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載電條件下鉻青銅純銅摩擦副摩擦磨損性能研究Introduction

Electricalconductivityhasasignificanteffectonthetribologicalpropertiesofmetallicmaterials.Inthisstudy,thefrictionandwearbehaviorofchromiumbronzeandpurecopperslidingagainsteachotherunderelectrifiedconditionswereinvestigated.

Experimentaldetails

Thespecimensusedinthisstudywerechromiumbronze(Cu-1.5wt%Cr)andpurecopper.Thespecimenswere10mmindiameterand10mminlength.Apin-on-disktribometerwasusedtoperformthefrictionandweartest.Theslidingspeedwaskeptconstantat1m/s,andtheloadwassetat10N.Thetestwascarriedoutforadurationof1800s.ThetestswereconductedunderdifferentelectricalconditionsusingavariableDCpowersupply.TheelectricalcontactresistancewasmeasuredcontinuouslythroughoutthetestusingaKeithley6221precisioncurrentsourcemeter.Thewornsurfaceswereanalyzedusingascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM).

Resultsanddiscussion

Undernon-electrifiedconditions,thefrictioncoefficientofchromiumbronzeslidingagainstpurecopperwashigherthanthatofpurecopperslidingagainstchromiumbronze.Thewearvolumeofchromiumbronzewaslowerthanthatofpurecopper.Thewornsurfaceofchromiumbronzeshowedarelativelysmoothsurfacewithonlyafewsmallandnarrowgrooves.Thewornsurfaceofpurecoppershowedsignificantdeformation,tearing,anddeepgrooves.Thisislikelyduetothesoftnessandlowyieldstrengthofpurecopper.

Underelectrifiedconditions,thefrictioncoefficientinitiallydecreasedslightlyandthenincreasedslightlybeforestabilizing.Forbothmaterials,thefrictioncoefficientdecreasedwithincreasingappliedvoltage.Thewearvolumealsodecreasedwithincreasingappliedvoltage.Thisislikelyduetotheformationofawearprotectivefilmonthewornsurfaceundertheactionoftheelectricalcurrent.Thisresultedinreducedfrictionandwear.However,thewearofchromiumbronzewasstilllowerthanthatofpurecopperunderallvoltageconditions,indicatingthatchromiumbronzehassuperiorwearresistancecomparedtopurecopper.

Conclusion

Inthisstudy,thetribologicalbehaviorofchromiumbronzeandpurecopperslidingagainsteachotherunderdifferentelectricalconditionswasinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthatundernon-electrifiedconditions,chromiumbronzehadbetterwearresistancethanpurecopper.Underelectrifiedconditions,thefrictioncoefficientandwearvolumeofbothmaterialsdecreasedwithincreasingappliedvoltage.However,thewearofchromiumbronzewasstilllowerthanthatofpurecopperunderallvoltageconditions,indicatingthatchromiumbronzeisamoresuitablematerialforuseinelectricalcontactapplicationswherewearresistanceisimportant.Thestudyofelectricalconductivityintribologyisimportantasitprovidesamethodtoreducefrictionandwearinelectricalcontactapplications.Theuseofelectrificationcancreateawearprotectivefilmonthewornsurface,whichcanimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthematerials.Theformationofthisfilmisduetotheelectrochemicalreactionthatoccursattheslidinginterfaceofthematerials.Thisreactionresultsinthedepositionofsmallamountsofmaterialontothewornsurface,whichformsathinprotectivelayer.

Chromiumbronze,duetoitsexcellentwearresistance,iscommonlyusedinelectricalcontactapplications.Thestudyshowedthatchromiumbronzehasbetterwearresistancethanpurecopperunderbothelectrifiedandnon-electrifiedconditions.Thisisbecausecopperisasoftmaterialandhaslowyieldstrength,meaningithasahighertendencytodeformandwearunderload.Chromiumbronze,ontheotherhand,containschromium,whichincreasesitsstrengthandwearresistance.

Theresultsshowedthatthewearprotectivefilmcreatedunderelectrifiedconditionsreducedthefrictioncoefficientandwearvolumeofthematerials.Thisisduetothereductioninadhesionandfrictionforcesbetweenthematerials.However,thesizeandthicknessofthefilmcandependonvariousfactors,includingtheappliedvoltage,slidingvelocity,andcontactpressure.Therefore,theeffectsofelectrificationontribologicalpropertiescanvaryandrequirefurtherinvestigationforspecificapplications.

Inconclusion,theuseofelectrificationcanimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofmetallicmaterialsinelectricalcontactapplications.Thestudyshowedthatchromiumbronzeisamoresuitablematerialforuseintheseapplicationsduetoitsexcellentwearresistance.Theformationofawearprotectivefilmunderelectrifiedconditionsreducesfrictionandwear,providingawaytoimprovethelifespanandperformanceofelectricalcontacts.Nevertheless,futureresearchneedstoconductfurtherin-depthinvestigationstounderstandthemechanismstotailorthetribologicalpropertiesofthematerialsunderspecificconditions.Onepotentialapplicationofelectrificationintribologyisforelectricalcontactsinautomotiveandaerospaceindustries.Theseindustriesrequireconsistentandreliableelectricalconnectionsthatcanwithstandharshenvironmentsandcontinuoususe.Theuseofelectrificationtoreducefrictionandwearinthesecontactscanimprovetheefficiencyandreliabilityofthesesystems.

Anotherpotentialapplicationisinthefieldofmicro-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS),whichareusedinvariousdevicessuchassensors,actuators,andswitches.Duetotheirsmallsize,MEMSdevicesarehighlysusceptibletowearandfriction,whichcanlimittheirlifespanandperformance.Theuseofelectrificationtocreateawearprotectivefilmonthecontactsurfacesofthesedevicescanimprovetheirdurabilityandperformance.

Furthermore,theincorporationofnanotechnologyandadvancedmaterials,suchascarbon-basedcoatings,canfurtherimprovetheeffectivenessofelectrificationintribology.Thesematerialscanenhancethedepositionandadhesionoftheprotectivefilm,resultingingreaterreductioninfrictionandwear.

Insummary,thestudyofelectricalconductivityintribologyprovidesinsightsintothemechanismsofwearprotectionandcanleadtothedevelopmentofmaterialsandtechniquestoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofmetallicmaterials.Theuseofelectrificationprovidesauniquewaytoreducefrictionandwear,makingitapromisingapproachforvariousapplicationsinindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,andMEMS.Continuedresearchinthisfieldcanleadtothedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandmaterialswithimprovedtribologicalproperties.Anotherpotentialapplicationofelectrificationintribologyisinthedevelopmentofefficientenergyconversionsystems.Theconversionofmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyisaffectedbythetribologicalinteractionsbetweenthecomponentsofthesystem.Theuseofelectrificationinthesesystemscanimprovetheefficiencybyreducingfrictionandwearinthecontactsurfacesofthecomponents.

Electrificationcanalsoimprovetheperformanceoflubricantsintribologicalapplications.Theelectricalconductivityoflubricantscanbemodifiedsystematicallytoprovidebetterlubricationandwearprotection.Thiscanbeachievedbyincorporatingconductiveadditivesinthelubricantsorbyapplyinganelectricalfieldtothelubricantfilm.

Inaddition,theuseofelectrificationcanprovideanewapproachtosurfacemodificationtechniquesforimprovingtribologicalproperties.Electrochemicalsurfacemodificationcanbeusedtogenerateawear-resistantandlow-frictionsurfacelayeronmetalcomponents.Thistechniqueinvolvesapplyinganelectricalpotentialbetweenthecomponentandanelectrodeinasuitableelectrolyte.Theresultingel

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