2022-2023年安徽省宿州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022-2023年安徽省宿州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Fromthesecondparagraphweknowthat______.

A.toomuchphysicalillnesscanleadtoemotionalstress

B.physicalstressfromexercisecancauseirritablecolon

C.physicalexercisecandealwithmentalstress

D.emotionalactivityandphysicalactivitybothcancauseseriousstress

2.

Afterathoroughinvestigationofwhathappensduringtheearthquake,scientistsuse______toratetheactualdamage.

3.Ifyouwanttogiveupajobwholesale,youshouldevaluate______fromit.

4.

ANavycourtofinquiryruledthatthisaccidentwasattributedto______.

5.

Multinationalsin1913werecomposedofadomesticfirmsanditsself-containedandautonomous

6.ThecompanycanapplytotheFDAforpermissiontobeginhumanstudieswhentheresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatthenewdrugisliketobe______.

7.

InLatinAmerica,solidbusinessopportunitiesusuallyresultfrom______.

8.

Duringthedisputeprocessbetweenthesellerandthebuyer,eBayplaystheroleof______.

9.

______millioncarsareabandonedinNewYorkCityeveryyear.

10.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheU.S.paten?

A.ItonlyprotectsU.S.citizens.

B.Itonlyprotectsdesignsmadeinthec6untry.

C.ItonlyhaseffectwithinthecountryofU.S.

D.Itonlyallowsthepatentobeusedinthecountry.

11.

BoeingandWhirlpool,meanwhile,areworkingtomeetemissionsreductiontargetseventhough______.

12.

Momentumbustersreferto______thatwillpreventyoufromcontinuingtowork.

13.Accordingtotheracerules,dogsforracemusthave______.

14.

Amongtheanimalsreferredtointhepassage,monkeyisthemostintelligent.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

JewishandItalianAmericansusuallythinkaraisedvoicemeansabeginningofafight.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.TheperiodanunemployedpersoncangetUIbenefitsislimitedtonomorethan______inmoststates.

17.

Itwasnotuntil1947thatIndiabecame______.

18.

Accordingtotheconventionaldefinition,ifan_________________lastsformorethansixmonths,itcanbecalledarecession.

19.

Accordingtotheauthor,exceptglobalwarmingandprivatizationofwater,______isalsoresponsibleforfreshwatershortage.

20.GiveUpSixWordsandChangeYourLife

AlfredKorzybski,thefatherofgeneralsemantics,observedthathowwetalkaffectshowwehandleproblemsandhowwebehave.Hefoundthatscientists,trainedtobespecific,handledbothpersonalandlaboratoryproblemsbetterthannon-scientists.Non-scientists,thenasnow,usedwordsloadedwithfeelingandprejudgmentandgotintotrouble.

Changingthewayweusecertaineverydaywordscanactuallyshiftthewayweseetheworldandotherpeople,helpschangetheemotion-ladenattitudesbehindthewords,andmakesuslesslikelytomakeinappropriatedemandsonourselvesandothers.

Thereisalsoachangeintheeffectonothers.Teachers,toldthatcertainstudentshavehiddentalents,willhelpthemdevelop,evenifthestudentswereselectedblindlybyresearchers.Peopleactastheythinktheyhavebeendefined,andlikeitornot,ourwordsplayalargepartinexpressingthatdefinition.

Inourwork,wehavefoundsixwordsthatareoftenusedindamagingways:try,always,is,can't,shouldandeverybody.Thesewordsarereally"families"ofwords.Alwayscanbeexpandedtonever,everytime.Shouldisalsooughtto,must,haveto.Weusenobody,noone,all,'thewayweuseeverybody.

Eachofthesewordsislinkedtotheconceptoftime."Everybodydoesit"implieseverypersonalwaysdoesit.Shouldreflectsastandardadoptedinthepast,governinghowwemustalwaysbehave.Isimpliesapermanentcharacteristicofsomethingorsomeone,as"sheisimpossibletodealwith."AlfredKorzybskicalledhumans"timebinders".Facts,opinionsandbehaviorsarelearned,repeatedandpassedon,eventhoughtheymaynotnecessarilyhavebeentrueinthefirstplace.BothKorzybskiandS.I.Hayakawa,whoisarespectedsemanticist,cautionusagainstusingsuch"allness"terms.

Yetwedousethem,asthoughbydoingsowecouldsomehowmanagethepresentandfuture."Withwords,"saysHayakawainLanguageinThoughtandAction,"weinfluenceandtoanenormousextentcontrol.""I'llmeetyouatthreeThursday"isanattempttomakeanotherperson--andourselves--beatacertainplaceatacertaintime.Hayakawawrites,"Thefutureisaspecificallyhumandimension.Toadog,'hamburgertomorrow'ismeaningless.Withwordswe[humans]imposeacertainpredictabilityuponfutureevents."

Similarly,weattempttocontrolpeople'sactionsandevencharacteristicswithcan't,should,everybodyandrelatedwords.Wetrythustocreate"reliable"data,howeverunrelateditistothefacts.

AccordingtoFreud,tosomementalpatientscertainwordsbecomemagical,symbolsofwholetrainsofthoughtcondensed.Seriouslyillneuroticsmaintainsomeofthatmagic:"Everybody'sagainstme"or"Ihavetodothis."Andnearlyallofushavethesamebadhabittoalessintensedegree.

Whenandwheredowebeginthispatternofrestrictivewordsandbeliefs?

AccordingtothelatespeechexpertWendellJohnson,asadultswearestill"usinginformation,attitudes,beliefs,procedures,practices...adaptedtoanearliertime."Ourbeliefs,andthewordsweusetosupportthemandtoprotectourselvesfromchange,comefromearlyinourlives.WillisHarman,Ph.D.,afuturistatSRI(formerlyStanfordResearchInstitute),maintainsthatweareallinawayhypnotizedfrominfancy."Wedonotperceiveourselvesandtheworldaboutusastheyare,butaswehavebeenpersuadedtoperceivethem,"saysDr.Harman.Researchshowsthatobjectsandpeoplewithsomefamiliarcharacteristicstendtobeperceivedbytheinfantasidentical.Thenewborncannotdistinguishbetweenselfandsurrounding.Whenthebabyishungry,everybodyishungry.Later,anymanbecomes"Daddy"andeveryanimal"doggie."

Weusesuchearlybiasestom

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B7】

22.(26)

A.ShewantsHarrytobeherfinancialconsultant.

B.Sheearnslittlebutspendsfartoomuchmoneyforastudent~

C.Shehasapoorheadforeconomics.

D.ShewantstoaskforaloanfromHarry'sbank.

23.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Americansareahighly【B1】______people.Whatfactorscausethemtomove?Thedesireforeconomicbettermentis【B2】______themostimportantforceinducingmigration.

Thusthe【B3】______anddirectionofmigrationareusuallydeterminedby【B4】______differencein【B5】______factors,as【B6】______bysuchonesasdifferencesinemployment【B7】______anddifferencesinthe【B8】______andthepriceoflandforfarmers.Hereisacaseshowingclearlythetrendofmigrationinthecountry.WhenNewEnglandwasdecliningintextileindustry,thereweremanypeoplemovingoutofit.WhenCaliforniahasthephenomenalgrowthofelectronicindustry,thereisalargescaleofin-migrationtothestate.However,【B9】______.

Since1970,therehasappearedanewtrendofmigrationinAmerica.MoreAmericansmigratedfromcitiestosuburbs.Thereareseveralfactorsforthisphenomenon.Theconstructionofexpresshighwaysmadeitpossibleforpeopletolivefartherawayfromtheirjobs.【B10】______.Besidestheseeconomicandtechnologicalchanges,importantsocialfactorswereinvolved.Suburbanareasofferedmorelivingspacethancitiesandlesspollution.Manymiddle-incomefamiliesnowliveinthesuburbs.【B11】______.Despitethenewtrendinmigration,about70percentofAmericanpopulationarestilllivinginmetropolitanareas.

【B1】

24.

【B4】

25.聽(tīng)力原文：M:It'salreadyeightthirty.We'llhavetohurryifwewanttocatchtheflight.

W:Well,ittakesonlyhalfanhourtogettotheairport,andtheplanedoesn'tleaveuntilninefifty.Wehaveplentyoftimetocheckin.

Q:Howmuchtimewouldbeleftforthemanandthewomantocheckinfortheflight?

(15)

A.50minutes.B.30minutes.C.25minutes.D.15minutes.

26.(38)

27.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Roger,anyproblemsinyourKoreanstudy?

M:ThebiggestproblemwithmeistheKoreanvocabulary.Itreallymakesmefrustrated.ThepronunciationandusageputmeintogreatconfusionasIkeepforgettingthem.

W:Iguessfirstofallyoucannarrowdownthevocabularysphere.Imean,trytolearn"core"vocabulary,thewordswithhighfrequenciesofoccurrence.

M:Thatsoundsquitereasonable.DoyouthinkIcanfindinbookstoresabookordictionarywheresuchkindsofwordsarelisted?

W:Yes,definitely.Anotherthing,thefirstseveraloccurrencesofstrangewordsareveryimportant.Wordsarebestrememberediftheyarelearntquicklywithafewpresentations.Youmaynothavemuchtroubleinrememberingswearwords,mayyou?

M:No.They'reveryimpressiveandquitememorable.Idon'tevenneedtopracticethem.

W:That'sit!Forotherwordsthatdon'thavesuchastrongeffect,yonhavetomakeyourselfhighlyattentiveandsensitive.Ifnot,laterpracticeandrepetitiondon'tseemtoworksowell.

M:Isee.

W:ThelastthingI'llsayisthatifyouwanttoremembersomethingforperiodslongerthanayearortwo,youneedtospacethepresentationsoverquitelongintervalsofdays,say30days.Amorefrequentintervaldoesn'tpromiseyoulongerremembrance.

M:Really?Ihavethoughteverywordshouldbepracticedasoftenaspossiblewithinashorttimespan.

W:No.Howthewordispracticedismuchmoreimportantthanhowoftenitispracticed.

M:Youreallydomeagreatfavor,Teresa.

(23)

A.Hekeepsforgettingtheimportantthingshehastodo.

B.HehasgreatdifficultyrememberingKoreanwords.

C.Hecan'tfindthemosthelpfulKoreandictionary.

D.HispronunciationofKoreanwordsconfusesothers.

28.

【B10】

29.(24)

A.Toshowhertheplansandexplainindetail.

B.Todemonstratehowtousetheproducts.

C.Toknowherbetterbeforehiringher.

D.Toprovidebetterafter-saleservice.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Whathappenedatyourfarmwhentheearthquakepassed?

W:Oh,itwasterrible,I'llneverforgetittomydyingday.IhopeIneverseeanythinglikethatagain.Itwasterrible.

M:Butthat'sincredible,Mrs.Skinner.Didyousaythateverythinginfrontofyourhousehadmoved?

W:Yes,everythinghadmovedintotheplaceoftheother!

M:Butyourfrontpathhadcompletelydisappeared?

W:Yes,that'sright.Ohitwasterrible,terrible.

M:AndyourhusbandJack?Washeallright?

W:Yes,butthecowshedhadmovedtoo,ithadmovedseveralmetres.Jackwasallright,Icouldseehimrunningroundafterthecows,allthecowshadescaped,yousee.Theywererunningallovertheplace,itwasimpossibletocatchthem.

M:SoJack,yourhusband,wasallright.

W:Wellhewasabitshockedlikeme,buthewasallright.Oh,Iforgottotellyouaboutthegranarythathadmovedsouthtoo.Itsnormalplacewasbehindthehouseandnowitwasnearthecowshed.Canyoubelieveit?

M:Incredible,Mrs.Skinner.Andthehouseitself,whataboutyourhouse?

W:Wellthenwesawwhathadhappened.Everythinghadmovedoneway,thatis,tothesouth,exceptthehouse.Thehouse,canyoubelieveit,hadmovedtheotherway—thehousehadmovednorth.Sothehousewentonewayandeverythingelse—thegarden,thetrees,thegranary—wenttheotherway.

M:Incredible,Mrs.Skinner,absolutelyincredible.

(20)

A.Ruinedbyfileearthquake.

B.Moved3meters.

C.Asgoodasever.

D.Unknown.

31.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Whydidn'tyouhaveyourastronomyclasstoday?

W:Onlyfiveoutofaclassoftwenty-fiveshowedup.Sincetheprofessorhadplannedtopresentacomplexdemonstration,hedecidedtocanceltheclassuntileverybodycouldbepresent.

Q:Whydidn'ttheastronomyclassmeettoday?

(17)

A.Theclassthoughtthedemonstrationwastoocomplex.

B.Toomanystudentsshowedup.

C.Theprofessordidn'tshowup.

D.Theprofessorcancelledit.

32.(36)

A.Hethinkscomputergamesmightnotalwayssellsowell.

B.Onehastobeyoungtowritecomputerprograms.

C.Hethinkshisfirmmightclosedown.

D.Becausehisparentsaskedhimtoretire.

33.聽(tīng)力原文：M：Areyoumovingintoanewhouse?Needahandwiththoseboxes?

W：That'sokay,Icanmanage.Theylookbig，butaren'tveryheavy,actually．

Q：whatdoesthewomanmean?

(19)

A.Shethinksthemanshouldhavehelpedearlier,

B.Shedoesn'tneedtheman'shelp.

C.Shedoesn'tknowtheboxesareheavy.

D.Shewantsthemantohelpwiththeboxes.

34.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Excuseme,Iheardthattherewereacoupleofjobsavailableinthelibrary.SoI'dliketoapplyforoneofthem.CanIfillouttheapplicationform.athomeandbringitbacknextweek?

F:Sure,butyoushouldknowthatwe'reabouttostartlookingattheapplications,andwehopetomakesomejoboffersinafewdays.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(14)

A.Thelibraryhasalreadychosensomepeopletoworkthere.

B.Sheisgoingtogivethemanajoboffer.

C.Thelibraryislookingformoreapplicants.

D.Themanshouldhurryup.

35.聽(tīng)力原文：M:CanIborrowyourcalculustextbook?Ileftmineintheclassroom.AnditwasgonewhenIwentback.

W:Thathappenedtomeonce.I'dalmostgivenuponfindingituntilIcheckeditatthelost-and-foundattheinformationdeskdownstairsinthelobby.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthemanshoulddo?

(14)

A.Giveuponfindingthings.

B.Checkitatthelost-and-found.

C.Borrowthecalculustextbook.

D.Gotogettheinformation.

36.(18)

A.Heisalwayspunctualforhisclass.

B.Herarelynoticeswhichstudentsarelate.

C.Hewantshisstudentstobeontimeforclass.

D.Hedoesn'tallowhisstudentstotelljokesinclass.

37.(25)

A.Preparingforanimportanttest.

B.Fundingforuniversityeducation.

C.Winningtheconfidenceofvoters.

D.Graduateschoolapplicationprocedures.

38.

【B2】

39.【B11】

40.聽(tīng)力原文：M:MissJason,thankyouforsendingmethisnote.I'msorrytohearBillisbeingaproblem.

W:I'mnotsurewhat'shappeningtoBill.He'susuallyagoodstudent.Hecompletesallhisworkandhe'squietinclass.Then,lastmonth,hejustchanged.

Q:Whatcanyouinferfromtheconversation?

(14)

A.Thewomanistheman'sboss.

B.Themanisthewoman'shusband.

C.Thewomanistheheadmasterofaschool.

D.Thewomanwantstoknowsomethingaboutastudent.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

OnaNovemberdayin1999,FrederickMiller,terminallyillwithlungandbraincancer,ateabowlofapplesaucelacedwithbarbiturates(巴比委酸鹽).Ninetyminuteslater,withhiswifeNorabyhisside,the52-year-olddiedpeacefully.

ThatsceneoccurredinPortland,Oregon,wheresince1997ithasbeenlegalforadoctortoprescribeafatalcocktailofdrugstopatientswhoareterminallyill.Butthatlaw,theDeathwithDignityAct,hasbeenhotlydebatedformostofitsexistence.In2001JohnAshcroft,thenattorney-generaloftheUnitedStates,claimedthatprescribingdrugstoendlifewasnota"legitimatemedicalpurpose".Thisstartedlegalskirmishing(小沖突)thatlandedtheOregonlawbeforetheSupremeCourt.Butforthemomenttheoptiontotakeone'sownlife,withadoctor'shelp,staysopen.OnJanuary17ththeSupremeCourtruled6-3thatOregoncouldkeepitsassisted-suicidelaw.

Thedecisiondependedlargelyonwhetherstatesorthefederalgovernmentshouldcontrolhowdoctorsdotheirwork.Themajorityofjusticesdecidedthatstatesshould.Butformostpeople,includingthedissenting(持不同意見(jiàn)的)judges,thelegaltechnicalitiesweresecondarytothebiggerquestionofwhetherdoctorsoughttohelppeopleendtheirlives.

OpponentsofOregon'slawinsistthatitissimplylegalizedmurder.Othersseethelawasappropriate,evenenlightened,givingdyingpatientsamuch-neededchoicewhenheroicmedicalprocedurescannothelp."It'snotasifphysician-assistedsuicideisn'thappeningelsewhereinthecountry,"saysTimothyQuill,adoctorandprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork."ButinOregonit'soutintheopen,soyoudon'thavepatientsaskingquestionsinsecret,anddoctorsgivingadviceinsecret."

Anothersupporter,ArthurCaplan,thedirectoroftheCenterforBioethics(生物倫理學(xué))attheUniversityofPennsylvania,saysthereisnoevidencethatOregon'slawhasbeenusedto"kill"anyone:"Criticshavebeendesperatetofindsomeonewhotookfataldrugsandwasimhalancedornotterminallyillbuttheyhaven'tbeenableto."HepointstotheprudenceexhibitedbyOregonians,withonly238peopleusingprescribeddrugstoendtheirlives.

ForthosewhouseOregon'slawandtheirsurvivors--suchasFrederickMiller'swidow,NoratheDeathwithDignityActsimplymakessense.HersisterrecentlydiedofcancerinFlorida,anexperiencemorepainfulandemotionallywearingthanFrederick'splanneddeath."WhenRickdiedhewascalmandcomfortable,"saysMsMiller,whonowlivesinPhoenix."Whenhetookthedrugshisbodywasready,andhefelldeeplyasleepalmostimmediately.IjusthopeIhavethatoption,ifIneedit,whenthetimecomes."

FromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatFrederickMiller______.

A.illwithlungandbraincancer

B.ateabowlofapplesaucelacedwithbarbiturates

C.killedhimselfwithhiswifeNora'shelp

D.chosetotakehisownlifepeacefully

42.【S1】

43.

Whatweretheworstaffectedareasintermsofdeathtollaccordingtothispassage?

44.

Theunderlinedword"parochialism"inthethirdparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.

A.open-mindednessB.provincialismC.colonialismD.optimism

45.(55)

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theexistenceofghostsmaybedebated.ButtheimpactoftraditionalAsianbeliefsonThailand'stourismtradesincetheDecember26,2004,tsunami(海嘯)appearsindisputable.

TourismfromEurope,Australia,andtheUnitedStateshasreboundedsincethedisaster.ButtouristarrivalsfromelsewhereinAsiahaveplummeted(垂直落下)sincethetsunamiandhaveyettobounceback.

IndustryobserversciteAsiantourists'fearsofghostsintsunami-strickenareasasthemainreasonforthedecline.Thetsunamiclaimedmorethan215,000livesin11countriesaroundtheIndianOceanandleftanother50,000peopleunaccountedfor.BuddhismandotherAsianbeliefsystemsholdthatifbodiesarenotrecoveredandproperlyburied,theirspiritsrestlesslywandertheEarth.ManyAsiansbelievethatlostsoulstrytodraglivingbeingsintoaspirituallimbo(地獄的邊緣).

OnThailand'ssouthwesterncoastmorethan5,300peoplediedand2,900morewentmissingwhenthetsunamisweptashore.Halfofthevictimswereforeigntourists.Sincethedisaster,talesofghostsightingshavebecomeepidemic.Foreignghostsseemtobeparticularlycommon,andmanyoftheaccountsarebeingcoveredinlocalnewspapers.

"Beliefinghostsandspiritsiswidespreadandall-importantinAsianreligiousandculturaltraditions,"saidStevenHeine,areligiousstudiesprofessorattheInstituteforAsianStudiesatFloridainternationalUniversityinMiami.

AsBuddhismgraduallyspreadfromIndiatoAsia,itwasmoldedbyvariousfolkreligions.Mostofthesebeliefsystemshaveastrongelementofancestorworship."Wheresomeonediesprematurely...,itiscommonlybelievedthattheghostswillhangaroundtheaccidentareaandharassthelivingwhocomenear,"Cohensaid.

InThailandtouristarrivalstoBangkokdroppedby27percentbetweenJanuary2004andJanuary2005.KoreanandJapanesetravelagencieshavereportedlyseenamassivedrop-offinthenumberofbookingstoThaicoastalresorts.BusinessissobadthatmanyAsianairlineshavecuttheirdirectflightstoPhuket.

"Asiantouristsarescaredofghosts..,andthesearefactorsthathavemadeourtouristarrivalsdropshortofourgoal,"ThaitourismministerSomsakThepsuthintoldalocalradioshow.

TheThaigovernmenthasgivenprivatecompaniesgrantsequaltomillionsofU.S.dollarsformarketingandadvertisingcampaignstohelpAsiantouristsovercometheirfears.

Meanwhile,Buddhistmonkshavebeenpresidingovercleansingceremoniesatresortsthatweredestroyedbythetsunami.Daysafterthetsunamistruck,monksinflowingorangerobescouldbeseenwalkingalongthebeachessprinklingholywater

ManyAsiantouristsdarenotgotoThailandsincethetsunamiin2004becauseoftheir

47.

Thelastsentenceofthe2ndparagraphtellsusthatthewriterbelievesthat______.

A.thecomputerisassmartashumanbeings

B.thecomputerisfriendlywithhumanbeings

C.humanbeingscaninteractwiththecomputeranddowhattheywantattheirwill

D.humanbeingshavenotusedthecomputertoitsfullestadvantage

48.Thefirstwaywecanapproachlanguageisasaphenomenonoftheindividualperson.Itisconcernedwith,describingandexplaininglanguageasamatterofhumanbehavior.Peoplesneakandwrite;theyalsoevidentlyreadandunderstandwhattheyhear.Theyarenotborndoingso;theyhavetoacquiretheseskills.Not.everybodyseemstodevelopthemtothesamedegree.Peoplemaysufferaccidentsordiseases,whichimpairtheirperformance.Languageisthus-seenaspartofhumanpsychology,aparticularsortofbehavior,thebehavior.whichhasasitsprincipalfunctionthatofcommunication.

Thetroublewiththeterm"behavior"isthatitisoftentakentoreferonlytomoreorlessovert,anddescribable,physicalmovementsandacts.Yetpartoflanguagebehavior.--thatofunderstandingspokenorwrittenlanguage,forexample--haslittleornophysicallyobservablesigns.Itistruewecansometimesinferthatunderstandinghastakenplacebythechangesthattakeplaceintheotherperson'sbehavior.Whensomeonehasbeenprohibitedfromdoingsomething,wemayinferthathehasunderstoodtheprohibitionbyobservingthatthereafterheneverbehavesinthatway.Wecannot,ofcourse,beabsolutelysurethathissubsequentbehavior.isaresultofhisunderstanding;itmightbeduetoalossofinterestorinclination.Sobehavior.mustbetakentoincludeunobservableactivity,oftenonlytobeinferredfromotherobservablebehavior.

Onceweadmitthatthestudyoflanguagebehavior.involvesdescribingandexplainingtheunobservable,thesituationbecomesmuchmorecomplicated,becausewehavetopostulatesomesetofprocesses,someinternalmechanism,whichoperateswhenwespeakandunderstand.Wehavetopostulatesomethingwecancallamind.Thestudyoflanguagefromthispointofviewcanthenbeseenasastudyofthespecificproperties,processesandstatesofthemindwhoseoutwardmanifestationsareobservablebehavior;whatwehavetoknowinordertoperform.linguistically.

Thisapproachtolanguage,asaphenomenonoftheindividual,isthusprincipallyconcernedwithexplaininghowweacquirelanguage,anditsrelationtogeneralhumancognitivesystems,andwiththepsychologicalmechanismsunderlyingthecomprehensionandproductionofspeech:muchlesswiththeproblemofwhatlanguageisfor,thatis,itsfunctionascommunication,sincethisnecessarilyinvolvesmorethanasingleindividual.

Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.LanguageasMeansofCommunication

B.LanguageandPsychology

C.LanguageandtheIndividual

D.LanguageasaSocialPhenomenon

49.

Thestudyofrecentlybereavedpeopleshowsthat______.

A.stressisdirectlylinkedwithillness.

B.bereavedpeopleshouldcontroltheiremotionsproperly

C.whitebloodcellsareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem

D.thereisobviousconnectionbetweenimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobotdrivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicromechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperform.somekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,mangerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"wecan'tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’