2022-2023年山西省忻州市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年山西省忻州市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Theeverydayactivitiesofanofficespaceareusuallynotfixedandactuallyquiteflexible.

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2.

Moderncivilizationsareasdependentontreesas______.

3.AnimalEinsteins

Whenitcomestointelligence,humanbeingsarethetopdogsoftheanimalkingdom.Orsowetellourselves.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeendocumentingsurprisingintelligenceandemotionaldepthinanimalsrangingfromhumblehoneybeestothunderingelephants.Throughstudiesinlabsandinthewild,researchershavefoundanimalscommunicatingcomplexideas,solvingproblems,usingtoolsandexpressingtheirfeelings--behaviorsoncethoughttobeuniquelyhuman.

Theintelligencewe'retalkingaboutismorethan,say,trainingadogtodetectcancerinhumans,afeatthatmaysavemanylives.It'stheabilityoftheanimaltouseaninnatetraitforacomplexpurpose.Herearesomeamazingexamples.ArtisticMonkeyBusiness

ArtisticMonkeyBusiness

WhenJanetSchmidbecameexecutivedirectoroftheLittleRiverZooinNorman,Oklahoma,in1996,shelearnedalotabouttheintelligenceofmonkeys.Sheandherhusbandadoptedayoungmalewhohadanaughtypersonality,andnamedhimMr.Bailey.Themonkeyparticularlylikedtakingearrides,insistingthatheinserttheignitionkeyandrideshotguninthepassenger'sseat."Helovedtoduckbelowthewindowaswe'dcometoanintersection",Schmidrecalls,"whenwe'dstop,he'djumpupandlaughatthecarnexttous,justtogetariseoutofthepassengers".

Now12yearsold,Mr.Baileyhasbecomeanavidpainter.Heusesavarietyofbrushstrokestocreatecolorful,abstractcanvasesand,likeanytemperamentalartist,prefersnottobedisturbedwhilecreatinghisart."He'llpaintsteadilyforalmostanhourandwon'tletanyoneinterrupthimuntilheputsdownhisbrush",saysSchmid."He'samazingtowatchbecauseyoucantellthere'sathoughtprocessoccurring.Whenweraisedhim,wequitwatchingTVbecausehewassoentertaining".

IvyLeagueParrot

Thetermbirdbrainisconsideredaninsult,butsomebirdsactuallyareprettybrainy.OneAfricangreyparrotinsuburbanBostonissaidtohavethecognitiveabilitiesofafive-year-oldchild.Alex(forAvianLearningExperiment)isa29-year-oldbirdthat'sbeentutoredmostofhislifebyIrenePepperberg,PhD,aHarvard-educatedprofessornowteachingatBrandeisUniversity.Alexcanidentify50differentobjects,sevencolors,fiveshapes,quantitiesuptosix,andtheconceptsofbigget,smaller,sameanddifferent."Andhesaid,'I'msorry'",reportsPepperberg."Heknewwhatwasappropriatetosay".

PepperberginsiststhatAlexmakesreasoneddecisions--meaninghepossesseslanguageabilitiesoncethoughttoseparatehumansfromtherestoftheanimalkingdom.Duringanexperimentin2004,researchersgaveAlexdifferent-coloredblocksinsetsoftwo,threeandsix.Whenaskedwhichcolorgrouphadfiveblocks,Alexreplied,"None".Andherepeatedtheanswerinduplicatetests.AlthoughAlexhadpreviouslylearnedthetermtodescribethedifferencebetweentwoidenticallysizedobjects,heapparentlyinterpretedtheconceptof"none"asanabsenceofquantityallonhisown.

"Theimportantthingwasnotjustthatheunderstoodazero-likeconcept",saysPepperberg,"butthathewasabletotakeinformationfromonedomainandapplyittoanother.That'salotlikeahighschoolstudentansweringquestionsonaquizshow".SuchfeatshavemadeAlexacelebrity.

CulturedOrangutans(猩猩)

Becauseorangutansandhumansshare97percentofthesameDNA,it'snosurprisethattheprimatesexhibitimpressivebrainpower.TakeChantek,a28-year-oldlivinginZooAtlanta.RaisedlikeahumanchildbyanthropologistH.LynMiles,PhD,Chanteklearnedtouseatoilet,cleanhisroomandreceiveanallowance,whichhespentontripstoMcDonald's.Todayheknowsmorethan150wordsinsignlanguageandcancomprehendspokenEnglish.Likenedtoafour-year

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4.

Childrenwhohavefatmothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlifebecauseof______.

5.

Acouplemaygetdivorcediftheycantestifythattheirrelationshiphasbrokendownirreparably.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Thecollegedepartmentorassociationcangetpaymentsfromtheissuerifitsanctionscreditcardsdecoratedwith______.

7.

MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

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8.ClimateChange

Scientistspredictincreasingdroughts,floodsandextremeweatherandsaythereisgrowingevidencethathumanactivitiesaretoblame.

WhatIsClimateChange?

Theplanet'sclimateisconstantlychanging.Theglobalaveragetemperatureiscurrentlyintheregionof15℃.Geologicalandotherevidencesuggeststhat,inthepast,thisaveragemayhavebeenashighas27℃andaslowas7℃.

Butscientistsareconcernedthatthenaturalfluctuation(波動(dòng))hasbeenovertakenbyarapidhuman-inducedwarmingthathasseriousimplicationsforthestabilityoftheclimateonwhichmuchlifeontheplanetdepends.

WhatIsthe"GreenhouseEffect"?

ThegreenhouseeffectreferstotheroleplayedbygaseswhicheffectivelytrapenergyfromtheSunintheEarth'satmosphere.Withoutthem,theplanetwouldbetoocoldtosustainlifeasweknowit.

Themostimportantofthesegasesinthenaturalgreenhouseeffectiswatervapor,butconcentrationsofthatarechanginglittleanditplaysalmostnoroleinmodernhuman-inducedgreenhousewarming.

Othergreenhousegasesincludecarbondioxide,methane(甲烷)andnitrous(含氮的)oxide,whicharcreleasedbymodernindustry,agricultureandtheburningoffossilfuels.Theirconcentrationintheatmosphereisincreasing-theconcentrationofcarbondioxidehasrisenbymorethan30%since1800.

ThemajorityofclimatescientistsacceptthetheorythatanincreaseinthesegaseswillcauseariseintheEarth'stemperature.

WhatIstheEvidenceofWarming?

Temperaturerecordsgobacktothelate19thcenturyandshowthattheglobalaveragetemperatureincreasedbyabout0.6℃inthe20thcentury.

Sealevelshaverisen10～20cm-thoughttobecausedmainlybytheexpansionofwarmingoceans.

MostglaciersintemperateregionsoftheworldandalongtheAntarcticPeninsulaareinretreat,andrecordsshowArcticsea-icehasthinnedby40%inrecentdecadesinsummerandautumn.

Thereareanomalies(異常)however-partsoftheAntarcticappeartobegettingcolder,andtherearediscrepanciesbetweentrendsinsurfacetemperaturesandthoseinthetroposphere(對(duì)流層)(thelowerportionoftheatmosphere).

HowMuchWillTemperaturesRise?

Ifnothingisdonetoreduceemissions,currentclimatemodelspredictaglobaltemperatureincreaseof1.4～5.8℃by2100.

Evenifwecutgreenhousegasemissionsdramaticallynow,scientistssaytheeffectswouldcontinuebecausepartsoftheclimatesystem,particularlylargebodiesofwaterandice,cantakehundredsofyearstorespondtochangesintemperature.Italsotakesgreenhousegasesintheatmospheredecadestobreakdown.

Itispossiblethatwehavealreadyirrevocably(不可撤回地)committedtheGreenlandicesheettomelting,whichwouldcauseanestimated7mriseinsealevel.TherearealsoindicationsthatthewestAntarcticicesheetmayhavebeguntomelt,thoughscientistscautionfurtherresearchisnecessary.

HowWilltheWeatherChange?

Globally,wecanexpectmoreextremeweatherevents,withheatwavesbecominghotterandmorefrequent.Scientistspredictmorerainfalloverall,butsaytheriskofdroughtininlandareasduringhotsummerswillincrease.Morefloodingisexpectedfromstormsandrisingsealevels.

Thereare,however,likelytobeverystrongregionalvariationsinthesepatterns,andthesearedifficulttopredict.

WhatWilltheEffectsBe?

Thepotentialimpactishuge,withpredictedfreshwatershortages,sweepingchangesinfoodproductionconditions,andincreasesindeathsfromfloods,storms,heatwavesanddroughts.Poorercountries,whichareleastequippedtodealwithrapidchange,willsuffermost.

Plantandanimalex

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9.CharleneLiconsideredthatthefuturesocialnetworkswillbe______.

10.

TheprivatejetthatcarriedSalopekhomestoppedinFrance,Ireland,andCanadafor______.

11.

______forthecreditcardnumbersofthebuyersisaproblem.

12.

AccordingtoAnnieStevens,manynewlyrecruitedmanagersfailinanewjobbecausetheycannotgetalongwiththeircoworkers.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Manypeopleexpectedthemedicinestheytooktobesafewhenthemedicinescostalot.

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14.

ThegeniusmentionedhereissomeonenotonlywithahighIQbutalso______.

A.hasdonesomethingofgreatinfluence

B.startedhis/hercareeratayoungage

C.haseccentricbehavior

D.hasoddappearance

15.

Themostimportantelementforaneconomicsystemis______.

16.

ThereasonwhyDomino'swithdrewtheirpromotionwasthattheysufferedlegallyfrom______.

17.

Nomatterwhatthehostagesituationislike,theprincipleofnegotiatingistoworkthehostage-takersintoa______.

18.

Watertablesarefallingbecauseof______inmanypartsoftheworld.

19.TheMostBeautifulCityinAmerica

IthasbeencalledthemostbeautifulcityinAmerica.Italsoisthesubjectofaverypopularbookaboutmurder.ThestoryofSavannah,Georgia,isourreporttoday.

Savannah,Georgia,isnothuge.Itisonlythe3rdlargestcityinthisSouthernstate.Ithasabout140thousandpeople.YetfewAmericancitieshaveprotectedtheirpastaswellasSavannah.Ithasbeautifuloldhouses.Ithasparkswithtreesandcolorfulflowers.AvisittoSavannahtodayshowsthatlifewaslikeintheSouthernUnitedStates200yearsago.

EnglishsettlersestablishedthecityofSavannahin1733.TheywereledbyGeneralJamesOglethorpe.GeneralOglethorpeand120settlerslandedatYamakaroobluffontheSavannahRiver.TheychosetheplaceforthecityofSavannahonahillabovetheriver.Itwas29kilometersfromtheAtlanticOcean.

GeneralOglethorpedecidedtomakeSavannahasbeautifulasacitycouldbe.Hedesignedthestreetsinanunusualway.Manydidnotcrosseachother.Instead,theyendedinlargeopensquareareas.Thereare21suchpublicsquaresinSavannah.Theyhavegrass,trees,flowersandstatues.Theyalsohaveplacesforpeopletositandenjoythebeauty.

Inthe1700sSavannahbecameabusyportcityforexportingfarmproducts.In1793Eliwhiteneywasteachingonacottonfarmnearthecity.Heinventedamachinethatremovedseedsfromthecottonplant.Untilthentheseedhadtoberemovedbyhand.Theworkwasveryhard.Eliwhiteney'sinventionwascalledthe"cottongin".Itgreatlyimprovedtheabilitytoproducecotton.

ThecottonginmadecottonthemostimportantproductintheAmericanSouth.AnditincreasedimportanceofSavannahasaportcity.Savannahbecametheworld'sleadingmarketforcotton.TheSavannahCottonExchangesetthepriceofcottonaroundtheworld.Thecitybecamerich.Richpeoplebegantobuildlargebeautifulhouses.Thecitycontinuedtogrowricheruntiltheearly1860s.ThatiswhenAmerica'sNortliemstatesfoughttherebelSouthernstatesintheCivilWar.

OneofthemostfamousNortherngeneralswasWilliamSherman.HeleduniontroopstoseizecontrolofrebelterritoryintheSouth.GeneralShermancapturedthecityofAtlanta.FromAtlantahemarchedhistroopsthroughtheheartofGeorgiatotheAtlanticOcean.ItwasknownasSherman'sMarchtotheSea.TheUniontroopsburnedallthehouses,farms,animalsandfoodsuppliesontheirway.ThepurposewastodestroypopularsupportfortherebellionoftheSouthernstates.GeneralShermansaid,"TheUnionmustmakeoldandyoung,richandpoorfeelthehardhandofwar."

ThepeopleofSavannahlearnedwhatGeneralShermanhaddonetotherestofGeorgia.Theydidnotwantthesamethingtohappentothem.Sotheyofferedtosurrendertheirbeautifulcityffhepromisednottobumit.GeneralShermanacceptedtheoffer.InDecember,1864,hescmamessagetoPresidentAbrahamLincolninWashington.Itsaid,"IbegtopresentyouasaChristmasgift—thecityofSavannah."Sherman'sgiftincluded150heavyguns,ammunitionand25thousandbalesofcotton.

TheCivilWarhurtSavannah'seconomy.Andyearsofgrowingnothingbutcottondamagedthesoil.Aninsectcalledthebollweevildestroyedtheplant.By1920,littlecottonwasleft.Duringthe1900s,manufacturingtooktheplaceofcottonfarming.Savannah'sshippingindustrycontinuedtogrow.However,manyoldhousesweretearingdown,ortheyfellapart.Onevisitorsaidthecitywaslikeabeautifulwomanwithadirtyface.

Inthe1950ssomecitizensofSavannahbecameangrywhenmoreoldhouseswerebeingthreatenedbydevelopment.Onecompanywantedtodestroyahousetobuildaparkingareaforcars.Agroupof7womendecidedtosavethehouse.Theyaskedpeopleformoney.Theycollec

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20.

Besidesthefeatureof"doingmorewithless",thesphericalstructureofdomecanalsoallownatural______withoutobstruction.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B4】

22.

【B11】

23.(21)

A.Thestreetsign.

B.Tilepedestrian.

C.Thewall.

D.Thepoleintheroad.

24.(31)

A.Industry.

B.Health.

C.Thefutureofourchildren.

D.Cleanair.

25.(35)

A.Theyarebroughtupincultureswheremodestyishighlyvalued.

B.Theythinkitisashametospeakhighlyoftheirownculture.

C.Theyarechallengedbypeoplefromothercultures.

D.Thevaluesofhumilityislookeddownbythosewithhigherstatus.

26.聽力原文：AlthoughthepracticeoftheoldRomanreligiondisappearedmanycenturiesago,sometracesoftheRomangodsarestillpresentinourdailyvocabulary.ThenamesoftheRomansungod,Sol,andthemoongoddess,Luna,areusedfrequentlyinourlanguage.

Thewordsolardescribesanythingpertainingtothesun,andlunaranythingpertainingtothemoon.Forexample,thesunandtheplanetscirclingitarecalledthesolarsystem.Theperiodoftimeinwhichtheearthcirclesthesunonceisasolaryear.Themoontakesonelunarmonthtocircletheearth.Alunaryearoftwelvelunarmonthsiselevendaysshorterthanasolaryear.

Insomecasesourlanguageshowshowtheseheavenlybodiesaffectusdirectly.Aroomorplaceforsunbathingisoftencalledasolarium.WegetourwordparasolfromtheItalianwordmeaning"aguardagainstthesun".Formanycenturiesitwasbelievedthatthemoonaffectedpeoplewhowerementallyill.Forthisreasonpeoplewhowerementallyillwereoftenreferredtoaslunatics.

(30)

A.Planets.B.Themoon.C.Thesun.D.Gods.

27.

【B9】

28.(24)

A.Hispoormemory.

B.Hisfatigue.

C.Hislackofdiligence.

D.Hismethod.

29.聽力原文：M：Everythingisnowsettled．Butthegoodthingaboutworryingishowgoodyoufeelwheneverythinggoessmoothlyafterall.

W：Well，mostofthepipesaresound．Butit'sluckyyoudidn'tputthewateron．Thewatertank'slikeapieceofSwisscheese，fullofholes．

Q：Whereisthisconversationprobablytakingplace?

(15)

A.Atalocalhospital.

B.Inadepartmentstorewarehouse.

C.Inanewlyinstalledhouse.

D.Inarestaurant.

30.(29)

A.Sally.

B.Hisgrandma.

C.BothSallyandhisgrandma.

D.BothSallyandhisgrandpa.

31.【B11】

32.(36)

A.Sheshouldfindagoodjob.

B.Sheshouldopenasmallrestaurant.

C.Sheshouldhavemorecontroloverherlife.

D.Sheshouldgetmarried.

33.

【B8】

34.(22)

A.Inaneighbor'shouse.

B.Inamovietheater.

C.Athome.

D.Onthestreet.

35.(41)

36.聽力原文：M:LookatthelowpriceontheseCDs.Don'tyouthinktheyareafantasticbuy?

W:Yes,butqualityismoreimportantthanprice.Let'slookelsewherebeforemakingadecision.

Q:Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheprice?

(19)

A.Hethinksthattheyareofinferiorquality.

B.Hethinksthattheyareabargain.

C.Hethinksthattheyareoverpriced.

D.Hethinksthattheycanbepurchasedatacheaperpriceelsewhere.

37.聽力原文：M:Hasanythingimportantcomeupyet?

W:Yes,Mr.Smithcalledaboutfifteenminutesago.Heaskedmetohaveyoucallhimbetween10:30and12:00ifit'sconvenientforyou,otherwisehewillcallbackthisafternoon.Ijottedhisphonenumberdownonyourmemopad.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Mr.Smithwillcomethisafternoon.

B.ThemanwillprobablycallMr.Smith.

C.Mr.Smithcame15minutesago.

D.Mr.Smithcamebetween10:30and12:00

38.(45)

39.(13)

A.Tomwillcertainlycometorepairthestereo.

B.Tomcannotrepairthestereo.

C.Tomdoesn'tkeephisword.

D.Tomisverytrustworthy.

40.

【B6】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C7】

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Inadditiontohistheoryofcolour,Newtondevelopedatheoryofhowlighttravels.Thisisknownasthecorpuscular(微粒子的)theoryoflight,meaningthatlighttravelsasaseriesoftinybitsratherthanofcontinuingwaves.NewtonsenthiswritingsaboutlighttotheRoyalsociety,wheretheyweregiventoacommitteeledbyHooke.Sincethecorpusculartheorywasdifferentfromhisowntheory,Hookeattackedthepaper.Soonotherstartedtoargue,andHookewassupportedbyascientistfromHolland,ChristianHuygens.Atonetime,Newtonwassounhappywiththewholeaffairthathedecidedneveragaintopublishanyofhiswork.

Thebitterargumentcontinuedovertheyearsthatfollowed.Atfirst,HookeandHuygensreceivedmostofthesupport.LaterNewtonhadchangedhismindandlethisworkongravitybepublished,hebecamesofamousthatthingschanged.NowpeoplebelievedNewtoncoulddonothingwrong,andforahundredyearstheyfollowedhistheory.Then,intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,theexperimentsofaFrenchscientist,AugistingFrsned,showedthatlightcouldbeexplainedbestbyawavetheory.SothescientistschangedsidesagainsayingthatNewton'sideahaddelayedscientificprogressforahundredyears.

Strangelyenough,thepresentlyacceptedtheoryoflightcombinessomeoftheideasofboththeories.Thisisknownasthequantum(量子)theoryandresultsfromtheworkofsuch20thcenturyscientistsasAlbertEinsteinandMaxPlanck.Thequantumtheoryassumesthatlightisgivenoffasseparate"packages''ofenergy.Each"packages"oflight,orquantaofenergyastheyarecalled,arcgivenoffatsucharapidratethatthereisnogreatgapbetweenthem.

Thequantumtheoryseemstoexplaintheactionsoflightbetterthaneitherofthetwoearliertheories.However,formanypurposes,thewavetheoryisgoodenough.Soitisusedmostoftentoexplainlight.Butwhoistosaythatnewexperimentsandotherscientistsofourowntimeorinthefuturemaynotprovideanevenbettertheory?Thereiscertainlystillmuchworktobedonewithlightandcolour.

Accordingtothepassage,asafamousscientist,Newtonhasdid______theories.

43.

Theauthortellsusinparagraph4______.

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people'sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whatkindofmedicinepeopleshouldprepareathome

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

44.AccordingtoAniruddhPatel,languageisusuallyunderconsiderationwhen______.

A.musiciansexplainthecomplexmeaningbehindthemusic

B.therapiststrytotreatpatientswhosufferfromstroke

C.peopleresearchtheconnectionbetweenmusicandthebrain

D.researchersstudythefunctionsofdifferentpartsofthebrain

45.

Whatisthepropermeaningoftheword"cue"inthesecondparagraph?

A.Communication.B.Hint.C.Explanation.D.Production.

46.

Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftspreadingandunattended",theauthoraimsto______.

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusinghumanjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneededtobeconnected

47.

Whatdoesthelastparagraphindicate?

A.ThefindingswillhaveinfluencebeyondtheNorwichcampus.

B.Thepublicshouldhaveaccesstodata.

C.TheUKpublichaveinvestedmuchmoneyinscientificstudy.

D.Governmentshouldtakeresponsibilityinclimatestudies.

48.

Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.

A.itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

B.peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

C.weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

D.itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

49.

Thefactthatmanypublicplacesareinaccessibletothedisabledtestifiesthat______.

50.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

MostpeoplethinkoflionsasstrictlyAfricanbeasts,butonlybecausethey'vebeenkilledoffalmosteverywhereelse.Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe.Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfractionoftheirformerhabitat,andAsiaticlions,asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100,000yearsago,hangontoanalmostimpossiblysmallsliceoftheirformerterritory.

Indiaistheproudstewardofthese300orsolions,whichliveprimarilyina560-square-milesanctuary(保護(hù)區(qū)).IttookmeayearandahalftogetapermittoexploretheentireGirForestandnotimeatalltoseewhytheselionsbecamesymbolsofroyaltyandgreatness.Atigerwillhideintheforestunseen,butalionstandsitsground,curiousandunafraidlionhearted.ThoughtheytoldmeinsubtlewayswhenIgottooclose,Gir'slionsallowedmeuniqueglimpsesintotheirlivesduringmythreemonthsintheforest.It'soddtothinkthattheyarethreatenedbyextinction;Girhasasmanylionsasitcanhold--toomany,infact.Withterritoryinshortsupply,lionsmoveaboutneartheboundaryoftheforestandevenleaveitaltogether,oftenclashingwithpeople.That'sonereasonIndiaiscreatingasecondsanctuary.Thereareotherpressingreasons:outbreaksofdiseaseornaturaldisasters.In1994aseriousdiseasekilledmorethanathirdofAfrica'sSerengetilionsathousandanimals--afatethatcouldeasilyhappentoGir'scats.Theselionsareespeciallyvulnerabletodiseasebecausetheydescendfromasfewasadozenindividuals."IfyoudoaDNAtest,Asiaticlionsactuallylooklikeidenticaltwins,"saysStephenO'Brien,ageneticist(基困學(xué)家)whohasstudiedthem.Yetthedangersarehidden,andyouwouldn'tsuspectthembywatchingtheselordsoftheforest.Thelionsdisplayvitality,andnosmallmeasureofcharm.

Thoughthegentleintimacyofplayvanisheswhenit'stimetoeat,mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffairs.Foramotherandherbabylionsharingadeer,orayoungmaleeatinganantelope(羚羊),there'snoneedtofightforacutofthekill.TheanimalstheyhuntforfoodaregenerallysmallerinGitthanthoseinAfrica,andhuntinggroupstendtobesmalleraswell.

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortellsUsthatAsiaticlions______.

A.havekilledoffotherlions

B.havedescendedfromAfricanlions

C.usedtospanvastsectionsoftheglobe

D.havelosttheirhabitat

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.Wouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontents?Wouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthem?Ifyouranswertothesequestionsis"yes",thenyouareeitherextremelypermissive.Ifyouransweris"no",thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwords,byactingasacensoryourself,youareadmittingthatthereisastrongcaseforcensorship.

Now,ofcourse,youwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents'responsibilitytoprovideit.Butwhataboutadults?Aren'ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthem?Theansweristhatmanyadultsare,butdon'tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsarelikeyou.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelaw,censorshipcontributestothecommongood.

Somepeoplethinkthatitisdisgracefulthatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Whoisthisperson,theysay,tobanthisgreatbookorcutthatgreatfilm?Noonecansethimselfupasasuperiorbeing.Butwemustremembertwothings.Firstly,wheregenuineworksofartareconcerned,moderncensorsareextremelyliberalintheirviews-oftenfarmoreliberalthanalargesectionofthepublic.Artisticmeritissomethingwhichcensorsclearlyrecognize.Andsecondly,wemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooks,playsandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing"worksofart".

Whendiscussingcensorship,therefore,weshouldnotconfineourattentiontogreatmasterpieces,butshouldconsiderthevastnumbersofpublicationsandfilmswhichmakeupthebulkoftheentertainmentindustry.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed,immoralpeoplearegivenalicensetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof"art".Thereisanincreasingtendencytoequateartisticwith"pornographic".Thevastmarketforpornographywouldrapidlybeexploited.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdocsistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavorofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavorofanarchy.

Societywouldreallybethepoorerifitdepriveditselfofthewisecounselandtherestraininginfluencewhichacensorprovides.

Permissiveparentswould______.

A.lettheirchildrenreadanybookstheyliketo

B.notlettheirchildrenseeanyfilmstheyliketo

C.notlettheirchildrenreadanybookswithoutfirstcheckingtheircontents

D.lettheirchildrenseethefilm