2021-2022年浙江省杭州市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2021-2022年浙江省杭州市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.IsStressMakingYouFat?

TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble

Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.

Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.

Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)andinsulin(胰島素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefat,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.

Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeelgoodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.

Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷爾蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,bad-for-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.

MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor

Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.

Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.

Greenteacontainscatechins(兒茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.

SleepYourselfSlim

Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.

Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.

Variety:TheSpiceofLife?

Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.

Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike-saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andhav

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Incompatiblecommunicationsisacountry-wideproblemintheU.S.becauseofthe______whichshouldbeconvertedorreplaced.

3.

Accordingtosomeresearchers,______inthebodycangiverisetocertainmentalchanges.

4.

MaryLynMiller'sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Elderlypeopleretaintheirabilitytorememberinformationbrieflybutareunabletoturnitinto______.

6.

AccordingtotheUSDA,___________________tendtobereducedinorganicfoodproduction.

7.

Careerstudentsusuallycontributemoretotheclassdiscussionbecauseoftheir______.

A.intelligenceandabilities

B.willingnesstoparticipate

C.agreeablepersonality

D.experienceintheworld

8.

Bionicsisastudyinsearchofprincipleapplicabletoengineeringbystudyingoflivingcreatures.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Hedonicadaptationmeanspeoplealwaysreturntotheirusuallevelofhappinessafterthetemporarysatisfaction.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.TheGeodesicDome(圓頂屋)--theHouseoftheFuture?

R.BuckminsterFullerspentmuchoftheearly20thCenturylookingforwaystoimprovehumanshelterbyapplyingmoderntechnologicalknow-howtoshelterconstruction,makingsheltermorecomfortableandefficient,andmoreeconomicallyavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.

Afteracquiringsomeexperienceinthebuildingindustryanddiscoveringthetraditionalpracticesandperceptionswhichseverelylimitchangesandimprovementsinconstructionpractices,Fullercarefullyexaminedandimprovedinteriorstructureequipment,includingthetoilet,theshower,andthebathroomasawhole.Hestudiedstructureshells,anddevisedanumberofalternatives,eachlessexpensive,lighter,andstrongerthantraditionalwood,brick,andstonebuildings.

In1944,theUnitedStatessufferedaserioushousingshortage.GovernmentofficialsknewthatFullerhaddevelopedaprototypeoffamilydwellingwhichcouldbeproducedrapidly,usingthesameequipmentwhichhadpreviouslybuiltwar-timeairplanes.Theycouldbe"installed"anywhere,thewayatelephoneisinstalled,andwithlittleadditionaldifficulty.WhenoneofficialflewtoWichita,Kansastoseethishouse,whichBeechAircraftandFullerbuilt,themanreportedlygasped,"MyGod!Thisisthehouseofthefuture!"

Soon,unsolicitedcheckspouredinfrompeoplewhowantedtopurchasethisnewkindofhouse,butFullerwasneverabletogetitintofullproduction.Thiswasduetomanyobstaclessuchasonlyunioncontractorswereabletohookthehousesuptowater,powerandsewersinmanycities.However,becausethehouseswerealreadywiredandhadtheplumbinginstalledbytheaircraftcompany,manyconstructiontradeunionsmadeitclearthattheywouldnotworkonthehouses.Therewerealsoin-housedifferencesbetweenFullerandthestockholders.Fullerdidnotfeelthehousedesignwascomplete;therewereproblemshewantedtofix.Butthestockholderswantedtomoveahead.However,themainobstructionwasobtainingthefinancingforthetoolingcosts,whichwerepurposefullynotincludedinthenegotiationswithinvestors.Nobankwouldfinancetheprojectwithunionproblemsandstockholderbattles.

Afterthewar,Fuller'seffortsfocusedontheproblemofhowtobuildashelterwhichissolightweightthatitcanbedeliveredbyair.Sheltershouldbemobilewhichwouldrequiregreatbreakthroughsintheweight-reductionofthematerials.Technologywouldhavetofollownature'sdesignasseenbythespider'swebwhichcanfloatinahurricanebecauseofitshighstrength-to-weightratio.NewshelterwouldhavetobedesignedthatassimilatestheseprinciplesandthatwasFuller'sintent.

OneofthewaysBuckminsterFullerwoulddescribethedifferencesinstrengthbetweenarectangleandatrianglewouldbeapplypressuretobothstructures.Therectanglewouldfoldupandbeunstablebutthetrianglewithstandsthepressureandismuchmorerigid--infactthetriangleistwiceasstrong.Thisprincipledirectedhisstudiestowardcreatinganewarchitecturaldesign,thegeodesicdome,basedalsouponhisideaof"doingmorewithless".Fullerdiscoveredthatifasphericalstructurewascreatedfromtriangles,itwouldhaveincomparablestrength.

Thesphereusesthe"doingmorewithless"principleinthatitenclosesthelargestvolumeofinteriorspacewiththeleastamountofsurfaceareathussavingonmaterialsandcost.Fullerreintroducedtheideathatwhenthesphere'sdiameterisdoubleditwillquadrupleitssquarefootageandproduceeighttimesthevolume.

Thespherical(球形的)structureofadomeisoneofthemostefficientinterioratmospheresforhumandwellingsbecauseairandenergyareallowedtocirculatewithoutobstruction.Thisenablesheatingandcoolingtooccurnatu

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Nicetreesaddtoahouse'smarketvalue.Onestudyshowedthattreescould______.

12.

Sinceinreality,mostofusprobablyareonlyinvolvedinthreephase-setofdirections,itismeaninglessforthestudentstonegotiateexhaustivedirections.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare___________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

14.WhatisthedifferencebetweenJoostandKaZaAaccordingtoFredrikdeWahl?

A.KaZaAbenefitedtheindustrywhichitentered.

B.KaZaAdidn'timpacttheindustrywhichitentered.

C.Joostdoesn'tthreatentheindustrywhichit'sentering.

D.Joostnegativelyimpactstheindustrywhichit'sentering.

15.Smokersandpeoplewhoneversmokewillnotbeoverweight.

16.Ajoint-stockcorporationallowspeopleto______.

A.dividethecorporation'sproperty

B.holdsharesofthecorporation

C.returntheirpercentagebacktothecorporation

D.dividetheirinitialinvestmentstoacorporation

17.WhatdoweknowaboutMarkinthefilmTheInventionofLying!

A.Helookstoothinforhisdate.

B.Heisthemosthonestman.

C.Lyingchangeshislifecompletely.

D.Helivesinalyingworld.

18.

Withallthesepossiblechangesintheworkplaceorworkpatterns,peoplemayfinditeasierto______betweenworkandfamilylife.

19.ComparedwiththenumberofAmericanpeoplewhohadtheirbloodcholesterollevelscheckedin1990was______thanthatofin1983.

20.

Whenparentsseparate,itisadvisableforthemtoreachsensibleandfairdecisionstoreducethechildren'sinjuryat______degree.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(18)

A.Toapplyforascholarship,oneneedsaBaverage.

B.StudentswithmorethanaBaveragecanapplyforscholarship.

C.NoonecanmakeaBaveragetogetthescholarship.

D.StudentswhomakeaBaveragecanworkoncampus.

22.(29)

A.Itisnotcomfortable.

B.Itisdifficulttosteer.

C.Itcannotgolongdistanceswithoutrecharging.

D.Itsengineeasilyoverheats.

23.(35)

A.InSaintBethlehem,USA.

B.InMelbourne,Australia.

C.InTennessee,USA.

D.InRome,Italy.

24.聽力原文：M:Hello,thisisCarl'sGarage.WefoundMr.Wood'sbriefcaseandwallethereafterhelefthiscarthismorning.

W:Hehasbeenwonderingwherehecouldhaveleftthem.He'llpickthemupthisafternoon.Hehastogoouttothebankandthepostoffice.Thankyouforcalling.

Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Woodfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Trytooperatetheprogram.

B.Waitforthemanual.

C.Askthewomanaboutaniceplacetogorunning.

D.Placeanorderfromthemenu.

25.(24)

A.Studentsarenotrequiredtoattendregularclasslectures.

B.Theprofessorvideotapesclasslecturesforreview.

C.Classesareheldatvariouslocationsthroughoutthearea.

D.Studentsreceivecreditforworkexperience.

26.聽力原文：M:Icouldn'tputupwithmywifeanylonger.Idon'tknowwhyshealwayswantstolookateverythinginsuchanegativewayandtodiscourageotherpeople.

W:Maybeyoushouldtrytogettoknowsomethingaboutherchildhoodandtrytohelpherout.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(15)

A.Theman'swifeshouldtrytobemoreunderstanding.

B.Thedepressionoftheman'swifemaybetheresultofherpastexperiences.

C.Theman'snegativeattitudemaybederivedfromhischildhood.

D.Itiseasyforthemantohelphiswifeoutofpessimism.

27.聽力原文：W:Hi,Bill,howisitgoing?

M:Oh,hi,Jane.I'mOK.Howaboutyou?

W:Youcanprobablytelljustbylookingatme.I'mreallybusy.Hey,whatareyoureading?

M:Aprettyinterestingarticle.Mybiologyprofessorassignedit,andIthoughtIwouldjustlookitover.ButIgotreallyinvolvedinit.It'saboutendangeredspecies.

W:Thatsoundsprettyinteresting.I'mgettingfrustratedwiththetworesearchpapersI'mstrugglingwith.

M:Oh?

W:Andcanyoubelievetheyarebothdueonthesameday?

M:That'stough.

W:I'llgetthroughit.Sowhat'sthisyouarereading?

M:Well,it'sbasicallyaboutthechoicesconservationistsarefacedwith.Youknow,thesedayswhenfundingissohardtocomeby.

W:Waitaminute.Doesitfocusonbiologyoreconomics?

M:Both.Conservationistsdon'thaveenoughfundingtosaveeveryendangeredspeciesintheworld,sotheyhavetodecidebasedonwhatwouldbelostifaspeciesbecameextinct.

W:Canyougivemeanexampleofwhatyoumean?

M:Takeforinstance,twoanimals,thespottedowlandthetailedtoad.Thearticlesaysthetoadisunique.Ithasnorelatives.Buttherearealotofvarietiesofowls.

W:So,ifthattoadbecameextinct,we'dloseanimportantlinkinthechainofevolution,right?

M:Exactly.Butthatisn'tsofortheowl.Soforconservationists,itmightbeaclearchoicewhichanimaltosave.

W:Isee.IamgladIdon'thavetomakethatkindofdecision.Aren'tyou?

(20)

A.Shedoesn'tknowwhichtopictochoose.

B.Herassignmentsaredueonthesameday.

C.She'sconcernedaboutthespottedowl.

D.Shedislikeshereconomicsclass.

28.(36)

A.Programscanbetransmittedliveinternationally.

B.Astronautshaveregularlysenttelecasttotheearth.

C.Manyprogramsaretelevisedlivefromallovertheworld.

D.Livetelecastsnowcomefromouterspace.

29.(22)

A.Inaneighbor'shouse.

B.Inamovietheater.

C.Athome.

D.Onthestreet.

30.(34)

A.Achangeinthestatusofeducatedpeople.

B.Achangeinthenatureofreading.

C.Anincreaseinthenumberofbooks.

D.Anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders.

31.

【B9】

32.(28)

A.Withtheirfather.

B.Withtheirmother.

C.Withtheirgrandparents.

D.Partofthetimewithmother,partwithfather.

33.聽力原文：W:Mr.Deluca,you'vebeenaracing-driverformorethantenyears.You'vehadaverydangerouslife,haven'tyou?Imean,you'vealmostbeenkilledacoupleoftimesduringtheseyears,haven'tyou?

M:Yes,Isupposethat'sright.

W:Whenwasyourworstaccident?

M:I'dsaylastyears.ItwasduringtheBritishGrandPrixlastSeptember.InthemiddleoftheraceIsmashedintoawall.Thecarwascompletelyruinedandmyleftlegwasbroken.Luckily,nobodywaskilled.

W:Isthattheonlytimeyou'vebeen..er…closetodeath?

M:No.Once,duringtheMexicanGrandPrix,twocarsinfrontofmehadabadaccident.Oneofthemranintotheother.Iswervedtoavoidthemandhitafence.MycarwasbadlydamagedbutluckilyIwasn'tevenhurt.

W:Youmustenjoydanger.Imean,youwouldn'tbearacing-driverifyoudidn't,wouldyou?

M:Idon'tknowaboutthat.Ihadaveryfrighteningexperiencequiterecently.Iwasfrightenedtodeath!IthoughtIwasgoingtobekilledatanymoment.

W:Really?Whenwasthat?Duringyourlastrace?

M:No.Itwasonmywaytothisstudio.IhadtodrivethroughLondonstreetsduringthelunchhour.Thereweresomanycarsallaroundmeandtheyweresoclosetoeachother.

(23)

A.He'salwaysgotinvolvedintrafficaccidents.

B.He'snearlysmashedintoawallseveraltimes.

C.He'ssometimesruntheriskofbeingkilled.

D.He'srunintoanothercarinfrontofhim.

34.(25)

A.Days.B.Weeks.C.Months.D.Years.

35.聽力原文：W:Didyouhearifthedebateteamisgoingontothestatecompetition?Ordidtheygeteliminated?

M:Actually,Ihaven'tbeenfollowingtheirprogressthisyear,becauseI'mverybusythesedays.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Hehasn'ttakenpartinadebatethisyear.

B.Hebelievestheteamwaseliminatedalready.

C.Hedoesn'tknowiftheteamwassuccessful.

D.Heistoobusytogotothecompetitionwiththewoman.

36.(26)

A.Beautiful.B.Noworsethannow.C.Terrible.D.Joyful.

37.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.She'snotsureshe'llbeseeingJulia.

B.She'llphoneJuliaseveraldaystater.

C.Shedoesn'tthinkJuliaknowsaboutregistration.

D.She'ssureJuliawillhelptheprofessorwithcourseregistration.

38.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：(26)Afewmonthsago,millionsofpeopleinLondonheardalarmsalloverthetown.Emergencyservices,thefiredepartments,thepolice,hospitalsandambulancesstoodby,readytogointoaction.Inrailwayandundergroundstations,peoplereadnoticesandmaps,whichtoldthemwheretogoandwhattodointheemergency.(26)ThiswasExerciseFloodcall,topreparepeopleforafloodemergence.Londonwasn'tflooded,yet.Butitispossiblethatitwouldbe.In1236andin1663,Londonwasbadlyflooded.In1928,peoplelivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,drownedinfloods.Andin1953,100people,livingontheeasternedgeoftheLondonsuburbs,werekilledagaininthefloods.Atlast,GreaterLondonCounciltookactiontopreventthisdisasterfromhappeningagain.(27)Thoughafloodwallwasbuiltin1980s,Londonersstillmustbepreparedforthepossibledisaster.Ifithappens,50undergroundstationswillbeunderwater.Electricity,gas,andphoneserviceswillbeoutofaction.Roadswillbedrowned.ItwillbeimpossibletocrossanyofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondon.Imagine!LondonwilllooklikethefamousItaliancity,Venice.(28)ButthisExerciseFloodcalldidn'tcausepanicamongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjustawarning.Oneladysaid,"It'safloodwarning,isn'tit?Thewaterdoesn'tlookhightome."

(27)

A.OnebridgebetweenNorthandSouthLondoncollapsed.

B.TheheartofLondonwasflooded.

C.Anemergencyexercisewasconducted.

D.Ahundredpeopleinthesuburbsweredrowned.

39.

【B6】

40.聽力原文：W:I'mafraidwe'llbelatefortheparty.Haveyougotthetime,Jack?Yourwatchcertainlykeepsverygoodtimesinceyouboughtitonlylastmonth.

M:No.EversinceIboughtit,itgainsaboutfiveminutesaday.SoI'vegottohaveitrepaired.

Q:Whydoesthemanrepairhiswatch?

(16)

A.Becausehiswatchhasstopped.

B.Becausehiswatchisslow.

C.Becausehiswatchisfast.

D.Becausehiswatchislost.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Aftersomeanalysisandcomparisonwork,scientistsbecamesurethatSkhulshellscouldbeover______.

42.

【C3】

43.【S2】

44.

Foronereasonoranother,people'sexposuretothemediaisoften______.

45.

TheauthorsuggeststheDr.Mahathir'scommentsonthecurrencyproblems______.

A.provethathehasbeenapoorleaderingeneral

B.arepoorbecausetheyweakenhisowncredibility

C.aresharpinidentifyingthecauseoftheproblem

D.revealhiskeeninsightintothecomplexissue

46.

【C8】

47.

Sony'sQRIOcouldcarryoutallthefollowingworkEXCEPT______.

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

48.

【C6】

49.Accordingtohistoricalfacts,people'sabnormalbehavior.andhearingvoiceswereconsideredthesignof______.

50.

【C5】

51.

Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"______inAmericansociety.

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeople

C.haslungbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

52.

Theauthorexpectsthatthefamilyeconomicswilldevelopintoa______model.

53.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Kidsareinfewerdangersthangrown-upsinMexicoCity.

B.TheauthorisanativeMexican.

C.Theauthor'shusbandisapediatrician.

D.TheMexicanhistoryandcultureappealtotheauthor.

54.

Studiesofmarriagerelationshipsindicatethat______.

A.oppositesgetonbetterthansimilarpersonalities

B.exactlythesamebasesforsuccessapplyforordinaryfriendships

C.itisfirstofallnecessarytolimitprospectivepartnerstopeoplefromsimilarback-grounds

D.themostsuccessfularethosebetweenpeoplewhoarealikebutnotexactlythesame

55.

WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbeidentifiedaspoliticalfunctions?

A.Toprotectthesocietyfrominternalthreats.

B.Toallocateresourcesofthesociety.

C.Toinsureorderinthesociety.

D.Toresolveconflictswithinthesociety.

56.

Itwouldappearfromthetextthatavalanchesarebroughtaboutbecause______.

A.aparticularsectionofsnowisnotthickenough

B.thereisaslightfallinthetemperature

C.heavysnowfallsturnintorain

D.theicebetweendifferentsectionsofsnowmelts

57.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Mostofushavenoticedhowimportantphysicalsettingistoefficiencyandcomfortinourwork.Today'scorporationhirehumanengineeringspecialistsandspendaconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneytomakesurethatthephysicalenvironmentsofbuildingsarefittotheactivitiesoftheirinhabitants.

Similarly,collegeclassroomspaceshouldbedesignedtoencouragetheactivityofcriticalthinking.Wearealreadyinthetwenty-firstcentury,butstepintoalmostanycollegeclassroomandyoustepbackintimeatleastahundredyears.Desksarenormallyinstraightrows,sostudentscanclearlyseetheteacherbutnotalltheirclassmates.Thisassumptionbehindsuchanarrangementisobvious:Everythingofimportancecomesfromtheteacher.

Withalittleimaginationandeffort,unlessdesksarefixedtothefloor,theteachercancorrectthissituationandcreatespacethatencouragesinterchangeamongstudents.Insmallorstandardizedclasses,chairs,desks,andtablescanbearrangedinavarietyofways:circles,U-shapes,orsemicircles.Theprimarygoalshouldbeforeveryonetobeabletoseeeveryoneelse.Largerclasses,particularthoseheldinlecturehalls,unfortunately,allowmuchlessflexibility.

Arrangementoftheclassroomshouldalsomakeiteasytodividestudentsintosmallgroupsfordiscussionorproblem-solvingexercises.Smallclasseswithmovabledesksandtablespresentnoproblem.Eveninlargelecturehalls,itispossibleforstudentstoturnaroundandform.groupoffourtosix.Breakingaclassintosmallgroupsprovidesmoreopportunitiesforstudentstointeractwitheachother,thinkoutloud,andseehowotherstudents'thinkingprocessesoperate—allessentialelementsindevelopingnewmodesofcriticalthinking.

Incoursesthatregularlyuseasmallgroupformat,studentsmightbeaskedtostayinthesamesmallgroupsthroughoutthecourse.Acolleagueofmineallowsstudentstomovearoundduringfifefirsttwoweeks,untiltheyfindagrouptheyarecomfortablewith.Hethenasksthemtostayinthesameseat,withthesamegroup,fromthattimeon.Thisnotonlycreatesacomfortablesettingforinteractionbuthelpshimlearnstudents'namesandfaces.

Accordingtothepassage,properarrangementofphysicalenvironmentinacompany______.

A.canimproveworkingconditions

B.leadstoanfriendlyatmosphere

C.canpromoteworkingefficiency

D.produceanenergeticteamleader

58.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutpopulationincrease?

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfrom1975totheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesarebornannuallyatpresent.

C.Between8000B.C.andthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000B.C.and1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

59.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

workingpeoplecansupporttheirfamilies.It'samyththathasbecomesodivorcedfromrealitythatitmightaswellbeginwiththewords"Onceuponatime."Today1.6millionNewYorkerssufferfrom"foodinsecurity,"whichisafancywayofsayingtheydon'thaveenoughtoeat.Somearethepeoplewhocomeinatnightandcleantheskyscrapersthatglitteralongtheriver.Somepourcoffeeandtakecareoftheagedparentsofthepeoplewholiveinthosebuildings.TheAmericanDreamforthewell-to-dogrowsfromthebowedbacksoftheworkingpoor,whotoooftenhavetochoosebetweengroceriesandrent.

Inanewbookcalled"TheBetrayalofWork",BethShulmansaysthateveninthebooming1990soneoutofeveryfourAmericanworkersmadelessthan$8.70anhour,anincomeequaltothegovernment'spovertylevelforafamilyoffour.Many,ifnotmost,oftheseworkershadnohealthcare,sickpayorretirementprovisions.

Weeaseourconsciences,Shulmanwrites,bydescribingthesepeopleas"lowskilled,"asthoughthey'renotimportantorintelligentenoughtodeservemore.Butlow-skilledworkerstodayarebettereducatedthaneverbefore,andtheyconstitutethelinchpin(關(guān)鍵)ofAmericanindustry.Whenpoliticianscrow(得意洋洋地說)happydaysarehereagainbecausejobsareontherise,it'sthesejobsthey'rereallytalkingabout.Fiveofthe10occupationsexpectedtogrowbiginthenextdecadeareinthelowest-payingjobgroups.Andbeforewesitbackanddecidethat'sjustthewayitis,it'sinstructivetoconsidertherestoftheworld.Whilethebottom10percentofAmericanworkersearnjust37percentofouraveragewage,theircounterpartsinotherindustrializedcountriesearnupwardsof60percent.Andthosearecountries