2021年最長壽的人每天睡幾小時(shí)

精選word文檔下載可編輯Contrarytopopularbelief,peoplewhosleepsixtosevenhoursanightlivelonger,andthosewhosleepeighthoursormoredieyounger,accordingtothelateststudyeverconductedonthesubject.Thestudy,whichtrackedthesleepinghabitsof1millionAmericansforsixyears,underminestheadviceofmanysleepdoctorswhohavelongrecommendedthatpeoplegeteightorninehoursofsleepeverynight與人們的普遍觀念恰恰相反，就睡眠所做的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡6-7個(gè)小時(shí)的人要比睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長時(shí)間的人壽命長。這項(xiàng)對110萬美國人的睡眠習(xí)慣進(jìn)行為期6年跟蹤調(diào)查的研究削弱了很多睡眠醫(yī)生長期以來建議人們每晚要睡8-9個(gè)小時(shí)的說法。Theresanoldideathatpeopleshouldsleepeighthoursanight,whichhasnomorescientificbasisthanthegoldattheendoftherainbow,saidDanielKripke,aprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegowholedthestudy,publishedinarecentissueoftheArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry.Thatsanoldwivestale.舊的觀念認(rèn)為人們每晚應(yīng)睡足8小時(shí)，但其實(shí)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)就如同彩虹末端的金色一樣毫無科學(xué)依據(jù)，圣狄哥加州大學(xué)的精神病學(xué)教授DanielKripke說道，他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果發(fā)表在最近一期的《大眾精神病學(xué)檔案》上。這一觀點(diǎn)不過是老婦人的老生常談而已。Thestudywasnotdesignedtoanswerwhysleepinglongermaybedeleteriousorwhetherpeoplecouldextendtheirlifespanbysleepingless這項(xiàng)研究目的不是試圖解釋為何睡得多可能是有害的，也不是解釋人們能否通過減少睡眠來延長壽命。ButKripkesaiditwaspossiblethatpeoplewhosleptlongertendedtosufferfromsleepapnea,aconditionwhereimpairedbreathingputsstressontheheartandbrain.Healsospeculatedthattheneedforsleepwasakintofood,wheregettinglessthanpeoplewantmaybebetterforthem但Kripke說這有可能是由于睡得多的人就容易遭受睡眠中的呼吸暫停，這是一種減弱呼吸給心臟和大腦帶來壓力的狀況。他還認(rèn)為人們對睡眠的需求就如同對食物需求一樣，實(shí)際攝入量比需求量少一點(diǎn)可能對健康有益。Thestudyquicklyprovokedcautionsandcriticism,withsomesleepexpertssayingthatthemainprobleminAmericassleephabitswasdeprivation,notsleepingtoomuch這項(xiàng)研究立刻引發(fā)了很多告誡和批評，一些睡眠專家說美國人睡眠習(xí)慣存在的主要問題是人們?nèi)鄙偎?，而不是已?jīng)睡得太多。Noneofthissayssleepkillspeople,saidDanielBuysse,aUniversityofPittsburghpsychiatristandtheimmediatepastpresidentoftheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.匹茲堡大學(xué)精神病學(xué)家，即美國睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)剛剛離任的前任會(huì)長DanielBuysse說這決不是說睡眠導(dǎo)致死亡。Youshouldsleepasmuchasyouneedtofeelawake,alertandattentivethenextday,Buysseadded.Immuchmoreconcernedaboutpeopleshort-changingthemselvesonsleepthanpeoplesleepingtoolong.你的睡眠要足夠使你第二天保持清醒、警覺和專注，Buysse補(bǔ)充道。我對人們減少自己睡眠時(shí)間的擔(dān)心要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過對他們睡得太多的擔(dān)心。Sleeplessnessproducesavarietyofhealthconsequencesthatwerenotmeasuredinthestudy,criticssaid批評者們說這項(xiàng)研究未能考慮失眠對人們健康所造成的種種后果。Theamountofsleepyougetimpactshowalertyouare,yourriskforaccidents,howyouperformatworkandschool,saidJamesWalsh,presidentoftheNationalSleepFoundation,anon-profitthatadvocatesforbettersleephabits.Theresmuchmoretolifethanhowlongyoulive.睡眠時(shí)間的長短會(huì)影響你的警覺程度、出事故的可能性和你工作表現(xiàn)以及學(xué)習(xí)成績，JamesWalsh說，他是國家睡眠基金會(huì)主席，該基金會(huì)是一家致力于提倡改善睡眠習(xí)慣的非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu)。生命的意義遠(yuǎn)不只是在于它的長短。ThestudyuseddatafromanextensivesurveyconductedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyfrom1992to199Womensleeping8,9and10hoursanighthad13percent,23percentand41percenthigherriskofdying,respectively,thanthosewhoslept7hours,thestudyfound.Mensleeping8,9and10hoursanighthad12percent,17percentand34percentgreaterriskofdyingwithinthestudyperiod這項(xiàng)研究利用了美國癌癥學(xué)會(huì)在1992-1998年期間開展的一次廣泛調(diào)查所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)，它發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡8、9和10個(gè)小時(shí)的女性與睡7小時(shí)的女性相比，死亡率分別上升了13%、23%和41%。在此研究期間，每晚睡8、9和10個(gè)小時(shí)的男性與睡7小時(shí)男性相比，死亡率則上升了12%、17%和34%。Bycontrast,sleepingfivehoursanightincreasedtheriskforwomenbyonly5percent,andformen,by11percent.Amongpeoplewhosleptjustthreehoursanight,womenhada33percentincreaseindeath,andmenhada19percentincrease,comparedwiththosewhosleptsevenhours與此相比，每晚睡5個(gè)小時(shí)的女性的死亡率僅上升了5%，男性上升了11%。在每晚僅睡3個(gè)小時(shí)的人群中，與睡7個(gè)小時(shí)的人相比，女性死亡率上升33%，男性上升19%。Kripke,thenewstudysleader,pointedoutthatrelativelyfewpeoplesleptsolittle--1in1,000--whereasalmosthalfofallpeopleslepteighthoursormore領(lǐng)導(dǎo)此項(xiàng)研究的Kripke指出相對而言，睡這么少的人比較少千分之一而已，而近乎有一半的人要睡8個(gè)小時(shí)甚至更多。Thestudyalsofoundthattakingasleepingpilleverydayincreasedtheriskofdeathby25percent研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)每天服一粒安眠藥會(huì)導(dǎo)致死亡率上升25%。Herecommendedthatpeopleshouldnotroutinelytakepillstogeteighthoursofsleep.Whileacknowledgingthatthesleepingpillsusedfrom1992to1998werenotthesamepillsbeingusedtoday,Kripkesaid,withoutdatashowingthatcontemporarypillsaresafe,thesedataprovidethebestinformationaboutwhethersleepingpillsaresafeforlong-termuse.他建議人們不要為了達(dá)到8小時(shí)的睡眠就經(jīng)常服用安眠藥。雖然Kripke承認(rèn)1992-1998年期間所使用的安眠藥和今天的安眠藥不一樣了，但是他說，只要還沒有數(shù)據(jù)表明當(dāng)今的安眠藥是安全的，這些數(shù)據(jù)在說明安眠藥長期服用是否安全方面就仍有說服力。Kripke,whosestudywasfundedbyfederaltaxdollars,saiddoctorsrecommendationsthateveryonegeteighthoursofsleepanightmayhavebeenpartlyinfluencedbythedrugcompaniesthatmakesleepingpills.HecitedareportfromapublicrelationsfirmrepresentingthemedicineAmbien,whichgavemoneytotheNationalSleepFoundationtoalertpeopleaboutaninsomniapublichealthcrisisaspartofamarketingcampaignKripke的研究是由聯(lián)邦政府資助的，他說醫(yī)生們之所以建議每人每晚睡8小時(shí)，這在一定程度上可能是受到了安眠藥生產(chǎn)公司的影響。他引用了一家公共關(guān)系公司撰寫的關(guān)于Ambien藥廠的報(bào)告作為例子。該報(bào)告指出Ambien藥廠資助了國家睡眠基金會(huì)來警告人們失眠問題已造成一場公共健康危機(jī)，而這其實(shí)是Ambien藥廠營銷活動(dòng)的一部分。BothBuysseandWalshhaveservedaspaidconsultantstomakersofsleepingpills,butbothdeniedbeinginfluencedbythatrole.Walshsaidmostresearchersinthefieldhadacceptedconsultingfeesfromthecompanies,because99percentofthefundingtosupportthistypeofresearchisfrompharmaceuticalcompanies.Buysse和Walsh都在擔(dān)任安眠藥生產(chǎn)廠家的顧問，而且拿薪水，但是他們兩人都否認(rèn)受到了這一職位的影響。Walsh說這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的大多數(shù)研究者都接受藥廠支付的咨詢費(fèi)，因?yàn)檫@類研究經(jīng)費(fèi)有99%是醫(yī)藥公司資助的。Buysse,whowroteaneditorialaccompanyingKripkesarticle,saidmoreresearchwasneededtopindownexactlywhattheconnectionwasbetweensleepandtheriskofdeath.Thestudyreliedonpeoplesownreportsoftheirsleepinghabits,whichcanbefaulty.Whenpeopleareaskedhowlongtheysleep,theyusuallyreporthowlongtheyspendinbed,Buyssesaid.Buysse為Kripke的文章配發(fā)了一篇社論，他說有必要做進(jìn)一步的研究以確定睡眠和死亡率之間究竟是什么聯(lián)系。他說這一研究靠的是人們對自己睡眠習(xí)慣的匯報(bào)，而這有可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)。當(dāng)問人們睡多長時(shí)間時(shí)，他們通常匯報(bào)的是他們在床上呆的時(shí)間。Thatcouldmeanthatpeoplewhoreportedsleepingeighthourswerereallysleepingaroundsevenandahalfhours,whichwouldbringthemintothe