴(yán)格遵守各項考場規(guī)則，得到監(jiān)考人員指令后方可開始答題。

2.全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語分為試題(一)、試題(二)。

3.本試題為試題(二)，共11頁(5-15頁)，含有英語知識運用、閱讀理解、寫作三個部分。

英語知識運用、閱讀理解A節(jié)的答案必須用2B鉛筆按要求直接填涂在答題卡1上，如要改

動，必須用橡皮擦干凈。閱讀理解B節(jié)和寫作部分必須用藍(lán)(黑)圓珠筆在答題卡2上答題，

注意字跡清楚。

4.考試結(jié)束后，考生應(yīng)將答題卡1、答題卡2一并裝入原試卷袋中，將試題(一)、試題(二)

交給監(jiān)考人員。

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcentury

andthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened

21.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecame

thedominantpre-electronic23,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebook

andinthe24oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunications

revolution25up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading26throughthe

telegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldof

themotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryonesees

thatprocessin28.Itisimportanttodoso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerinthe

early20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,

radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately32.

Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame

"personal"too,aswellas33,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34

increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,35generations,with

thedistancebetweengenerationsmuch36.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"begantobe

widelyusedtodescribethe37withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunications

revolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplace

andtime,buttherehavebeen39viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialand

culturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed40"harmful"outcomes.And

generalizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]

later

22.[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]

until

23.[A]means[B]method[C]medium[D]

measure

24.[A]process[B]company[C]light[D]

form

25.[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked[D]

picked

26.[A]on[B]out[C]over[D]off

27.[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]

into

28.[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[D]

perspective

29.[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]

therefore

30.[A]brought

characterized

31.[A]unless

although

32.[A]apparent

plausible

33.[A]institutional

instrumental

34.[A]ability

faculty

35.[A]bymeansof

with

36.[A]deeper

smaller

37.[A]context

territory

38.[A]regarded

effected

39.[A]competitive

irrational

40.[A]above

[B]followed

[B]since

[B]desirable

[B]universal

[B]capability

[B]intermsof

[B]fewer

[B]range

[B]impressed

[B]controversial

[B]upon

[C]stimulated

[C]lest

[C]negative

[C]fundamental

[C]capacity

[C]withregardto

[C]nearer

[C]scope

[C]influenced

[C]distracting

[C]against

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]inline

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhow

toidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttothe

audienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstand

theirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyou

areaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupof

managers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;

alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheir

disorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworks

wellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.Amanarrivesinheaven

andisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautiful

gardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendly

until,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebya

maninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstomps

overtoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,

that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinaposition

toknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbe

appropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthe

chairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempt

tocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabout

theircanteenortheirchairman.Youwillbeonsafergroundifyoustickto

scapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmore

natural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucan

deliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausesthe

audiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworan

unbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliar

quote"Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.

Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafew

wordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience.

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople.

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople.

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners.

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare

[A]impolitetonewarrivals.

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole.

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges.

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours.

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople.

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention.

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock.

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage.

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible.

[C]inexaggeratedstatements.

[D]ascasuallyaspossible.

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe

[A]UseHumorEffectively.

[B]VariousKindsofHumor.

[C]AddHumortoSpeech.

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies.

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtools

tocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.That

compulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushuman

capabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversion

ofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmos

whosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhuman

labor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdone

atautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthe

transaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthanks

tothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,thereare

alreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywith

submillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscan

achievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhave

tooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisions

forthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobot

tohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,

"wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamic

world."

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixed

results.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappeared

thattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionof

thehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthat

forecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain's

roughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperception

farmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcan

recognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolled

factoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneand

immediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusing

onthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousface

inabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkind

ofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.

[D]theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.

47.Theword"gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

[A]programs.

[B]experts.

[C]devices.

[D]creatures.

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobot

thatcan

[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.

[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.

[C]havealittlecommonsense.

[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld.

49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso

[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

[C]improvefactoryenvironments.

[D]cultivatehumancreativity.

50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare

[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.

[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.

[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.

[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.

Text3

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPEC

agreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26a

barrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescalls

upscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,when

theyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflation

andglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoom

thistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.

Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthern

hemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobeless

severethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsfor

asmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxes

accountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthe

priceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsoless

sensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuels

andadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereduced

oilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthan

steelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomies

nowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomic

Outlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith

$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly

0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.

Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhas

shifted-havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unlike

therisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneral

commodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworld

isonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindex

isbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,and

in1979byalmost30%.

51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis

[A]globalinflation.

[B]reductioninsupply.

[C]fastgrowthineconomy.

[D]Iraq'ssuspensionofexports.

52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoup

dramaticallyif

[A]priceofcruderises.

[B]commoditypricesrise.

[C]consumptionrises.

[D]oiltaxesrise.

53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries

[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.

[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.

[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.

[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP.

54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat

[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.

[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.

[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.

[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.

55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems

[A]optimistic.

[B]sensitive.

[C]gloomy.

[D]scared.

Text4

TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecanrryimportant

implicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assisted

suicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"a

centuries-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects--agoodone

thatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen--ispermissibleiftheactor

intendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdoses

ofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosages

willeventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciple

willshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycould

notgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthasten

death."

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintains

that,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,the

doctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.

"It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethe

doctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.If

you'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintend

theirsuicide."

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethatthe

assisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhom

modemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,the

NationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:

ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandthe

aggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongand

evendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,

totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicare

billingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessing

andtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaning

medicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseem

unconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,

"totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedical

licensingboards"mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyones

thatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension."

56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat

[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients'pain.

[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.

[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.

[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide.

57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients'death.

[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.

[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.

[D]Adoctor'smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.

58.AccordingtotheNAS'sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis

[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures.

[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain.

[C]systematicdrugabuse.

[D]insufficienthospitalcare.

59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"aggressive"(line4,paragraph

7)?

[A]Bold.

[B]Harmful.

[C]Careless.

[D]Desperate.

60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey

[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently.

[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.

[C]reducedmgdosagesfortheirpatients.

[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolved

byphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyof

behavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnology

mightbedrawn.61)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioral

sciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,

humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesand

advancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslow

tochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobserved

andpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.The

environmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnot

pushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttod