DB4401-T 166-2022 1：500 1：1000 1：2000地形圖圖式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范

ICS

CCS

DB4401 DB

地形圖圖式

2022

-

08

-

04

發(fā)布 廣州市市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局 發(fā)

布

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A（規(guī)范性）

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B（資料性）

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C（資料性）

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D（規(guī)范性）

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E（規(guī)范性）

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F（規(guī)范性）

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G（資料性）

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H（資料性）

.................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. I

mm，點(diǎn)的直徑為

mm，符號(hào)非主要部分的線劃長(zhǎng)為

mm，非垂直交叉線

?

??

mm，虛部為

mm。

mm。

mm。

整列式排列一般按圖式表示的間隔配置符號(hào)，面積較大時(shí)，符號(hào)間隔可放

倍。在能表示清

圖1

圖2

簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明中各種數(shù)量指標(biāo)，凡“大于”者含數(shù)字本身，“小于”者不含數(shù)字本身。

B，多色和單色樣圖示例參照附錄

地形圖分幅和編號(hào)按附錄E規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

圖廓整飾按附錄F規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

黑(CMYK)按GB/T

II

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5″或

10″小三角點(diǎn)和同等精度的其他控制點(diǎn)用此符號(hào)表示。

衛(wèi)星定位連續(xù)運(yùn)行站

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當(dāng)水涯線與陡坎線在圖上投影距離小于

mm

時(shí)以陡坎符號(hào)表示。遇橋梁、水壩、水閘、房屋等架空建筑時(shí)應(yīng)斷

mm

mm

×0.6

mm

mm

時(shí)，用相應(yīng)的岸灘、植被、土質(zhì)符號(hào)表示，并應(yīng)加繪等高線；當(dāng)高水位岸線與堤、陡坎重合時(shí)，則省略

mm

mm

mm

池塘需加水質(zhì)注記，如“（咸）”、“（苦）”等字，凡明確用來(lái)養(yǎng)魚(yú)或繁殖魚(yú)苗的需加注“**湖（魚(yú)）”字樣，不明確養(yǎng)殖種類(lèi)的湖只注“**湖”字樣。

表1

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.

c.泄洪洞口是水庫(kù)壩體上修建的排水洞口。符號(hào)按實(shí)際方向表示在洞口位置上。引水孔、取水孔、灌溉孔、排沙

池塘用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“塘”字。平地上若池塘邊為垂直式土坎時(shí)只繪水涯線，若池塘邊為加固陡坎或

mm

mm

mm

mm

m

以上按有堤溝渠符號(hào)表示。如堤的內(nèi)側(cè)未成兩層的，以符號(hào)“a”表示；當(dāng)?shù)痰膬?nèi)側(cè)成兩層，頂層堤腳與溝緣間有可通行地段的，以符號(hào)“b”表示。

mm

mm

mm

舊戰(zhàn)壕亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“戰(zhàn)壕”二字。

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mm，長(zhǎng)度大于

cm

i.陸地河流延伸至干出灘中而形成的河道。j.潮水沖擊干出灘所形成的水溝。

mm～0.2mm）。

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l.生長(zhǎng)蘆葦?shù)炔荼局参锏母沙鰹?。在其范圍?nèi)配置高草地符號(hào)，并加注“蘆葦”。ｍ.有鹽堿聚集的干出灘，生長(zhǎng)著鹽蒿類(lèi)的野草。

按實(shí)地范圍散列配置符號(hào)，并加注“危險(xiǎn)岸”。

表1

mm

mm

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mm2

圖上面積大于

mm2依比例尺按輪廓用符號(hào)

表示，并加注“暗”字。通航河流中對(duì)航行安全有危害的暗礁也

平均大潮高潮面以下，深度基準(zhǔn)面以上的孤立礁石。高潮時(shí)淹沒(méi)，低潮時(shí)露出。圖上面積大于

mm2的依

表示，并加注“干”字。

在最低低潮面時(shí)與水面平齊的礁石。圖上面積大于

mm2的依比例尺按輪廓用符號(hào)

表示，并加注“適”

珊瑚礁依比例尺表示的，相應(yīng)加注“干”或“暗”字；不依比例尺的分別用相應(yīng)的不依比例尺礁石符號(hào)表示。

從河床縱斷面陡坡或懸崖處傾瀉下來(lái)的流水。有名稱的加注名稱，無(wú)名稱的加注“瀑”字，并測(cè)注落差。注“跌”字。

貯水池、水窖、地?zé)?/p>

表1

M40

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如“咸”、“苦”等字。自流井、溫泉井等應(yīng)加注“流”、“溫”等字。干旱地區(qū)的干井、枯井、水窖亦用此符號(hào)表示，加注“干”、“枯”、“窖”等字。機(jī)井加注“機(jī)井”二字，設(shè)在房屋內(nèi)的，以房屋內(nèi)符號(hào)表示，旁邊加注“機(jī)井”二字。

?

mm

當(dāng)其圖上長(zhǎng)度大于5

mm

m

等高距圖幅比高大于1

m）時(shí)應(yīng)表示；當(dāng)比高大于1個(gè)等高距時(shí)應(yīng)

質(zhì)加注“硫”、“礦”、“溫”、“毒”、“噴”等字，并測(cè)注泉口水面高程。

圖上按實(shí)地形狀依比例尺表示。貯水池在房屋內(nèi)的，以房屋符號(hào)表示，旁邊加注“水”字。單色圖上貯水池、水窯符號(hào)旁應(yīng)加注“水”字。凈化池、污水池、洗煤池、廢液池及開(kāi)采地?zé)豳Y源的地?zé)岢匾灿么朔?hào)表示，并加注“凈”、“污”、“洗煤”、“廢液”、“地?zé)帷钡茸帧?/p>

按其通行情況分別用相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示。鹽堿沼澤、泥炭沼澤應(yīng)加注"堿"、"泥炭"注記。沼澤地上的植被用相應(yīng)的植

cm

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閘門(mén)上部根據(jù)其通行情況區(qū)分能通車(chē)的、不能通車(chē)能走人的、不能走人的。圖上長(zhǎng)度大于

mm

的，用閘門(mén)符

用此符號(hào)表示。符號(hào)中的尖角指向上游。孔徑大于

m

的分水設(shè)備也用此符號(hào)表示。圖上閘體長(zhǎng)度大于

mm

mm

mm

度小于

mm

時(shí)，用水閘符號(hào)表示。多孔水閘不能逐個(gè)表示時(shí)，可在適當(dāng)位置配置符號(hào)，加注孔數(shù)和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)。大型水閘按比例尺表示時(shí)，閘門(mén)附近加注“閘”字。水閘堤壩上的房屋建筑物，以相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示。水閘的建筑材料根據(jù)閘橋共用的，以符號(hào)“a”表示。

攔截山谷和橫截河流以提高水位的堤壩式建筑物。攔水壩一般應(yīng)測(cè)注壩頂高程和壩長(zhǎng)，加注建筑材料“石”或“砼”等字。

“砼”“石”等建筑材料：d1.半圓形斷面的防波堤，加注“半圓”注記；d2.上部防浪下部柱基可以透水的透空式防波堤，加注“透水”注記；d3.由浮體和錨系設(shè)備組成的浮體結(jié)構(gòu)式防波堤，加注“浮”注記；d4.利用噴氣消波設(shè)備，阻礙并消減波浪的噴氣堤，加注“噴氣”注記；d5.利用噴水消波設(shè)備，達(dá)到消減浪能的噴水堤，加注“噴水”注記。

已破壞的防波堤，加注“毀”字。表1

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mm

mm

人工建造的用于防洪、防潮的擋水構(gòu)筑物。堤高

m

以上的方表示。堤頂寬度在圖上大于

mm

）時(shí)，頂寬和坡面依比例尺用符號(hào)“a”表示，并測(cè)注堤頂高程；0.5

mm～1

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

水渡槽加注“廢”字。

獨(dú)立安置在水源處，利用水的沖力自動(dòng)揚(yáng)水或利用水泵取水的機(jī)電設(shè)備或設(shè)施。不論其大小，均用此符號(hào)站以房屋符號(hào)表示，其內(nèi)配置符號(hào)，并加注"揚(yáng)"、"抽"等字。

f.道頭

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按其建筑形式用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)表示。有名稱的碼頭應(yīng)注出名稱，無(wú)名稱者注“碼頭”。g.破壞的加注“毀”字。

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設(shè)在電纜或管道過(guò)江的兩岸端的立標(biāo)。該立標(biāo)頂端有三角形空心版，寫(xiě)有“禁止拋錨”的警示標(biāo)版。

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用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)表示內(nèi)部地物，并加注“引航”，當(dāng)圖上不能容納注記時(shí)，可配置符號(hào)表示。

用地類(lèi)界繪出范圍線，其內(nèi)配置符號(hào)，并加注“廢”字。

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居民地是大比例尺地形圖上的主要地物要素，測(cè)繪居民地要求準(zhǔn)確反映實(shí)地各個(gè)房屋的外圍輪廓和建筑特征。房牌，樓層和結(jié)構(gòu)以大部分是屬那一類(lèi)的就歸那一類(lèi)，大致相等時(shí)以最高類(lèi)來(lái)表示。具有紀(jì)念性、歷史性的特種房屋在城區(qū)的主要街道邊線以路沿線繪出，次要街道（包括小鎮(zhèn)不通車(chē)的主要街巷）一般以各類(lèi)地物自然形成的邊線表

g.形態(tài)或顏色與周邊房屋有明顯區(qū)別、具有方位意義的房屋。暈線與南圖廓成45°角，但當(dāng)房屋邊線與暈線平行h.形態(tài)特異或底部輪廓線與上部投影線差別較大的房屋。一般只表示底部與地面的交線（0.2

mm）；如架空部分在地面的投影與底部形狀相差很大時(shí)，可根據(jù)圖面負(fù)載情況用虛線表示；藝術(shù)建筑一般應(yīng)注出樓層數(shù)，難以測(cè)定時(shí)可

i.包括不可移動(dòng)文物建筑、歷史建筑、傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌建筑等。j.指被高架路、橋或者其它地物遮擋住的建筑，用虛線表示，房屋內(nèi)標(biāo)注房屋結(jié)構(gòu)。

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mm

mm

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地面下依比例尺的窯洞其坑壁邊緣范圍表示陡坎或圍墻，中間配置窯洞符號(hào)（符號(hào)垂直于南圖廓）；不依比例尺表示時(shí)，符號(hào)繪在坑的中心。磚或石塊建筑的房屋式窯洞，測(cè)繪外形輪廓線，并填繪窯洞符號(hào)。窯洞中線段的長(zhǎng)度是

b

一層也注明層數(shù)，如“A1”，以便與飄檐區(qū)別。架空部分不計(jì)層數(shù)。

mm

mm。

mm

mm

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mm

mm

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mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

地下建筑物地表出地下建筑物的通風(fēng)

露天采掘

亂掘

表1

圖上能依比例尺表示的按其輪廓線表示；當(dāng)被支撐物的輪廓用虛線表示時(shí)，支柱、墩、鋼架用實(shí)線表示，如符號(hào)圖上不能依比例尺表示的按其外形選擇相似的符號(hào)表示；如被支撐物輪廓用實(shí)線表示時(shí)，各種形狀的支柱、墩、

有明顯坎、坡的用陡坎或斜坡符號(hào)表示，無(wú)明顯坎、坡的用地類(lèi)界表示其范圍，并加注開(kāi)采品種說(shuō)明，如“鐵”、“沙”、“石”、“土”等字。特別零亂的亂掘地用地類(lèi)界表示范圍，其中適當(dāng)表示陡坎符號(hào)。圖上面積較大的可表

用相應(yīng)符號(hào)繪出范圍線，加注“尾礦”。

豎井指垂直地面的主坑道，斜井指斜交地面的主坑道，平峒指平入礦層的主坑道。井口大于符號(hào)尺寸的，符號(hào)外斜井符號(hào)的兩個(gè)直角頂點(diǎn)的中心表示井口的位置，表示坑道的兩條平行線按真實(shí)方向表示，符號(hào)尾部朝向井坑道開(kāi)采的礦井應(yīng)加注相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品名稱，如“鐵”、“煤”、“銅”、“硫”、“磷”等。進(jìn)水井、出水井亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“水”、“出水”等字。

表1

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符號(hào)表示在井口處。廢棄的加注“廢”字。

符號(hào)表示在井口處，并加注相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品名稱，如“油”、“氣”等字。用來(lái)向油層注水（氣）的注水（氣）井亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“水”（“氣”）字。

用實(shí)線表示輪廓，在井架位置配置符號(hào)，并加注相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品名稱，如“油”、“氣”等字。

圖上應(yīng)加注“探”字。凸出地面的汽車(chē)檢修槽實(shí)測(cè)封口表示，加注“修車(chē)臺(tái)”。1:2000

特殊鉆孔加注說(shuō)明，如涌水孔加注“涌”字。

用水泥、石塊砌成有正規(guī)的高出地面的平臺(tái)，用實(shí)線表示其輪廓線，加注“貨?！保粺o(wú)平臺(tái)的用地類(lèi)界表示范圍，加注“貨?！?。周?chē)缬袊鷫Α艡诘?，用相?yīng)的符號(hào)表示。

塔形建筑物（散熱

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圖上應(yīng)加注相應(yīng)的“散熱”、“傘”、“蒸餾”、“瞭”等注記。依比例尺表示的用實(shí)線表示基底輪廓，其內(nèi)配

龍門(mén)吊指地面的有軌道的橋式起重設(shè)備。龍門(mén)吊圖式還適用于廠區(qū)內(nèi)用軌道運(yùn)輸?shù)膭?dòng)車(chē)。天吊指架空軌道的橋式

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漏斗按實(shí)際位置表示，有支柱的只表示兩端的支柱。1:2000地形圖上只測(cè)外形，加注“漏斗”二字。

鹽田內(nèi)的溝渠、堤、田埂等地物按實(shí)地位置用相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示。有名稱的加注名稱，無(wú)名稱的加注“鹽田”。內(nèi)陸鹽池、鹽坑無(wú)堤或無(wú)溝的用地類(lèi)界表示其范圍，加注“鹽田”二字。

根據(jù)窯的建筑特征分別以相應(yīng)形式的符號(hào)表示，并應(yīng)加注產(chǎn)品名稱，如“磚”、“陶”、“炭”、“灰”等，有專(zhuān)有名稱的應(yīng)加注專(zhuān)名，廢窯加注“廢”字。

依比例尺表示的用實(shí)線表示輪廓，其內(nèi)配置符號(hào)。群體分布又不能逐個(gè)表示，用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)（如圍墻、鐵絲網(wǎng)）

表1

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符號(hào)表示在風(fēng)車(chē)的位置上。風(fēng)力發(fā)電塔（桿）也用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“電”字。有專(zhuān)有名稱的加注名稱。

網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)、小型運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)、溜冰場(chǎng)、球場(chǎng)在其輪廓線內(nèi)加注“網(wǎng)球”“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)”“溜冰”“球”字。

較為固定的用于飼養(yǎng)牲畜的場(chǎng)所。實(shí)測(cè)輪廓線，加注“牲”。也可根據(jù)需要分類(lèi)注記，如“牛”、“馬”、“騾”、“豬”、“羊”、“雞”等。房前屋后的個(gè)體小豬圈、羊圈不表示。

水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)是基于海水環(huán)境下的動(dòng)植物養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)。以地類(lèi)界表示范圍，內(nèi)注水產(chǎn)品名稱，如“紫菜”、“珍珠”、“海帶”等。

依比例尺表示的用相應(yīng)的棚房符號(hào)表示，其內(nèi)加注“菜”“果”“花”等植物種類(lèi)說(shuō)明。臨時(shí)性的不表示。

農(nóng)村居民地外用于積肥的池子。糞池、沼氣池、氨水池、漚池等均用此符號(hào)表示，分別加注“糞”、“沼”、“氨”、“漚”等字。

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mm

mm

mm

mm

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mm

mm

時(shí)，均

mm

交通巡警平臺(tái)指處理日常交通及警務(wù)的作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，也用此符號(hào)表示，加注“巡”字。

圖上按真實(shí)方向表示。獨(dú)立、固定的磚墻銀幕、電子屏亦用此符號(hào)表示，電子屏應(yīng)加注“電”字。

報(bào)刊亭、售貨亭、

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面積大于符號(hào)尺寸的依比例尺表示，分別加注“刊”“貨”“票”等。

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移動(dòng)通信塔、微波

消防站、廁所、垃

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注“通信”、“微波”等字。

圖在實(shí)測(cè)建筑物內(nèi)加注“消”、“廁”、“垃”和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)等。1:2000

用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)表示范圍及內(nèi)部建筑物及設(shè)施，并加注名稱注記，無(wú)名稱的加注“垃圾場(chǎng)”。

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較大規(guī)模的綜合商店或?qū)嵭蓄櫩汀白晕曳?wù)”方式的零售商場(chǎng)。

b

b

上救助站救生達(dá)、星地育館技館

表1

表示，并加注相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)注，如“大氣”、“酸雨”、“噪聲”、“土壤”、“放射”等字。

其他接收無(wú)線電信號(hào)的拋物面天線如雷達(dá)、射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡等也用此符號(hào)表示，并分別加注“雷達(dá)”、“射電”等字。

地形圖上當(dāng)圖內(nèi)容納不下名稱注記時(shí)，可用符號(hào)代替名稱注記，符號(hào)表示在主要建筑物上。符號(hào)內(nèi)“文”

“體”“科”“博”“展”等。

在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)內(nèi)加注“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)”或“體育場(chǎng)”三個(gè)字，并加注地面材質(zhì)，跑道同樣加注材質(zhì)（如，沙石、膠、渣等）。

mm

mm

天舞檢閱

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其范圍內(nèi)加注“臺(tái)”字。加注“泳”字。游泳場(chǎng)地的其他設(shè)施以相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示。大型游泳池亦可注出名稱注記。海（湖）邊劃定的游泳場(chǎng)用地類(lèi)界表示范圍，并加注名稱或簡(jiǎn)注“泳”字。符號(hào)繪在測(cè)定常水位的標(biāo)尺位置。水位站、流量站、驗(yàn)潮站分別加注“位”、“量”、“驗(yàn)”字。水文站的房屋

用相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示內(nèi)部地物，并加注名稱；當(dāng)圖內(nèi)容納不下說(shuō)明注記時(shí)，可用符號(hào)代替說(shuō)明注記，符號(hào)表示在觀測(cè)

用相應(yīng)符號(hào)表示內(nèi)部地物，并加注名稱；當(dāng)圖內(nèi)容納不下說(shuō)明注記時(shí)，可用符號(hào)代替說(shuō)明注記，符號(hào)表示在觀測(cè)

文物古跡、宗教、紀(jì)念碑、北回歸線標(biāo)志塔、領(lǐng)海基點(diǎn)

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有名稱的加注名稱，如“十九路軍抗日紀(jì)念碑”。北回歸線標(biāo)志塔是在北回歸線上建造的標(biāo)志性塔形建筑物，也用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“北”字。領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)指向碑是在領(lǐng)海基點(diǎn)上不能直接建立標(biāo)志的情況下，在其附近建立的指向碑，碑上一般刻有領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)的名稱以及該碑到領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)的距離與方位角。領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)指向碑也用紀(jì)念碑符號(hào)表示，并加注基點(diǎn)名稱，如“海鷗島”。

圖上按真實(shí)方向表示。符號(hào)兩端的支柱實(shí)測(cè)表示，中間的可取舍，圖上大于符號(hào)尺寸的，依比例尺表示。臨時(shí)性

各種形式的亭狀建筑物均用此符號(hào)表示。依比例尺表示時(shí)，以工礦實(shí)線表示其底座輪廓，或以虛線表示亭頂?shù)妮?/p>

近代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中留下的，用磚、石、水泥等砌成的近似封閉的矮柱狀建筑，四周留有射擊孔，通常部分埋在地下

有房屋建筑的用實(shí)線表示輪廓，有名稱的加注名稱。如“仁威祖廟”；范圍比較大的古遺址用地類(lèi)界表示，其內(nèi)配置符號(hào)，并加注遺址名稱，如“南越王官署遺址”。

敖包、經(jīng)堆、麻尼

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烽火臺(tái)底座輪廓實(shí)測(cè)表示，加注“烽”字，并測(cè)注比高。

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b

cm

mm

b

網(wǎng)的加注“電”字。圍墻與街道邊線重合或間距在圖上小于

mm

b

mm

建筑物間的懸空建

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mm

臨時(shí)性的不表示，通電的鐵絲網(wǎng)加注“電”字。鐵絲網(wǎng)與街道邊線重合時(shí)，只表示鐵絲網(wǎng)符號(hào)。

b

廣州市“城市原點(diǎn)”主要是傳統(tǒng)文化的象征點(diǎn)，它設(shè)置在廣州市的城市傳統(tǒng)軸線之上（人民公園內(nèi)），象

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m

mm～20

mm

公路按其行政等級(jí)分別用相應(yīng)的國(guó)道、省道、縣道、鄉(xiāng)道及其他公路，專(zhuān)用公路符號(hào)表示。高速公路

C．建筑中的

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M80

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XYQ

縣道、鄉(xiāng)道及其他公路指連接縣城和縣內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的，或國(guó)道、省道以外的縣際、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)際的，由縣、鄉(xiāng)財(cái)政投資、管村道指不屬于鄉(xiāng)道及以上公路的、建制村之間及建制村與外部聯(lián)絡(luò)的主要連接線或可保證晴、雨天汽車(chē)行駛的農(nóng)

cm

各級(jí)公路應(yīng)表示行車(chē)道(圖上兩粗線之間)寬度、路肩(圖上相鄰細(xì)線與粗線之間)寬度。路肩寬度圖上大于

mm

mm

mm

避險(xiǎn)車(chē)道是指在長(zhǎng)陡下坡路段行車(chē)道外側(cè)增設(shè)的供速度失控車(chē)輛駛離正線安全減速的專(zhuān)用車(chē)道。其輔助設(shè)施（路

mm～20

mm

M100磁浮鐵軌、輕軌線

M100

匝道指互通式立體交叉上下各層道路（公路、快速路、主次干道）之間供轉(zhuǎn)彎車(chē)輛行駛的連接道。匝道兩側(cè)的斜坡按路堤表示，支柱不表示。匝道面色與所相連接的道路顏色一致；當(dāng)連接不同等級(jí)道路時(shí)，匝道面色取低等級(jí)道路

mm～20

mm

高速、中運(yùn)量的軌道客運(yùn)線路。均用此符號(hào)表示，磁浮鐵軌加“磁浮”簡(jiǎn)注。

mm～20

mm

mm

mm

表滑槽的實(shí)際寬度，符號(hào)“

”的缺口朝上坡的方向，底線垂直于路線?？繅叺睦L單邊符號(hào)。當(dāng)滑槽寬度在圖上小

mm

b

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

M80

橋梁隧道索道通

mm

mm

mm

一般遵循“上實(shí)下虛、左實(shí)右虛，位置關(guān)系變化處變換虛實(shí)”的原則表示。

mm

人行棧道指開(kāi)鑿于懸崖絕壁，用固定支架而架設(shè)的懸空小道。也用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“棧道”。

mm

mm

mm

f.引橋

橋梁應(yīng)加注建筑材料，如“鋼”、“砼”、“石”、“木”等字，四級(jí)以上公路的橋梁應(yīng)加注載重噸數(shù)。引橋、橋

引橋指連接雙層橋和路堤的架空部分。引橋分鐵路引橋和公路引橋，引橋和連接引橋的鐵路、公路按實(shí)地情況用相

橋頭、橋身和橋墩位置均實(shí)測(cè)表示，加注建造材料，如“鋼”、“砼”等字?？邕^(guò)谷池、洼地或沼澤地的高架鐵路橋，

漫水橋是建在洪水位之下，洪水期時(shí)洪水浸漫過(guò)橋面的橋。浮橋是指船、筏、浮箱等作為橋墩或橋身的橋，必能通過(guò)車(chē)輛的漫水橋、浮橋等用此符號(hào)表示，并分別加“漫”，“浮”等簡(jiǎn)注。

mm

mm

mm

建筑物下的通道、

mm

mm

能載渡人、牲口和大車(chē)的渡口為行人渡口，能載渡汽車(chē)的渡口為汽車(chē)渡口，分別加注“人渡”和“車(chē)渡”。

能涉水過(guò)河的場(chǎng)所，加注“涉”字。

指供機(jī)車(chē)注水的設(shè)備。油鶴亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“油”字。

mm

自行車(chē)租賃點(diǎn)、存

道路反光鏡（廣角

收費(fèi)站的房屋建筑、雨棚等地物用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)表示，有專(zhuān)名的加注名稱，無(wú)專(zhuān)名的加簡(jiǎn)注“費(fèi)”字。

b

mm

電子眼（監(jiān)控設(shè)

交通測(cè)速器加注“測(cè)”字。

管線是各種管道、電力線和通訊線等的總稱，圖上要求準(zhǔn)確反映管線類(lèi)別、實(shí)地點(diǎn)位和走向特征。地下管線在地形

KV

面下管道

設(shè)在房屋內(nèi)的實(shí)測(cè)房屋輪廓線，中間配置符號(hào)，可視情況表示房屋結(jié)構(gòu)注記；露天的按實(shí)際情況用相應(yīng)地物符號(hào)表

供通信的陸地電纜、光纜線路,如電話線、廣播線、電視線等。光纜應(yīng)加注“光”字，較長(zhǎng)時(shí)圖上每隔

cm

有線電視交接箱指有線電視網(wǎng)分線設(shè)備，也用通信交接箱符號(hào)表示，并加注“電視”。

“合”表示污水、雨水合流。

各種管道通過(guò)河流、溝渠時(shí)，在水上通過(guò)的以“架空的”符號(hào)表示，在水下通過(guò)的不表示。

煤氣、天然氣、液化

電纜、光纜分別加注“光”“電”注記。

境界是區(qū)域范圍的分界線，分為國(guó)界和國(guó)家內(nèi)部境界兩種。當(dāng)兩級(jí)以上境界重合時(shí)，按高一級(jí)境界表示。國(guó)家內(nèi)部

境界以線狀地物為界，不能在線狀符號(hào)中心表示時(shí)，可沿兩側(cè)每隔3

cm交錯(cuò)表示出3～4節(jié)符號(hào)，但在境界相“飛地”界線用其所轄屬行政單位的境界符號(hào)表示，并在其范圍內(nèi)加注隸屬注記。

等高線及注記、示坡

風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)以及世界自然或文化遺產(chǎn)、濕地公園、國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園等的范圍界線，廣州市歷史文化街區(qū)的界線也用此符號(hào)

cm

cm

mm

mm。

mm

m；低于0

m

的高程點(diǎn)，應(yīng)在其注記前加“-”號(hào)。

mm

干出灘上應(yīng)表示當(dāng)?shù)囟嗄昶骄Ｋ妫⒓幼ⅰ捌骄Ｋ妗弊⒂?。?dāng)干出灘寬度在圖上小于10

mm時(shí)，不表示當(dāng)

a2.干出高度是指從深度基準(zhǔn)面向上至水下測(cè)點(diǎn)的高度。干出高度注記下加“－”線。

分別用相應(yīng)的符號(hào)表示。符號(hào)上沿的實(shí)線為崩崖上緣棱線，若上緣是陡崖時(shí)加繪陡崖符號(hào)，面積較大時(shí)用等高線配

?符號(hào)上沿的實(shí)線為崖壁上棱線。坡度較大時(shí)以等高線配合陡崖符號(hào)表示。陡坎、陡崖應(yīng)標(biāo)注比高或注出其頂部底部

草、石以及生物降解塑料等材料筑成的方格，分別加注“草”“石”“塑”等。

?

?露巖地指巖石露出地面且分布較集中的地段。圖上用等高線配合散列的石塊符號(hào)表示，在其邊緣處適當(dāng)多配置些石

m

mm

mm

mm

變的單線表示，并加注“裂”字。

面積小的用此符號(hào)表示（符號(hào)的點(diǎn)線朝東南方向，其定位點(diǎn)在橢圓中心）；面積大的按實(shí)際情況用陡坎、陡崖和等高線配合表示，其中心仍需繪出漏斗符號(hào)。黃土漏斗亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“土”字。

?

mm

長(zhǎng)線一般繪至坡腳，短線一般為長(zhǎng)線的三分之一。當(dāng)坡面有明顯坡腳線時(shí)，可用地類(lèi)界表示其坡腳線。坡上、坡下均需

?

mm

m

m）的應(yīng)表示，比高大于

mm

mm

mm

符號(hào)在洞口位置上按真實(shí)方向表示。符號(hào)兩端短線表示洞口寬度；當(dāng)洞口寬度小于3

mm

人工修筑的防空洞和探洞等亦用此符號(hào)表示，并加注相應(yīng)的說(shuō)明注記“防”、“探”等字。

土堆、貝殼堆、礦渣

m

m）的應(yīng)表示，比高大于

沿其頂部概略輪廓表示為實(shí)線，斜坡根據(jù)其坡度大小用斜坡或陡坎符號(hào)表示至坡腳，并標(biāo)注比高；圖上面積小于符號(hào)b的用符號(hào)b表示。海邊的貝殼堆、固定的礦渣堆分別加注“貝殼”、“渣”字。對(duì)于較大的沒(méi)有明顯頂部棱線和坡底輪廓的且獨(dú)立的堆積體，可用地類(lèi)界表示其范圍，內(nèi)部以等高線表示，并加注

植被是指覆蓋在地表上的各種植物總稱。圖上應(yīng)反映出植被類(lèi)別特征和分布范圍。大面積分布的植被在能表達(dá)清楚在同一地段生長(zhǎng)有多種植物時(shí)，植被符號(hào)可配合表示，但不得超過(guò)三種（連同土質(zhì)符號(hào)）。如果種類(lèi)很多，可舍去土質(zhì)指地面表層覆蓋物的類(lèi)別和性質(zhì)。土質(zhì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)部門(mén)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、資源調(diào)查的基本依據(jù)之一，圖上要求正

mm

cm

mm

有噴灌設(shè)備的菜地需加注“噴灌”二字。

50%或每畝株數(shù)大于合理株數(shù)

實(shí)測(cè)范圍并整列式配置符號(hào)，并加注果樹(shù)樹(shù)種名稱，如“蘋(píng)果”、“梨”、“桃”等字。

cm

沿道路、溝渠分布較長(zhǎng)的狹長(zhǎng)灌木林用“c”表示。

在其范圍內(nèi)整列式配置符號(hào)，并加注“苗”字。

行樹(shù)是指沿道路、溝渠、土堤等成行排列的樹(shù)木。行樹(shù)兩端的樹(shù)木實(shí)測(cè)表示，中間配置符號(hào)，符號(hào)間距可放大或縮

實(shí)測(cè)范圍線，整列式配置符號(hào)表示。草坪亦用此符號(hào)表示，加注“草坪”二字。

蘆葦?shù)?、席草地、芒草地及其它高桿草本植物均用此符號(hào)表示，分別加注“葦”、“席”、“芒”等字。

用地類(lèi)界表示，地物用相應(yīng)的地物符號(hào)表示，并加注“臺(tái)田”注記。已長(zhǎng)期種植作物的臺(tái)田以相應(yīng)作物符號(hào)表示。平原地區(qū)由各級(jí)灌排渠道和道路合理布局形成便于機(jī)械化作業(yè)和灌溉排水的條狀農(nóng)田也用此符號(hào)表示，并加注“條田”

cm

m

mm的裸土地，用地類(lèi)界表示分布范圍，加注“裸土地”注記。

實(shí)測(cè)長(zhǎng)度和寬度，加注“防火帶”三字表示。當(dāng)圖上寬度大于

mm

縣（區(qū)）級(jí)政府駐

鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)級(jí)國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)、林

如“

”，音“Lao(撈)”。

mm；

mm；

各種注記的字義、字體、字級(jí)、字向、字序、字位應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，間隔應(yīng)均勻相等，一般應(yīng)根據(jù)所指地物的面積和長(zhǎng)

圖4

cm

cm

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(續(xù))

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