精餾塔苯和甲苯

齊齊哈爾大學(xué)化工原理課程設(shè)計(jì)齊齊哈爾大學(xué)化工原理課程設(shè)計(jì)題目苯—甲苯精餾學(xué)院食品與生物工程學(xué)院專業(yè)班級(jí)食工145學(xué)生姓名魯聿指導(dǎo)教師佟白成績(jī)2016年11月23日摘要本次課程設(shè)計(jì)是利用板式精餾塔分離苯-甲苯，采取連續(xù)精餾已得到純度較高的餾出物，根據(jù)已給出的設(shè)計(jì)條件，我們操作條件選取了泡點(diǎn)進(jìn)料，操作壓力選為4Kpa，具體設(shè)備選取篩板塔，篩板塔具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，造價(jià)低，效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但易堵塞，不宜處理粘性大、臟的和帶固體粒子的料液。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中根據(jù)要求對(duì)精餾塔的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸進(jìn)行了準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算和相關(guān)流體力學(xué)校核，以及接管尺寸的計(jì)算，繪制出了裝配圖。工業(yè)上對(duì)塔設(shè)備的主要要求:(１)氣(汽)、液處理量大，即生產(chǎn)能力大時(shí)，仍不致發(fā)生大量的霧沫夾帶、攔液或液泛等破壞操作的現(xiàn)象。(２)操作穩(wěn)定，彈性大，即當(dāng)塔設(shè)備的氣(汽)、液負(fù)荷有較大范圍的變動(dòng)時(shí)，仍能在較高的傳質(zhì)效率下進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定的操作并應(yīng)保證長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)操作所必須具有的可靠性。(３)流體流動(dòng)的阻力小，即流體流經(jīng)塔設(shè)備的壓力降小，這將大大節(jié)省動(dòng)力消耗，從而降低操作費(fèi)用。對(duì)于減壓精餾操作，過(guò)大的壓力降還將使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)無(wú)法維持必要的真空度，最終破壞物系的操作。(４)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，材料耗用量小，制造和安裝容易。(５)耐腐蝕和不易堵塞，方便操作、調(diào)節(jié)和檢修。(６)塔內(nèi)的滯留量要小。實(shí)際上,任何塔設(shè)備都難以滿足上述要求,因此,設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)根據(jù)塔型特點(diǎn),物系性質(zhì),生產(chǎn)工藝條件,操作方式,設(shè)備投資.操作與維修費(fèi)用等技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)以及設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)等因素,依矛盾的主次,綜合考慮,選擇適宜的塔型。關(guān)鍵詞：苯甲苯分離過(guò)程：精餾塔AbstractThiscourseisdesignedforseparationofbenzeneandmethylbenzenebydistillationcolumn,takingdistillatecontinuousdistillationhashighpurity,accordingtothedesignconditionshavebeengiven,weselecttheoperatingconditionsofbubblepointfeedoperationpressureis4Kpa,thespecificequipmentselectionofsieveplatetower,platetowerhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,lowcost,efficiencytheadvantages,butnoteasytobeblocked,theviscous,dirtyandsolidparticlesofliquid.Accordingtotherequirementsofthedesignprocess,thestructuresizeofthedistillationcolumnwascalculatedandcorrelatedwiththefluidmechanicsandthecalculationofthenozzlesize.Themainrequirementsoftowerequipmentindustry:(1)gas(steam),liquidprocessingcapacity,productioncapacityislarge,stillwithoutentrainment,aliquidblockingorfloodingdamageoperationphenomenon.(2)theoperationstability,flexibility,i.e.whenthetowerequipmentgas(steam),liquidloadingofawiderangeofchanges,stillcanstabilizetheoperationinthemasstransferefficiencyundertheconditionsofhighreliabilityandshouldensurelong-termcontinuousoperationmusthavethe.(3)thefluidflowresistanceissmall,thefluidflowthroughthedeviceofthesmallpressuredrop,whichwillgreatlyreducethepowerconsumption,therebyreducingoperatingcosts.Forvacuumdistillationoperation,toomuchpressuredropwillmaketheentiresystemcannotmaintainthenecessaryvacuumdegree,theultimatefailureoftheoperationofthesystem.(4)thestructureissimple,thematerialconsumptionissmall,andthemanufactureandinstallationareeasy.(5)corrosionresistanceandnoteasytoplug,convenientoperation,adjustmentandmaintenance.(6)retentiontowerto