2021-2022年湖南省益陽市公共英語五級(筆試)模擬考試(含答案)

2021-2022年湖南省益陽市公共英語五級(筆試)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.Besidestheproblemofspeakingtoofast,whatelsewillmakelisteningmoredifficult?

2.Listthreetraditionalfemaleoccupationsmentionedinthetalk.

3.Whyarestudentsenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizations?

A.Becausetheyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy.

B.Becausetheywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity.

C.Becausesuchpositionshelpthemhuntbetterjobs.

D.Becausesuchpositionsareusuallywellpaid.

4.Whatservicemustbepaidfor?

A.Computerclasses.

B.Trainingsessions.

C.Laserprinting.

D.Packageborrowing.

5.HowmanypoemsdidDickinsonwrite?

A.Almost2,000.B.Nearly1,000.C.800D.1,200.00

6.PeopleinRussiaarealsofamousfortheirlongevity.

A.RightB.Wrong

7.Wherewasthemailataplantationpassedontome?

8.Mr.Millerboughthishousesimplybecausetheflatheusedtoliveinwastooexpensive.

A.TrueB.Fasle

9.Strokevictimssometimesrefusetoregardtheirinjuredsidesaspartsoftheirbodiesbecausetheyareunwillingtoadmittheirdisabilities.

A.RightB.Wrong

10.Wanghaslittleknowledgeofthephoneticprocessingsystem.

A.TrueB.Fasle

11.HowmanypsychologicaltypesofpeoplearethereaccordingtoJung'sideas?

12.WhogavedairyproductstothenativeAmericans?

13.WhatdidFranklinsetupbetweenthenorthernandsoutherncolonies?

14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewomaninthedialogue?

A.Reporterandfashiondesigner.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Shopassistantandcustomer.

D.Teacherandstudent.

15.MDhassixdepartmentalmanagersatthemoment．

A.RightB.Wrong

二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.

【C8】

17.(46)

18.

【C4】

19.(42)

20.(38)

21.(43)

22.

【C11】

23.

【C14】

24.

【C9】

25.(36)

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.(72)

27.PartA

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Inathree-monthperiodlastyear,twoBrooklyniteshadtobecutoutoftheirapartmentsandcardedtohospitalonstretchersdesignedfortransportingsmallwhales.TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptance(NAAFA)arguesthatitwasnottheircombined900kgbulkthatmadethemill.Obesity,accordingtoNAAFA,isnotbadforyou.And,evenifitwas,thereisnothingtobedoneaboutit,becausegenesdictateweight.Attemptingtoeatlessmerelyslowsmetabolism,havingpeopleaschubbyasever.

ThisisthefatlashmovementthatcausesAmerica'sslimmingindustrysomuchpain.InhisbookBinFatLies(Ballantine,1996),GlennGaessersaysthatnostudyyethasconvincinglyshownthatweightisanindependentcauseofhealthproblems.Fatnessdoesnotkillpeople;thingslikehypertension,coronaryheartdiseasesandcancerdo.MichaelFumento,authorofTheFatoftheLand(Viking,1997),ananti-fatlashdiatribe,comparesDrGaesser'slogicwithsayingthattheguillotinedidnotkillLouisXVI:Rather,itwastheseveringofhisvertebrae,thecuttingofallthebloodvesselsinhisneck,and...thetraumacausedbyhisheaddroppingseveralfeetintoawickerbasket.

Beingfatkillsinseveralways.Itmakespeoplefarmorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.Evenmoderateobesityincreasesthechanceofcontractingdiabetes.Being40%overweightmakespeople30%～50%morelikelytodieofcancer,accordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.Extremefatnessmakespatientssomuchlesslikelytosurvivesurgerythatmanydoctorsrefusetooperateuntiltheyslim.

Theideathatbeingoverweightiscausedbyobesitygenesisnotwhollyfalse:researchershavefoundanumberofgenesthatappeartomakesomepeoplebumoffenergyataslowerrate.Butgenesarenotdestiny.Thedifferencebetweensomeonewithageneticpredispositiontogainweightandsomeonewithoutappearstoberoughly40calories-oraspoonfulofmayonnaise—aday.

Analternativefatlashargument,advancedinbookssuchasDeanOnrush'sEatMore,WeightLess(HarperCollies,1993)andDateAtrens'sDon'tDiet(WilliamMorrow,1978),isthatfatnessisnotamatterofeatingtoomuch.TheynotethatasAmericans'weighthasballoonedoverthelastfewdecades,theirreportedcaloricintakehasplunged.Thissimplyexplainspeople'sownrecollectionofhowmuchtheyeatisextremelyunreliable.Andastheygrowfatter,peoplefeelguiltyandaremorelikelytofibabouthowmuchtheyeat.Allreputablestudiesshowthateatinglessandexercisingreduceweight.

Certainly,thebody'smetabolismslowsalittlewhenyouloseweight,becauseittakeslessenergytocarrylessbulkaround,andbecausedietingcanmakethebodyfearitisabouttostarve.Butasensiblelow-fatdietmakesweightlosspossible.Thefatlashmovementisdangerous,becauseslimmerswilloftenfindanyexcusetogiveup.Totellpeoplethatitishealthytobeobeseistoencouragethemtolivesickanddieyoung.

ThetwoBrooklynitesinthefirstparagraphwere______.

A.membersoftheNWA

B.typicalvictimsofoverweight

C.membersofthe"fatlash"movement

D.proofthatthefatlashmovementisgainingstrength

28.

______isagoodmethodofsupplyingenergytoremoteareas?

29.

WhatdoesMacDonaldwarnpeoplewhentheyintendtobuylifeinsuranceproducts?

A.Itisexpensivetoinvestonlifeinsuranceproducts.

B.Someinsurancehassomespecificterms.

C.Someinsurancecompanieswillnotprovidesatisfactoryterms.

D.Peopleshouldnotuseinsurancepoliciespurelyasaninvestment.

30.(69)

31.(79)

32.

Thelanguageofthepassageismostly______.

A.descriptiveB.narrativeC.expositiveD.critic

33.

Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithalimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

34.

Theword"tarnish"(line4,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.

A.affectB.warnC.troubleD.stain

35.

AccordingtoJackMaple,tocutcrime______.

A.theheadsofpolicedepartmentshouldmakemorecontactwiththecriminals

B.thegovernmentshouldeducatetheresidentsmore

C.acomputersystemcalledComstatshouldbeadoptedbythepolice

D.thecriminalsshouldbeseverelypunished

36.ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear'sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they'renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto."Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,"saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,"andthelackofredundancyinoursystem."

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear'sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAventisPasteur)--andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn'tmuchtheothercandoaboutit."Avaccinemakercan'tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,"saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp."There'sawholeindustrythat'sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime."

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear'sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures--amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralbiotechcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals'Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek.That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign--encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Shortagesoffluevaccineshowthat______.

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluevaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

37.(68)

38.

Theword"tarnish"(line4,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.

A.affectB.warnC.troubleD.stain

39.

Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A.Anowboom,onthehorizon.

B.Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.

C.Cautionallright,panicnot.

D.Themoreventures,themorechances.

40.(67)

四、閱讀理解(5題)41.

第

47

題

2.__________

42.

第

33

題

Whatisthebasicdifferencebetweenthetwoclassesoftheories?

43.

第

25

題

WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

44.

第

35

題

What’sthemeaningoftheword“bane’’inthe6thlineofthelastparagraph?

45.

第

37

題

Whyarehorsesusedtocatchtheelectriceels?

參考答案

1.Aforeignaccent．

2.Teachersnursessecretaries．

3.C

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.Aneighbor

8.B

9.B

10.A

11.Four．

12.TheEuropeans．

13.Poststations

14.A

15.A

16.proportionproportion解析：此處意為很大比例的學(xué)生仍然喜歡簡單的工作，所以此處應(yīng)填“proportion”。

17.reusereuse解析：由后一句“今天幾乎每件東西都可以被扔掉。”可知，“…任何東西不再明智了?！敝械目仗帒?yīng)為“再利用”，這樣前后兩句邏輯上才能合理。

18.importantimportant解析：從本句后面的一句話可以看出，Adown-to-earthperson就算是重要的人物，他們也不會把這種顯赫寫在臉上。所以前面應(yīng)填important。故答案為important。

19.awareaware解析：beawareof，固定搭配，意為“意識到”。所以此處應(yīng)填“aware”。

20.proportionproportion解析：此處意為很大比例的學(xué)生仍然喜歡簡單的工作，所以此處應(yīng)填“proportion”。

21.whatwhat解析：解析同上。這里是一個(gè)名詞性從句，what在句中做主語。故答案為what。

22.ofof解析：“對現(xiàn)實(shí)的了解”的英文表達(dá)是“theunderstandingofreality”，這里的介詞用of。故答案為of。

23.onon解析：“…的決定”英語表達(dá)為“decisiononsth.”這里介詞需要用on。故答案為on。

24.withoutwithout解析：此處意為年輕人更喜歡沒有重大責(zé)任的簡單工作。所以此處應(yīng)填“without”。

25.alsoalso解析：由35題解析，拼寫有問題的學(xué)生必定握筆習(xí)慣不好。

26.B解析：B中提到“TheaccoladeofwinningtheSchoolsCurriculumAwardin1997gaveEdgehillnationalrecognitionand，recentlv,…”。

27.B解析：由第一段可知，兩人是因?yàn)榉逝侄凰瓦M(jìn)醫(yī)院的，故B項(xiàng)正確。A、C項(xiàng)文章中未提到。兩個(gè)病人不能證明fatlash運(yùn)動高漲。故D項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。

28.D解析：由D中的advantage內(nèi)容最后一條“Agoodmethodofsupplyingenergytoremoteareas.”可知答案為D。

29.D解析：由第四段第一句“However，MacDonaldandotherswarmagainstusinginsurancepoliciespurelyasaninvestment．”可知。

30.DD解析：由上一段最后一句可知，只有D放在此處才能連貫，D為上一段最后一句的舉例。

31.D解析：由D中的“ValparaisoUniversitycombinesliberalartswithprofessionalstudiesandpromotesservicetoothers”可知。

32.C解析：由全文的語氣來看，均是在解釋、闡述事情，而不是descriptive或narrative，更不是critic。

33.B解析：由第四段第二句“Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek．”中可以知道大約有九千五百萬人有資格注射疫苗。根據(jù)第四段第三句：“That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand，butonly60millio

34.D解析：第四段提到基因療法遭受的一起挫折——一個(gè)病人因接受基因療法而死亡；接著講專家擔(dān)心運(yùn)動員利用基因在比賽中作弊會進(jìn)一步tarnish這一領(lǐng)域，從上下文邏輯推理，應(yīng)該是“有損，玷污”這一類的意思，因此正確答案為D。

35.C解析：由第二段中的“Second，theyhavetoadoptacomputersystemcalled…”可知。

36.D解析：第一段最后一句話指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出來的問題。“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply．”saysDr．MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation，“andthelackofredundancyinoursystem．”“這再次凸顯出我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性，”全國免疫信息網(wǎng)的馬丁·邁爾斯醫(yī)生說，“此外，我們也沒有必要的補(bǔ)救機(jī)制?！币虼苏?/p>

37.AA解析：由上下兩段可知，只有A放在此處可以使上下文銜接，意思順暢。

38.D解析：第四段提到基因療法遭受的一起挫折——一個(gè)病人因接受基因療法而死亡；接著講專家擔(dān)心運(yùn)動員利用基因在比賽中作弊會進(jìn)一步tarnish這一領(lǐng)域，從上下文邏輯推理，應(yīng)該是“有損，玷污”這一類的意思，因此正確答案為D。

39.C解析：通過全文的理解，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)作者在列數(shù)了經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢不好的局面之后，也表明了人們對此依然存在著樂觀態(tài)度，有的人還能從中受益，所以作者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是“對此加以注意，但不要惶恐?！惫蕬?yīng)選C。

40.DD解析：由上一段中的“Edwina…andcalledhimontheintercom．”可知D中的“．．．closertotheintercom…”與之呼應(yīng)。

41.D由上一段中的“Edwina…andcalledhimontheinter-com．”可知D中的“…closertotheintercom…”與之呼應(yīng)。

42.B由第一段最后一句“However，basically，evolutionarytheoriestakeitthat…h(huán)asbeenexpandingeversince．”可知，兩種理論的根本區(qū)別在于對“宇宙是否會繼續(xù)膨脹?”這一問題的不同看法。

43.D這是一個(gè)通篇的中心歸納的考察題。文章一開始就指出“Beforeabigexam，asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks．”意思是在晚上好好的睡覺對記憶是有好處的。最后作者有歸納了研究的結(jié)果，“．．．concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep，．．．”也說明結(jié)構(gòu)性知識在REM睡眠中是可以鞏固的。故應(yīng)選D。

44.Abane意為“禍根，災(zāi)害”，此文中引申為“令人頭痛的事”。

45.B由第四段中的“Thehorsesalelessaffectedthanamanwouldbe，andwhentheelectriceelshaveexhaustedthemselves，theyCanbecaughtwithoutdanger．”可知。2021-2022年湖南省益陽市公共英語五級(筆試)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.Besidestheproblemofspeakingtoofast,whatelsewillmakelisteningmoredifficult?

2.Listthreetraditionalfemaleoccupationsmentionedinthetalk.

3.Whyarestudentsenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizations?

A.Becausetheyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy.

B.Becausetheywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity.

C.Becausesuchpositionshelpthemhuntbetterjobs.

D.Becausesuchpositionsareusuallywellpaid.

4.Whatservicemustbepaidfor?

A.Computerclasses.

B.Trainingsessions.

C.Laserprinting.

D.Packageborrowing.

5.HowmanypoemsdidDickinsonwrite?

A.Almost2,000.B.Nearly1,000.C.800D.1,200.00

6.PeopleinRussiaarealsofamousfortheirlongevity.

A.RightB.Wrong

7.Wherewasthemailataplantationpassedontome?

8.Mr.Millerboughthishousesimplybecausetheflatheusedtoliveinwastooexpensive.

A.TrueB.Fasle

9.Strokevictimssometimesrefusetoregardtheirinjuredsidesaspartsoftheirbodiesbecausetheyareunwillingtoadmittheirdisabilities.

A.RightB.Wrong

10.Wanghaslittleknowledgeofthephoneticprocessingsystem.

A.TrueB.Fasle

11.HowmanypsychologicaltypesofpeoplearethereaccordingtoJung'sideas?

12.WhogavedairyproductstothenativeAmericans?

13.WhatdidFranklinsetupbetweenthenorthernandsoutherncolonies?

14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemanandthewomaninthedialogue?

A.Reporterandfashiondesigner.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Shopassistantandcustomer.

D.Teacherandstudent.

15.MDhassixdepartmentalmanagersatthemoment．

A.RightB.Wrong

二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.

【C8】

17.(46)

18.

【C4】

19.(42)

20.(38)

21.(43)

22.

【C11】

23.

【C14】

24.

【C9】

25.(36)

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.(72)

27.PartA

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

Inathree-monthperiodlastyear,twoBrooklyniteshadtobecutoutoftheirapartmentsandcardedtohospitalonstretchersdesignedfortransportingsmallwhales.TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptance(NAAFA)arguesthatitwasnottheircombined900kgbulkthatmadethemill.Obesity,accordingtoNAAFA,isnotbadforyou.And,evenifitwas,thereisnothingtobedoneaboutit,becausegenesdictateweight.Attemptingtoeatlessmerelyslowsmetabolism,havingpeopleaschubbyasever.

ThisisthefatlashmovementthatcausesAmerica'sslimmingindustrysomuchpain.InhisbookBinFatLies(Ballantine,1996),GlennGaessersaysthatnostudyyethasconvincinglyshownthatweightisanindependentcauseofhealthproblems.Fatnessdoesnotkillpeople;thingslikehypertension,coronaryheartdiseasesandcancerdo.MichaelFumento,authorofTheFatoftheLand(Viking,1997),ananti-fatlashdiatribe,comparesDrGaesser'slogicwithsayingthattheguillotinedidnotkillLouisXVI:Rather,itwastheseveringofhisvertebrae,thecuttingofallthebloodvesselsinhisneck,and...thetraumacausedbyhisheaddroppingseveralfeetintoawickerbasket.

Beingfatkillsinseveralways.Itmakespeoplefarmorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.Evenmoderateobesityincreasesthechanceofcontractingdiabetes.Being40%overweightmakespeople30%～50%morelikelytodieofcancer,accordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.Extremefatnessmakespatientssomuchlesslikelytosurvivesurgerythatmanydoctorsrefusetooperateuntiltheyslim.

Theideathatbeingoverweightiscausedbyobesitygenesisnotwhollyfalse:researchershavefoundanumberofgenesthatappeartomakesomepeoplebumoffenergyataslowerrate.Butgenesarenotdestiny.Thedifferencebetweensomeonewithageneticpredispositiontogainweightandsomeonewithoutappearstoberoughly40calories-oraspoonfulofmayonnaise—aday.

Analternativefatlashargument,advancedinbookssuchasDeanOnrush'sEatMore,WeightLess(HarperCollies,1993)andDateAtrens'sDon'tDiet(WilliamMorrow,1978),isthatfatnessisnotamatterofeatingtoomuch.TheynotethatasAmericans'weighthasballoonedoverthelastfewdecades,theirreportedcaloricintakehasplunged.Thissimplyexplainspeople'sownrecollectionofhowmuchtheyeatisextremelyunreliable.Andastheygrowfatter,peoplefeelguiltyandaremorelikelytofibabouthowmuchtheyeat.Allreputablestudiesshowthateatinglessandexercisingreduceweight.

Certainly,thebody'smetabolismslowsalittlewhenyouloseweight,becauseittakeslessenergytocarrylessbulkaround,andbecausedietingcanmakethebodyfearitisabouttostarve.Butasensiblelow-fatdietmakesweightlosspossible.Thefatlashmovementisdangerous,becauseslimmerswilloftenfindanyexcusetogiveup.Totellpeoplethatitishealthytobeobeseistoencouragethemtolivesickanddieyoung.

ThetwoBrooklynitesinthefirstparagraphwere______.

A.membersoftheNWA

B.typicalvictimsofoverweight

C.membersofthe"fatlash"movement

D.proofthatthefatlashmovementisgainingstrength

28.

______isagoodmethodofsupplyingenergytoremoteareas?

29.

WhatdoesMacDonaldwarnpeoplewhentheyintendtobuylifeinsuranceproducts?

A.Itisexpensivetoinvestonlifeinsuranceproducts.

B.Someinsurancehassomespecificterms.

C.Someinsurancecompanieswillnotprovidesatisfactoryterms.

D.Peopleshouldnotuseinsurancepoliciespurelyasaninvestment.

30.(69)

31.(79)

32.

Thelanguageofthepassageismostly______.

A.descriptiveB.narrativeC.expositiveD.critic

33.

Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithalimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

34.

Theword"tarnish"(line4,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.

A.affectB.warnC.troubleD.stain

35.

AccordingtoJackMaple,tocutcrime______.

A.theheadsofpolicedepartmentshouldmakemorecontactwiththecriminals

B.thegovernmentshouldeducatetheresidentsmore

C.acomputersystemcalledComstatshouldbeadoptedbythepolice

D.thecriminalsshouldbeseverelypunished

36.ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear'sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutquality-controlproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorp.Overnight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they'renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto."Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,"saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,"andthelackofredundancyinoursystem."

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear'sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAventisPasteur)--andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn'tmuchtheothercandoaboutit."Avaccinemakercan'tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,"saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp."There'sawholeindustrythat'sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime."

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear'sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures--amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralbiotechcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals'Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatesthat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweek.That'snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign--encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

Shortagesoffluevaccineshowthat______.

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluevaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

37.(68)

38.

Theword"tarnish"(line4,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______.

A.affectB.warnC.troubleD.stain

39.

Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

A.Anowboom,onthehorizon.

B.Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy.

C.Cautionallright,panicnot.

D.Themoreventures,themorechances.

40.(67)

四、閱讀理解(5題)41.

第

47

題

2.__________

42.

第

33

題

Whatisthebasicdifferencebetweenthetwoclassesoftheories?

43.

第

25

題

WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

44.

第

35

題

What’sthemeaningoftheword“bane’’inthe6thlineofthelastparagraph?

45.

第

37

題

Whyarehorsesusedtocatchtheelectriceels?

參考答案

1.Aforeignaccent．

2.Teachersnursessecretaries．

3.C

4.C

5.A

6.B

7.Aneighbor

8.B

9.B

10.A

11.Four．

12.TheEuropeans．

13.Poststations

14.A

15.A

16.proportionproportion解析：此處意為很大比例的學(xué)生仍然喜歡簡單的工作，所以此處應(yīng)填“proportion”。

17.reusereuse解析：由后一句“今天幾乎每件東西都可以被扔掉?！笨芍?，“…任何東西不再明智了?！敝械目仗帒?yīng)為“再利用”，這樣前后兩句邏輯上才能合理。

18.importantimportant解析：從本句后面的一句話可以看出，Adown-to-earthperson就算是重要的人物，他們也不會把這種顯赫寫在臉上。所以前面應(yīng)填important。故答案為important。

19.awareaware解析：beawareof，固定搭配，意為“意識到”。所以此處應(yīng)填“aware”。

20.proportionproportion解析：此處意為很