跨文化交際課件

Unit5:CultureandVerbalCommunication牛刀小試Allculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewaysinwhichpolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.Addressingformslike“MissMary”,“Brown”bytheChinesemaybeaformofculturalcompromise.RanksinthearmedforceslikeCaptain,Colonelcanbeusedastitles.WesternerscanunderstandwhatUnclepolicemanorP.L.A.Unclemeans.FTTT5.WecanaddressJasonDouglas,whoisalawyer,asLawyerDouglas.6.ChinesehospitalitytowardtheWesternersisalwaysgreatlyappreciated.7.TheChinesewayofshowingconcernisusuallyappreciatedbytheWesterners.8.“Thankyouforcoming!”isatypicalexpressionusedbyWesternhostswhentheguestsjustarrived.ComprehensionCheckFFFFTeachingObjectives1.Tounderstandhowlanguageandculturearecloselylinked

2.TounderstandpragmaticsininterculturalCommunication3.Identifytheculturaldifferencesin,greetings,

smalltalks,

conversationaltopics,complimentandresponse,visiting,parting,gratitudeandapology,etc.Verbalinterculturalcommunication“verbal”means“consistingofwords”.Language,spokenorwritten,isameansofverbalcommunication.Verbalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationthatiscarriedeither

inoralorinwrittenform

withtheuseofwords.Verbalinterculturalcommunicationhappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.LanguageandcultureMasteringallthoserulesoflanguage，suchasphonology,morphology,syntaxandsemantics,isstillnotenoughforeffectivecommunication,forlanguageandculturecannotbeseparated.Theyareintertwined,shapingeachother,asinthechickenandeggdilemma---whichcamefirst,thelanguageortheculture?Whenselectingwords,formingsentences,andsendingamessage,eitheroralorwritten,onealsomakesculturalchoices.BACKPragmaticsininterculturalCommunicationLanguagecanbeusedtoperformmanytasks:toaddresspeople,tocomplimentpeople,tomakearequest,toextendaninvitation,todeclareamanandawomanhusbandandwife,andeventosentenceacriminaltodeath.Pragmaticsisthestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehaviors.Bylearningpragmatics,wecanunderstandhowtocommunicateproperly.Oureverydaycommunicationisfilledwithsuchpragmaticuseoflanguage,buttherealizationofspeechactisdifferentfromculturetoculture.CasestudyProf.Xia:Wouldyouliketohaveacupofcoffee?Prof.Graham:ShouldIreplyinEnglishwayorChineseway?Prof.Xia:InEnglishway.Prof.Graham:Then,yes.Prof.Xia:

TeainEnglishwayaswell?Prof.Graham:No,inChinesewaythistime.Prof.Xia:Jollygood.You’vesavedme.Justoutofmilk.Prof.Graham:(startslaughing)BACKIdentifytheculturaldifferencesin:

greetings,smalltalks,conversationaltopics,

complimentandresponse,visiting,parting,gratitudeandapology,etcGreetings&SmallTalks

打招呼/問候/寒暄Greetings打招呼/問候上哪去？

去哪啦？吃過了嗎？Whereareyougoing?Wherehaveyoubeen?Haveyouhadyourmeal?It’snoneofyourbusiness!Areyougoingtoinvitemetodinner?Haveyouhadyourmeal?“WhenIfirstwenttoHongKonganumberofyearsago,IhadnoideaabouttheChineselanguageortheChineseculture.Shortlyaftermyarrival,Iwenttothebankonmywaytoschool.IwasextremelysurprisedwhenthebankclerkaskedmeifIhadhadmylunch.Iproceededtoschoolandwasevenmoresurprisedwhenoneoftheteachersaskedmethesamequestion.BynowIrealizedthatitcouldnotbeaninvitation,butIwaspuzzledastowhytheykeptaskingit.…”Haveyouhadyourmeal?“…Inthefollowingdays,asIwasaskedthequestionagainandagain,Icametotheconclusionthatpeoplemustbeconcernedaboutmyhealth.Iwassomewhatunderweight,andIassumedtheymustbeworriedthatIwasnoteatingproperly.Onlylater,didIfindoutthatthequestionhadnorealsignificanceatall,itwasmerelyagreeting.”Haveyouhadyourmeal?“InBritishculture,thisquestionwouldberegardedasanindirectinvitationtolunch,andbetweenunmarriedyoungpeopleitindicatesayoungman’sinterestindatingagirl.Sincehewasacompletestranger,Iwasquitetakenaback.”

Whereareyougoing?

/Wherehaveyoubeen?“Englishpeoplehaveaverystrongsenseofprivacy.Theyareeasilyoffendedbycommentswhichseemtoinvadepersonallives,sotheChinesegreeting“whereareyougoing?”isuncomfortabletothem.Theyregarditasarequestforinformationandasaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Infact,manyforeignteachersinChinahavecomplainedthattheirroomattendants服務員arespiesbecausetheattendantshavegreetedthemwith“whereareyougoing?”---HelenOately,1988PrivacyWhatisprivacy?Privacy1)thestateofbeinghiddenorundisturbed,aperson'srighttothis2)freedomfromintrusion侵擾orpublicattention3)avoidanceofpublicity--TheConciseOxfordDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish秘密，隱私，私下，獨處，不愿別人干涉PrivacyTheinformationthatonewishtoremainunnoticedinthepublicrealm.Whensomethingisprivatetoaperson,itusuallymeansthereissomethingwithinthemthatisconsideredinherently內在旳specialorpersonallysensitive敏感旳.Privacycanbeseenasanaspectofsecurity.InEnglishPoke/pryintootherpeople'sbusiness

探詢別人旳事

meddleinotherpeople’saffairs

干涉別人旳事

(meddlers干涉者，愛管閑事旳人)nosy

好管閑事旳（NosyParker好事者）keepyournoseoutofourbusiness

我們旳事不要你管mindyourownbusiness

別管閑事It’snoneofyourbusiness.

這不關你旳事

Don’tputyourhandbetweenthebark樹皮andthetree.別管別人旳家務事。InChinese君子坦蕩蕩，小人常戚戚明人不做暗事若要人不知，除非己莫為人有短，切莫揭人有私，切莫說家丑不可外揚打人莫打臉，揭人莫揭短打人莫打人痛處，罵人莫罵人羞處InChina,peoplealwaysstatethattheydon'thave“yinsi”O(jiān)nthecontrary,Americansoftendeclaretheirintentiontoprotecttheirprivacy.Peoplebelievethatothershavenorighttopryinto（窺探）thingswhichbelongtothemselvesaloneandhavenothingtodowithothers.

Onewhoistoonosyandwhospreadsrumorsissaidtoviolatetherighttoprivacy.InDailyConversation:Chinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetohumanfeelingsandinterpersonalrelationships.Westernpeoplevaluetheirprivacymore.AcceptableGreetings

中文你吃過飯了嗎？你去哪兒？上哪去了？英文Howareyou?Howareyoudoing?How’slife?Howisyourfamily?Howiseverything?AcceptableGreetings中文出去呀？吃飯去？回來了？忙著呢？忙什么呢？在洗車呀？英文What’sup?What’shappening?What’sgoingon?Lovelyday,isn’tit?Miserableweather,isn’tit?It’saheavyrain,isn’tit?AcceptableGreeting

夸獎式問候中文這衣服真漂亮，新買旳吧？你看起來氣色不錯。你發(fā)福了。英文Youlookfantasticinthisdress!Youlookverysmartinthatsweater.EnglishGreetingsGreetings&SmallTalksinEnglishAcceptableSmallTalkTopicsTopicsthatareacceptabletobothWesternersandChinese:*Hobbies*Newsoralocalornationalevent*Holidays;*Jobs*Theweather;*Films/books…SmallTalks1.WeatherBeautifulday,isn’tit?Canyoubelieveallofthisrainwe’vebeenhaving?Itlookslikeit’sgoingtosnow.Wecouldn’taskforanicerday,couldwe?SmallTalk:weatherandplansSmallTalks2.NewsDidyoucatchthenewstoday?DidyouhearaboutthatfireinShenzheng?Whatdoyouthinkaboutthisstrike?Ireadinthepapertodaythat…Iheardontheradiotodaythat…SmallTalks:talkingaboutthenewsSmallTalks3.IntheOfficeLookingforwardtotheweekend?Ican’tbelievehowbusy/quietwearetoday,canyou?Hasitbeenalongweek?Whatdoyouthinkofthenewcomputers?SmallTalks4.InthePartySo,howdoyouknowJustin?HaveyoutriedthecabbagerollsthatSandymade?Areyouenjoyingyourself?Prettyniceplace,huh?Iloveyourdress.CanIaskwhereyougotit?SmallTalks5.DuringWalkingHowdoyoulikethenewpark?Nicedaytobeoutside,isn’tit?Thetulipsaresurebeautifulatthistimeofyear,aren’tthey?SmallTalk:showyourconcernSmallTalks6.DuringWaitingThebusmustberunninglatetoday.Itlookslikewearegoingtobehereforawhile,huh?Youlooklikeyou’vegotyourhandsfull(withgoods)Example1A:Hotinhere,isn’tit?B:Yeah,really.A:IsitOKifIsithere?B:Ofcourse.Helpyourself.A:Thanks.Myname’sCharlieBrown,bytheway.B:Hi,I’mJennyBlair.A:Nicetomeetyou.Andwhatdoyoudo,Jenny?B:I’mastudentatPrinceton.A:Oh,areyou?Andwhatareyoustudying?B:Medicine.A:Really?B:Yes,Iwanttobeadoctoroneofthesedays.Whataboutyou?A:I’manengineer.IworkforBoeing.Say,wouldyoulikeadrink?B:Sure.Thanks.Example2A:Ilikeyourchair.B:Thankyou.Imadeitmyself.A:Really?Ididn’tknowthatyouworkwithwood.B:I’vebeendoingthisforfiveyears.A:Didyoutakeaclassinwoodworking？B:No,Itaughtmyselffrombooks.A:That’sgreat.AnythingWrong?在某公共汽車站，當初天正下著雨，中國學生李鵬和一位英國人都在等車。李鵬想趁機練練英語口語，于是主動上去跟這位英國人打招呼。他說：“It’srainingtoday,isn’tit?”It’saheavyrain,isn’tit?UnacceptableTopicsinEnglishOne’ssalaryisregardedasextremelypersonalandprivateintheWest.Itisbettertoavoidquestionslike“Howmuchdoyouearn?”UnacceptableTopic:

Income[Direct/Indirect]ItisverycommoninChinatoasksomeonehowmuchtheypaidforaparticularitem.IntheWest,itisnotnormallyacceptabletoasksomeonedirectlyhowmuchtheypaidforsomething.Thisissuecanonlybeapproachedindirectly.Income[Direct/Indirect]A:That’sabeautifulbicycle!Wheredidyoubuyit?B:AtthebicycleshoponTianheRoad.A:Oh,I’dlovetobuyonemyself.Wasitveryexpensive?B:Notreally.Infact,Ithoughtitwasquitereasonable.Ipaid200yuanforit.ForExample[B:No,notveryexpensive./Yes,alittlebitexpensive.]A:Howmuchdidyoupayforthebicycle?

Children’sParadiseMiddle-agedmen’sBattlefieldOldmen’sGrave

UnacceptableTopic:

Age在中國卻是資歷、尊嚴與權威旳象征“不聽老人言，吃虧在眼前”“姜是老旳辣”“老將出馬，一種頂倆”痛苦、悲痛、卻又無可奈何UnacceptableTopic:

AgeGenerallyspeaking,itisregardedasimpoliteinWesternculturetoaskapersonhisorherage.Thisisparticularlytrueofwomanwhensheisoverthirty.Soadirectquestionlike“howoldareyou?”shouldbeavoided.UnacceptableTopic:AgeDuringmystayinCanada,Ihadaninterestingexperience.Onedayafterclass,agroupofstudentsandIchattedoveracupofcoffee.Amalestudentnexttomeasked,“Howoldareyou?”Iwastakeabackatitatfirst.ThenIsaidwithasmile,“Well,whileIwasinChina,IreadthatWesternerswouldneveraskawomansuchaquestion.”Hearingthis,hesaid,

“Weusuallydon’taskawomanoverthirty.”

inordertoprovethis,hecasuallyaskedanotherfemalestudent,“Howoldareyou?”Thewomansaidwithouthesitation,“22.”

“Isyourhusband/wifewithyou?”“Howmanychildrendoyouhave?”O(jiān)nhearingthatthepersonisnotmarried:“I’msosorry”UnacceptableTopic:

MarriageQuestion:Whatwouldyousayifyoureallywanttoknowwhetherthepersonismarriedornot?

Generalquestions(acceptable):“Doyouhavealargefamily?”“Aretheremanyinyourfamily?”

allowstheoptionoftalkingaboutparents,brothersandsisters,spouseorchildren.Let’slearnmoreabout

ProtectingandRespectingPrivacy

跨文化社交案例分析W(oman):Wecouldn’taskforabetterday,couldwe?M(an):Iknow.Thereisn’tacloudinthesky.ButIheardtheyarecallingforrainallweekend.W:Really?Ohwell.Ihavetoworkallweekendanyway.M:Wow.I’msureyoumakegoodmoneywiththatdiamondwatchyouhaveon.W:Ah,thisbusseemstoberunninglate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaiting?M:I’vebeenhereforatleast15minutesnow.Whereareyouheadingtoday?W:Actually,I’mgoingtotheCityHalltocastmyvoteformayor.M;Oh,whatacoincidence.SoamI!Whoareyouvotingfor?

W:Um,well…I’mstillthinkingaboutit.Herecomesabusnow.Ithoughtitwouldnevercome.Well,haveaniceday.Question1:WhoisChinese,themanorthewoman?Question2:WhatareinappropriatelysaidbytheChinese?W(oman):Wecouldn’taskforabetterday,couldwe?M(an):Iknow.Thereisn’tacloudinthesky.ButIheardtheyarecallingforrainallweekend.W:Really?Ohwell.Ihavetoworkallweekendanyway.M:Wow.I’msureyoumakegoodmoneywiththatdiamondwatchyouhaveon.W:Ah,thisbusseemstoberunninglate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaiting?M:I’vebeenhereforatleast15minutesnow.Whereareyouheadingtoday?W:Actually,I’mgoingtotheCityHalltocastmyvoteformayor.M;Oh,whatacoincidence.SoamI!Whoareyouvotingfor?

W:Um,well…I’mstillthinkingaboutit.Herecomesabusnow.Ithoughtitwouldnevercome.Well,haveaniceday.W(oman):Wecouldn’taskforabetterday,couldwe?M(an):Iknow.Thereisn’tacloudinthesky.ButIheardtheyarecallingforrainallweekend.W:Really?Ohwell.Ihavetoworkallweekendanyway.M:Wow.I’msureyoumakegoodmoneywiththatdiamondwatchyouhaveon.W:Ah,thisbusseemstoberunninglate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaiting?M:I’vebeenhereforatleast15minutesnow.Whereareyouheadingtoday?W:Actually,I’mgoingtotheCityHalltocastmyvoteformayor.M;Oh,whatacoincidence.SoamI!Whoareyouvotingfor?

W:Um,well…I’mstillthinkingaboutit.Herecomesabusnow.Ithoughtitwouldnevercome.Well,haveaniceday.Woman1:(Standinginacornerdrinkingaglassofwinebyherself)Man:Hithere.Whyaren’tyoudancing?Woman1:(Smiles.Noresponse.)Man:So,howdoyouknowRick?Woman2:Oh,RickandIgowayback.Westudiednursingtogether.Man:ThenyouandRickmustbeatthesameage,right?Butyoulookreallyyounger.Woman2:Thankyou.Well,Ihadbettergoandmingle.ThereareafewpeopleIhaven’tsaidhellotoyet.Man:Wait!DidyouhearthatthePopeiscomingtotown?Woman2:Ya.Iheardthatonthenewstoday.Ibetit’llbereallytoughtogettoseehim.Man:Iknow.ButI’mnotCatholicanyway.Areyou?

Woman2:Yes,Iamactually.Canyouspottheplacesthatwentwrong?DiagnosingProblemsWoman1:(Standinginacornerdrinkingaglassofwinebyherself)Man:Hithere.Whyaren’tyoudancing?Woman1:(Smiles.Noresponse.)Man:So,howdoyouknowRick?Woman2:Oh,RickandIgowayback.Westudiednursingtogether.Man:ThenyouandRickmustbeatthesameage,right?Butyoulookreallyyounger.Woman2:Thankyou.Well,Ihadbettergoandmingle.ThereareafewpeopleIhaven’tsaidhellotoyet.Man:Wait!DidyouhearthatthePopeiscomingtotown?Woman2:Ya.Iheardthatonthenewstoday.Ibetit’llbereallytoughtogettoseehim.Man:Iknow.ButI’mnotCatholicanyway.Areyou?

Woman2:Yes,Iamactually.DiagnosingProblemsWoman1:(Standinginacornerdrinkingaglassofwinebyherself)Man:Hithere.Whyaren’tyoudancing?Woman1:(Smiles.Noresponse.)Man:So,howdoyouknowRick?Woman2:Oh,RickandIgowayback.Westudiednursingtogether.Man:ThenyouandRickmustbeatthesameage,right?Butyoulookreallyyounger.Woman2:Thankyou.Well,Ihadbettergoandmingle.ThereareafewpeopleIhaven’tsaidhellotoyet.Man:Wait!DidyouhearthatthePopeiscomingtotown?Woman2:Ya.Iheardthatonthenewstoday.Ibetit’llbereallytoughtogettoseehim.Man:Iknow.ButI’mnotCatholicanyway.Areyou?

Woman2:Yes,Iamactually.DiagnosingProblemsWoman1:(Standinginacornerdrinkingaglassofwinebyherself)Man:Hithere.Whyaren’tyoudancing?Woman1:(Smiles.Noresponse.)Man:So,howdoyouknowRick?Woman2:Oh,RickandIgowayback.Westudiednursingtogether.Man:ThenyouandRickmustbeatthesameage,right?Butyoulookreallyyounger.Woman2:Thankyou.Well,Ihadbettergoandmingle.ThereareafewpeopleIhaven’tsaidhellotoyet.Man:Wait!DidyouhearthatthePopeiscomingtotown?Woman2:Ya.Iheardthatonthenewstoday.Ibetit’llbereallytoughtogettoseehim.Man:Iknow.ButI’mnotCatholicanyway.Areyou?

Woman2:Yes,Iamactually.DiagnosingProblems一位中國學生和一位外國朋友聊天A:HowlonghaveyoulivedinGuangzhou?B:I’vebeenhereforsixyearsalready.A:Whatdoyoudo?B:I’mateacher.Howaboutyou?A:Isee.Howmanychildrendoyouhave?B:I’mnotmarried,actually.A:Yes.HowcanIimprovemyEnglish?B:…SummaryChineseoftenirritateWesternersbythewayinwhichtheytrytostartconversations.Theproblemoftenliesin:(1)predictabilityofthequestions:

Whereareyoufrom?/AreyoufromAmerica?/HowcanIimprovemyEnglish?(2)Theinvasionofone’sprivacy:Howoldareyou?/Areyoumarried?/Whereisyourhusband/wife?/Howmuchdoyouearn?(3)Littleattentionpaidtotheanswersalreadygiven.Conversationsbetweenstrangersnormallyoccurinnatural,notcontrivedcircumstances.TherearemanytopicsthatareacceptabletobothWesternersandChinese,suchasthefollowing:Hobbies/localornationalevents/holidays/jobs/weather/films/booksThankYou~!InterculturalCommunication

Communicationbetweencultures:verbalcommunicationCultureisaBridge.Contents1.VerbalCommunication2.OralCommunication3.WrittenCommunication4.Theproblemofusing

theLocalLanguageCompanyL/O/G/O1.1LanguageandCulture1.2SemanticsinInterculturalCommunication1.3PragmaticsinInterculturalCommunication

Languageispartofculture.Semanticsisasystemthatassociateswordstomeaning.Pragmaticsisthestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehaviors.1.VerbalCommunicationVerbalcommunication

DefinitionofvcVCtakesplacewhen

VCtakesplacewhen

VCreferstothecommunicationthatiscarriedouteitherinoralorinwrittenformwiththeuseofwords.universitystudentsarecomposinganarticle,finishingaprofessor’sassignmentoncampus.theemployeesarewritingareporttotheirmanagersinacompanybyemail.

peoplearechattingwiththeirfriends,discussinganissueinagroup,ormakingapublicspeech.

verbalcommunicationskillfulandeffectivecarefulchoiceoflanguagelogicalandemotionaleffectobjectiveandsubjectivefactorsneedsofthemessagesenderandreceiveradaptyourmaterialandyourmannertotheperson(orpersons)withwhomyouaretalking.Findoutwhatintereststhepersonyouaretalkingto,possiblybeforeyoumeethim.“十億人民九億騙，河南人民是教練，總部設在駐馬店?！?10203

獸中之王虎口拔牙狐假虎威

LioninthewestTigerinChinaDogsintheWestandChinaNote:

Awordmayhaverichculturallycreatedconnotativemeaningsinonelanguage,whileitisseldomusedwiththesamemeaningsinanother.Culturalfactorsinverbalcommunication

kingofanimalsbearthelion

assinthelion'sskinhumanbestfriendsaluckydog狼心狗肺狗急跳墻

Everydoghashisday.WaysofVCbetweenEastersandWesternersEasternersaresuperficial,beataboutthebush,polite,reasonsfirst,conversationalgreetings,concernforothers,vague,talkthesametime,Westerners

aredirect,c