人教版高中英語選修七學(xué)案講義Unit3 Under the sea-語法篇（教師版）

第6講Underthesea語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握V-ing的被動式的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法；2.能夠熟練運(yùn)用V-ing的被動式解題造句。一.含義與構(gòu)成1、v-ing形式的種類功用和各種形式：V-ing包括動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞兩種，分別可作：主語、賓語、表語;（動名詞）定語、狀語、賓/主語補(bǔ)足語(現(xiàn)在分詞)注意：其否定形式是在其前邊加：not/never.其各種形式如下表：語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動形式被動形式一般式

(not)doing

(not)beingdone完成式

(not)havingdone

(not)havingbeendone2.V-ing形式的被動式用法及種類當(dāng)v-ing與它的邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時(shí)，要用其被動式,v-ing的被動式有兩種：一般被動式：beingdone；完成被動式：havingbeendone；V-ing形式的被動式包括動名詞被動式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式兩種。二.用法（一）動名詞的被動式動名詞的被動式在句中可作主語、賓語、表語，且在句中只表被動，不表進(jìn)行。1、作主語Sobeingkilledbysharkswasamonthing.因此被鯊魚吃掉是常有的事。Beinglaughedatinpublicisaterriblething.在公共場合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Beingexposedtothesundoesharmtohealth.暴漏在陽光下對身體有害。Thepresident’sbeingkilledledtoseriousconsequences.總統(tǒng)被殺導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重后果。作賓語V-ing形式的被動式既可作動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語。Thebirdescapedbeingcaught.Ididn’tmindbeingleftathome.Hewasafraidof_________________(abandon)byus.Hediditwithout___________(ask)Youcan’teatanythingbefore_____________(operateon)Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.3、作表語Whatworriedthechildmostwashisnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.使孩子最為擔(dān)心的是他不被允許到醫(yī)院看母親。注意：①動名詞的被動式作主語和表語時(shí)，常用其一般式（beingdone),不習(xí)慣用完成式；但作賓語時(shí)，若其動作發(fā)生謂語動詞之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，可用其完成式（havingbeendone)。如：Iappreciatehavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroad.我很感激能被給與到國外留學(xué)的機(jī)會。②動名詞的被動式在句中作主、賓、表時(shí)，其特點(diǎn)是只表被動，不表進(jìn)行。③動名詞的被動式作主、賓、表時(shí)，有時(shí)可采用其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式，即：名詞所有格/形容性物主代詞+beingdone。如：Tom’sbeingadmittedtocollegeisabigsurpriseforus.湯姆被大學(xué)入取讓我們很是驚訝。Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtohisbeingcaught.新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致他被捕。Whatworriedthechildmostwashisnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital（二）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式常句中作賓補(bǔ)和定語，一般不作狀語（除個(gè)別情形例外）；在句中既表被動又表進(jìn)行。作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式（beingdone）作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作，常與感官動詞連用。IsawJamesbeingheldupinthewaterbyoldTom.You’llfindthetopic_______________(discuss)everywherenow.Asweapproachedthevillagewesawnewhouses_____________(build)注意：與過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動作已完成。2、作定語現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式（beingdone）作定語時(shí)時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作。Themeeting______________(discuss)nowisveryimportant.Heaskedwhowasthegirl_____________(operate）onintheoperatingroom.注意：①現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作后置定語時(shí)，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作；過去分詞作后置定語表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動的動作；不定式的被動式作后置定語表示未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的被動的動作。如：ameetingbeingheldnow正在被舉行的會議ameetingheldyesterday昨天舉行的會議ameetingtobeheldtomorrow明天將舉行的會議②現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式(havingbeendone)不能做定語和賓補(bǔ)。Thebuildinghavingbeenbuiltlastyear(×)Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(√)Wefoundhimhavingbeenkilled.(×)Wefoundhimkilled(√)（三）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式(havingbeendone)作狀語當(dāng)分詞與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且此分詞動作（明確地）發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞之前或持續(xù)發(fā)生一段時(shí)間（或持續(xù)發(fā)生多次）時(shí)可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式(havingbeendone)作狀語。Havingbeenshownaroundtheclassroom,weweretakentovisitthelab.被領(lǐng)著參觀了教室后，我們又被帶著參觀了實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Havingbeentoldthenews,theyputoffthetrip.被告知此消息后，他們?nèi)∠诉@次旅。Havingbeenseparatedformanyyearsbythewar,theycouldn’trecognizeeachother.因戰(zhàn)爭而分離多年后，他們都認(rèn)不出對方了。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.盡管被告知多次了，那個(gè)小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。注意：①若分詞有自己獨(dú)立的主語可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Theworkhavingbeendone,theylefttheoffice.Alltheexampapershavingbeenhandedin,theteachersentthestudentshome.②在這種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式形式與用過去分詞形式差別不大。而為了簡潔，習(xí)慣采用過去分詞形式，如上面兩句常表達(dá)成：Theworkdone,theylefttheoffice.Alltheexampapershandedin,theteachersentthestudentshome.注意：過去分詞作狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式的區(qū)別：二者作狀語時(shí)，都表示與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，區(qū)別不大，可以互換。但是在這種情況下，為了簡潔，還是習(xí)慣采用過去分詞形式作狀語。Asked(=Havingbeenasked)toworkovertime,Imissedawonderfulfilm.由于昨晚被要求加班，我錯(cuò)過了一場精彩的電影。Polluted(=Havingbeenpolluted)seriously,thewaterintheriverwasnotsafetodrink.但是如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作發(fā)生在句子的謂語動詞之前或強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作持續(xù)發(fā)生多次發(fā)（或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間）還是習(xí)慣采用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動完成式(havingbeendone)作狀語，但終歸區(qū)別還是不大。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistakes.盡管被告訴了多次，他還是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。三、動名詞的主動形式表被動意義①在want，need，require，deserve等動詞之后作賓語時(shí)，常用動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。②在（be）worth后面只能用動名詞的主動態(tài)來表示被動意義。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.我們不允許在這兒抽煙Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.我們不允許學(xué)生抽煙1.(2014北京高考)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout.A.recognizing B.beingrecognized C.Havingrecognized D.Havingbeenrecognized答案:B解析:without是介詞，后要接動名詞，又由于recognize與邏輯主語he的關(guān)系是被動，所以選B。2.(2015浙江高考)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitliveisquiteanother.A.perform B.performing C.toperform D.beingperformed答案:D解析:此題可以判斷perform與邏輯主語it的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，作hear的賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以選D。(2015浙江奉化高三)Almosteveryoneofthegraduateswantstodeliverthekeynotespeechatthegraduationceremony,becauseforthespeaker,isanhonor.A.invited B.beinginvited C.beinvited D.inviting答案:B解析:成分應(yīng)該填主語的，所以要用動名詞，與邏輯主語thespeaker是被動關(guān)系，所以選C。(2015浙江溫州十校聯(lián)考)Heclaimedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.Tohavebeenbadlytreated B.TreatingbadlyC.Tobetreatedbadly D.Beingbadlytreated答案:D解析:邏輯主語he與treat是被動關(guān)系，時(shí)間關(guān)系是同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以選D。5.(2015浙江溫州高二下)________fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated答案:C解析:for加一段時(shí)間標(biāo)志要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與邏輯主語間是被動關(guān)系，與謂語動詞的關(guān)系是伴隨?；A(chǔ)演練1.__________inafamousuniversityiswhatmoststudentswishfor.A.ToeducateB.EducatedC.BeingeducatedD.Educating2._________intoafamousuniversitymadehisparentshappy.A.TomwasadmittedB.TombeadmittedC.IfTomwasadmittedD.Tom’sbeingadmitted3._________inaheavytrafficjaminataxiwhileyouarehurryingtotheairportisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.HavingcaughtB.BeingcaughtC.CaughtD.havingbeencaught4.----Whatintheworldputyouinareallybadmood?----_______inthetrafficforhours.A.StuckB.BeingstuckC.TobestuckD.Sticking5.---WhatmadeBillsoangry?---___________.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtoeat8:30,butshehasn’teyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeptwaitingD.BeingkeptwaitedKey:1-5CDBBB鞏固提高Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_______whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted7.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto__________.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethief

C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught8.Doyoumind_________aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft9.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_________intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.PersuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded10.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.A.AttackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked11.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_________totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited12.InthefaceofthebigfireinOctoberinCalifornia,manypeopleinthefire-strickenareasmovedout_________.A.toescapeburningB.toescapebeingburnedC.escapingburnedD.escapingfromburning13.Sheinsisted__________toMiamiforhersummervacationthoughitwouldcostmuchmoney.A.ontakingB.onbeingtakenC.totakeD.tobetaken14.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___________Dr.TurnerinsteadofMr.Turner.A.Called B.havingcalled C.beingcalled D.havingbeencalled15.Sometimesnewideashavetobetestedmanytimesbefore___________.A.beingfullyacceptedB.acceptedfullyC.fullybeenacceptedD.fullyacceptedKey:6-10BCCCC10-15DBBCA1.Whilewe’redevelopingagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth__________.A.frompollutingB.PollutedC.PollutingD.beingpolluted2.Whatworriedthechildmostwas__________tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowedAtthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_________couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose4.Thebuilding_________inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.BuildB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt5.IfIcriticizesomeone,IwilldoitwithgreatpatienceasifIweretheone____________.A.tocriticizeB.CriticizingC.havingcriticizingD.beingcriticized6.Thebuilding__________willbepletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.A.topaintB.beingpaintedC.tohavepaintedD.painted7.Thewellwasfound________whenwegotthere.A.DiggingB.tobedugC.todigD.beingdug8.__________toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked9.________aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow10.________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold11.___________fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated12.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched13._________fortwoweeks,thevillageisinshortoffood.A.TofloodB.HavingfloodedC.HavingbeenfloodedD.beingflooded14.Iwanttohavemyhair________,becauseitwants_________.A.cut;cuttingB.beingcut;beingcutC.cut;beingcutD.cut;tocut15.Istillremember________chessinclassbymyteacherabouttwentyyearsago.A.tobecaughttoplayB.becaughtplayingC.catchingplayD.beingcaughtplayingKey:1-5DBCDD6-10BDACD11-15VBCCD__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________單項(xiàng)選擇1.--Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?--Thanks.Iappreciated_________toyourhome.A.tobeinvitedB.beinginvitedC.tohaveinvitedD.havinginvited2.Noonecanpreventtheplan__________.A.fromcarryingoutB.tobecardedoutC.beingcardedoutD.tocarryout3.Thebirdwasluckythatitjustmissed__________.A.CatchingB.beingcaughtC.tobecaughtD.tocatch4.Mostoftheartists_________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.InvitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited5.__________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis________Dr.TurnerinsteadofMr.Turner.A.beencalledB.beingcalledC.havingcalledD.called7.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp_______intobuyingsomethingtheydon't________reallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded8.LittleJimshouldlove________tothetheatre,buthisfatherrefusedhimbecauseitwaslate.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking9.Thewellwasfound__________whenwegotthere.A.DiggingB.tobedugC.todigD.beingdug10.__________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingKey:1-5BCBAC6-10BCADB二.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。PassingYourLoveOnWaitingfortheairplanetotakeoff,Iwashappytogetaseatbymyself.Justthen,anairhostessapproachedmeandasked,“Wouldyoumind1yourseat?Acouplewouldliketosittogether.”Theonly2seatwasnexttoagirlwithherarmsincasts（石膏繃帶）,ablack-and-blueface,andasad3.“NowayamIgoingtositthere,”Ithoughtimmediately.Butasoftvoicespoke,“Sheneedshelp.”Finally,I4tomovetothatseat.ThegirlwasnamedKathy.Shehadbeeninacaraccidentand5wasonherwayfor6.Whenthesnackandjuicearrived,itdidnottakemelongto7thatKathywouldnotbeableto8herself.Iconsidered9tofeedherbuthesitated,asitseemedtoo10toofferaservicetoa11.ButthenIrealizedthatKathy'sneedwasmore12thanmydisfort.Iofferedtohelphereat,and13shewasunfortabletoaccept,she14asIexpected.Webecamecloserandcloserinashortperiodoftime.Bytheendofthefive-hourtrip,myhearthad15,andthetimewasreally16spentthanifIhadjustsatbymyself.IwasverygladIhadreached17myfortzonetositnexttoKathyandfeedher.Love18flowsbeyondhumanbordersandremovesthefearsthatkeepus19.Whenwestretchtoserveanother,wegrowtolive20alargerandmorerewardingworld.1.A.leaving B.changing C.taking D.giving2.A.fortable B.suitable C.available D.favorable3.A.heart B.expressionC.action D.thought4.A.decided B.wanted C.regretted D.promised5.A.immediately B.lately C.recently D.now6.A.treatment B.travel C.pleasure D.business7.A.know B.say C.realize D.recognize8.A.eat B.feed C.choose D.support9.A.offering B.needing C.stopping D.trying10.A.impolite B.far C.close D.fast11.A.girl B.neighbor C.passenger D.stranger12.A.unusual B.direct C.important D.shameful13.A.when B.although C.since D.as14.A.refused B.wondered C.cried D.did15.A.warmed B.jumped C.broken D.cheered16.A.good B.worse C.better D.bad17.A.below B.through C.across D.beyond78.A.seldom B.neverC.hardly D.sometimes19.A.separate B.independent C.silentD.upset20.A.of B.in C.at D.forKey:1-5BCBAD6-10ACBAA11-15DCBDA16-20CDDAB閱讀理解Duringanexhibitionshowtheskillsofdisabledpeople,anarmlessmanusedhismouthandfeettorepairawatch.Hepletedthetaskinjustafewminutesattheshow,whichwasheldinBeijinglastSaturday.Justimaginethetinypartsthatmakeupawatch.Youhavetowonderhowthedisabledmandevelopedsuchaskill.Itwasreportedthat28-year-oldWangJianghailosthisarmsinanaccidentwhenhewasfiveandbeganlearningtorepairwatchesattheageof17.Hehasrepairedmorethan10,000watchesinthepast11years.Whatstrongself-confidencehemusthavetooverethedifficultiesingettingthisskill!Whatoptimismhemusthavetofacetheunfairnessofhishardlife!Andwhatstrongdeterminationhemusthavetogothroughthehardshipinhisstruggleforanormallife!Suchconfidence,optimismandwillpowerareexactlythequalitiesmanyphysicallyhealthypeoplelacknowadays.Wanghassetagoodexampleforyoungpeople.Buttoday'syouthseemtobemoreinterestedwiththeirTVstarsandpopsingersbutlessinterestedinlearningfromtheexamplesofworkingandstudyinghardtoachievehighergoals..Thatisundoubtedlytheresultoftheinfluenceofachangingsocialatmosphere.Onemustadmitthatthereisatrendtowardshedonisminour