underthesea第三課時(shí)學(xué)案

Book7Unit3UndertheSeaPeriod3LearningaboutlanguageGrammar導(dǎo)學(xué)案年級(jí):高二學(xué)科:英語(yǔ)教材版本:人教課標(biāo)課題:UndertheSea.課型：NewTeachingLearningaims(學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)):Tomasterthestructureof“thePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform”andtheNewwordspark,snorkel,rent,seaside,net,beawareof,.Importantpoints(學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)):Tomastertheusageofthe“thePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform”Difficultpoints(學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)):Howtounderstandthestructureof“thePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform”Learningguide(方法引導(dǎo)):LiseninganddoingexercisesLearningProcedures(學(xué)習(xí)過程):Step1:Warming-up完成22頁(yè)RevisingusefulstructuresExercise1，總結(jié)動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法。Suggestedanswers:1）DiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsExercise1：accomodationshorepacksnorkellingdepthinthemeanwhileExercise2：annualwitnessedhelpedoutaheadoffleerelationshipdraggedabandonyellSteptwo:Studyingthe“thePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform”V-ing作動(dòng)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)名詞在形式上，和現(xiàn)在分詞相同，然而現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)；而動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的特點(diǎn)。因此在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。有時(shí)它可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。一、V-ing形式的名詞特征V-ing形式否定形式為notdoing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Layingeggsistheantqueen’sfull-timejob.主語(yǔ)Herjobisteaching.表語(yǔ)Heisfondofplayingfootball.賓語(yǔ)developingcountries

定語(yǔ)workingpeople定語(yǔ)二、V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)1．V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.大聲朗讀對(duì)我們學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)是很重要的。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.早睡早起被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。V-ing形式在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)。It‘snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.在這兒等沒好處，咱們回家吧。Itisnouseyourcomplaining;thecompanywon’tdoanythingaboutit.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會(huì)管的。②V-ing形式在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile/worth等形容詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.

用這種方法去測(cè)量光速是危險(xiǎn)的。

Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.

很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個(gè)問題。③V-ing形式在“Thereis(was)no+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.

這種事開不得玩笑。⒉V-ing作賓語(yǔ)①有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟V-ing作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：admit承認(rèn)；excuse原諒；postpone拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象practice練習(xí)；appreciate欣賞；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forbid禁止；propose建議；consider考慮；forgive寬恕；delay耽擱；imagine想象；resent厭惡；deny否認(rèn)；resist抵制；keep保留；risk冒險(xiǎn)；dislike討厭；mind在意；miss錯(cuò)過；suggest建議；enjoy喜歡；pardon原諒；escape逃避Hemanagedtoescapesufferingfromthedisease.

他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。②有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：can’tstand忍不住；can’thelp忍不??；feellike想欲；giveup放棄；putoff推遲Afterhearingthefunnystory,allofuscouldn'thelplaughingeartoear.

聽完了那個(gè)滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α?。③V-ing形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后做賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的介詞短語(yǔ)有：insteadof,lookforwardto,objectto,keepon,seeabout,taketo等。I'mlookingforwardtoyourcomingnexttime.

我期待著您下一次的到來。④在“havedifficulty(trouble,problem,ahardtime,fun,agoodtime)(+in)+V-ing形式；bebusy(in)+V-ing形式；wastetime(in)+V-ing形式；losttime(in)+V-ing形式；Thereisnopoint(in)+V-ing形式”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，V-ing形式做介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常要省去。Thereisnopoint(in)makingthesimpleexperimentsonceagain.再做一次這種簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無意義的。【注意】1.只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit,abhor,acknowledge,advise,advocate,avoid,confess,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,discontinue,dislike,enjoy,excuse,face,fancy,finish,grudge,can'thelp,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,necessitate,pardon,postpone,practise,renounce,resent,require,stand,suggest,understand,giveup,leaveoff,putoff等等。2.在下列動(dòng)詞之后即可以用不定式，也可以用動(dòng)名詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,commence,start,continue,attempt,intend,propose,can'tbear,cease,choose,decline,deserve,disdain,dread,endure,forget,learn,mean,neglect,omit,recollect,recall,regret,try等等。例如：Doyoulikeswimming(toswim)?你喜歡游泳嗎？3.下列動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，但所表示的意思不同。例如：1)remembertodosomething記住要做某事rememberdoingsomething記得曾經(jīng)做過某事例如：Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得我把封信發(fā)出了。Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)信。2)forgettodosomething忘記要做某事forgetdoing忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事例如：IshallneverforgetseeingtheSwissAlpsforthefirsttime.我將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我第一次游覽瑞士阿爾卑斯山的情景。Iamafraidhewillforgettowritetome.恐怕他會(huì)忘記寫信給我。3)stoptodosomething停下某事去做……stopdoingsomething停止做某事例如：Ireallymuststopsmoking.我的確該戒煙。4)trytodosomething設(shè)法做某事trydoingsomething(做某事)試試?yán)纾篢rytodoyourdutywell.盡力做好本職工作。Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.前門沒有人聽見你的聲音，那么敲敲后門試一試。5)regrettodosomething因做某事感到悲哀（不愉快）regretdoing因做某事感到后悔例如：Iregretcausinghimsomuchinconvenience.我因給他帶來許多不便而感到懊悔。Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouremployment.我很抱歉地通知你，我們不能接受你的雇用。6)meandoing意味著或意思是meantodosomething打算做某事或想要做某事例如：Weknowthatlearningalanguagedoesnotmeanjustworkinginaclass.我們知道，學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言并不意味著只是在課堂里學(xué)習(xí)。Ididn'tmeantohurtyourfeelings.我并沒有想傷害你的感情。7)goontodosomething（做完某事）接著做另一件事goondoingsomething繼續(xù)做某事例如：Ihopeitwon'tgoonsnowingalldayandallnight.我希望雪不要整天整夜下個(gè)不停。Ourteacherwelcomedthenewstudentsandthenwentontoexplaintheschoolregulations.在歡迎新生后，我們的老師開始解釋學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。8)needtodosomething需要做某事（表示主動(dòng)）needdoingsomething需要……（表示被動(dòng)）例如：Youneedtoworkharder.你需要更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Yourhouseneedspainting.你的房子需要油漆了。9)wanttodosomething想做某事（表示主動(dòng)）wantdoing需要……（表示被動(dòng)）例如：IwanttostudyFrench.我想學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。Theelectricshaverwantsrepairingbeforeitcanbeused.電動(dòng)剃須刀需經(jīng)修理才能使用。10)begin和start在下列三種情況下最好用動(dòng)名詞。A.主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)。例如：Theicebegan(started)tomelt.冰開始融化。B.當(dāng)begin或start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。例如：Sheisbeginning(starting)tocookthedinner.她開始做飯。C.當(dāng)begin或start后面的動(dòng)詞指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí)。例如：Ibegantounderstandmypastmistakes.我開始認(rèn)識(shí)自己過去的錯(cuò)誤。11)請(qǐng)比較以下句子：Thebuseshaveceasedrunning.公共汽車已經(jīng)停了。第一句的意思可能是：“公共汽車今天停開，但是明天將再開。“第二個(gè)句子的意思可能是：“公共汽車將停開很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間，也可能永遠(yuǎn)不再開了?！?2)在like,hate,prefer動(dòng)詞后，如果表示一般傾向，多用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果指特定的或具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，用不定式。例如：IpreferreadingtowatchingTV.我情愿看書，不愛看電視。IprefertowatchTVtoday.我今天情愿看電視。13)beafraidtodosomething害怕（不敢）去做某事，（常會(huì)發(fā)生對(duì)自己或別人有傷害或令人畏懼的結(jié)果）；而beafraidofdoingsomething表示害怕（擔(dān)心）會(huì)發(fā)生某種不愿發(fā)生的或不應(yīng)發(fā)生的情況（不一定是令人畏懼的情況），可譯為“唯恐(怕)”。例如：Iamafraidofaskingtheteacher.我害怕問老師。（要麻煩老師，是我不希望發(fā)生的）Iamafraidtoasktheteacher.我不敢問老師。（表示有必要去問，但老師可能要批評(píng)我）二、動(dòng)名詞可具有時(shí)態(tài)意義

動(dòng)名詞有一般式（doing）和完成式（havingdone）之分。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念，從屬于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一般式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動(dòng)作，沒有時(shí)間概念；完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。Thesecretarywasscoldedfornothavingfinishedtypingthereportintime.

那位秘書因沒有按時(shí)將報(bào)告打印出來而受責(zé)備。(動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài))

Iregrethavingsaidsomerudewordstomybrother.

我后悔對(duì)我弟弟說了些粗話。三、動(dòng)名詞可具有語(yǔ)態(tài)意義

如果動(dòng)名詞與句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即邏輯主語(yǔ)是接受動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作，需用其被動(dòng)形式（beingdone，havingbeendone）。其否定形式是：notbeingdone,nothavingbeendonePeoplehatebeingpraisedfornothing.

人們不喜歡無緣無故的贊揚(yáng)。

Theproblemisfarfrombeingsolved.

這問題遠(yuǎn)沒得到解決。

Shedidn'tmindbeingleftaloneathome.

她不介意被一人留在家里。注意①在want，need，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Yourcarneedsfilling.你這車要充氣了。②在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.Thebookisworthreading.③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.同步練習(xí):（福建卷）1.______inthequeenforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedbehadleftthechequeinthecar.A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingWaitedD.Tohavewaited（山東卷）2.Lucy’snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade______intherestaurant.A.working B.work C.towork D.worked（江西卷）3.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted（天津卷）4._____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown（重慶卷）5.__toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed(上海卷)6.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle___tobalanceit.A.havingtried B.trying C.totry D.triedKeys：1-6CABCDBStepthree:PracticeAskstudentstofillintheblankswithcorrectformofthewordsinthebrackets(Page64).Suggestedanswers:1)beinginvited2)beingkeptwaiting3)beingattacked4)beingawarded5)beingshouted6)beingblamed:StepFour.consolidationAskSstofinishtheexercisesonPage63.Suggestedanswers:Exerxise1:NOUNADJECTIVENOUNADJECTIVEanecdoteanecdotalpoisonPisonousdepthdeeppuritypuremagicmagicalsharpnesssharpdimentiondimentionalnarrownessnarrowbeautybeautifultaste/tastinesstastawarenessawareshallownessshallowvividnessvividaweawesomeStep5: Homework 1)Rrewritethesentenceswiththestructureof“thethePassiveVoiceoftheV–ing”.2)Reviewtheusageof“thePassiveVoiceofthe-ingform”.自我測(cè)評(píng)(thePassiveVoiceoftheV–ing專練)1．Don'tforget_____thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturning2．Onlyoneofthesebooksis_____.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading3．Wearebothlookingforwardto_____nextweek.A.goingonvacationB.goonvacationC.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacation4．Hehadnodifficulty_____theproblems.A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkout5.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A．hasbeenlaunchedB．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunchedD．tobelaunched7.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice!A.totake B.taking C.nottotake D.nottaking8.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow______here.A.peoplesmoking B.peoplesmokeC.tosmoke D.smoking9.Allthestaff{nourcompanyareconsideringtothecitycentre