chapter-10-職業(yè)及人力資源發(fā)展

Chapter10CareersandHRDevelopment

職位和人力資源發(fā)展

孫志婕2012.4.11編輯pptContentCareers職位SpecialCareerIssuesforOrganizationsandEmployees企業(yè)和員工的職位問題DevelopingHumanResources人力資源發(fā)展DevelopmentNeedsAnalyses發(fā)展需求分析SuccessionPlanning接班人計劃\繼任計劃ChoosingaDevelopmentApproach發(fā)展方式選擇ManagementDevelopment管理發(fā)展編輯pptCareersAcareeristheseriesofwork-relatedpositionsapersonoccupiesthroughoutlife.職位是指個人一生中占有的一系列與工作相關(guān)的地位。Effectivecareerplanningconsidersbothorganization-centeredandindividualcenteredperspectives.有效的職位計劃要同時從組織為中心和個人為中心的角度考慮。編輯pptCareersOrganization-CenteredCareerPlanningfocusesonjobsandonidentifyingcareerpathsthatprovideforthelogicalprogressionofpeoplebetweenjobsinanorganization.以組織為中心的職位計劃關(guān)注于職位本身以及識別職位道路，以便為組織中不同職位的員工提供合理的進(jìn)步。Individual-CenteredCareerPlanningfocusesonanindividual’scareerratherthanonorganizationalneeds.比起關(guān)注組織的需求，以個人為中心的職位計劃更加關(guān)注個人的職位。編輯pptIndividual-CenteredCareerPlanning

ActivitiesforindividualstomanagetheircareersSelf-assessment自我評價Feedbackonreality對現(xiàn)狀的反饋Settingcareergoals設(shè)定職位目標(biāo)編輯pptHowPeopleChooseCareersGeneralindividualcharacteristicsaffectchoices:Interest:peopletendtopursuecareersthattheybelievematchtheirinterests.人們傾向于追求與其興趣相投的職位。Self-image:acareerisanextensionofaperson’sself-image.職位是個人自我形象的擴(kuò)展。Personality:includesanemployee’spersonalorientationandpersonalneeds.個性包括個人傾向和個人需求。Socialbackgrounds:socioeconomicstatusandtheeducationallevelandoccupationofaperson’sparentsarealsofactorsincluded.社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位、教育水平以及父母的職業(yè)也是影響因素。編輯pptCareerTransitionsandHR

ThreecareertransitionOrganizationalentryandsocialization組織準(zhǔn)入和社會化Transfersandpromotions:offeropportunitiesforemployeestodevelopandoftenbringpayincreases.調(diào)動和晉升是指為員工提供發(fā)展機(jī)會，通常伴隨著薪酬的增加。Jobloss：itismostassociatedwithdownsizing,mergers,andacquisitions.失業(yè)通常與企業(yè)裁員、兼并和收購有關(guān)。編輯pptRetirementIssues

EmotionalAdjustmentsforRetireesSelf-management自我管理Needtobelong歸屬需求Prideinachievement成就帶來的自豪感Territoriality工作“地盤”Goals目標(biāo)設(shè)定編輯pptCareerIssuesCareerplateaus職位停滯:thelackofopportunitytomoveup.缺乏機(jī)會繼續(xù)晉升。Technicalandprofessionalworkers技術(shù)及專業(yè)人員:theseindividualswanttostayintheirtechnicalareasratherthanentermanagement;yetadvancementinorganizationsfrequentlyrequiresamoveintomanagement.盡管企業(yè)的進(jìn)步需要人員進(jìn)入管理層，但比起進(jìn)入管理部門，這些人員更想留在自己的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。Dual-careercouples雙職工家庭:dual-careercouplemaylosesomeincomewhenrelocating;thustheyhavehigherexpectations,requestmorehelpandexpecthighersalaries.遷移會減少雙職工家庭的收入，因此，他們有更高的期望，尋求更多的幫助，期望得到更高的薪水。編輯pptApproachesaddressthedual-careerconcernsPayingemploymentagencyfeesfortherelocatingpartner.為安置的一方支付職業(yè)介紹所的費用。Payingfordesignatednumberoftripsforthepartnertolookforajobintheproposednewlocation.為另一方支付指定數(shù)量的旅行費用，以便在新的地區(qū)尋找工作。Helpingthepartnerfindajobwithinthesamecompanyorinanotherdivisionorsubsidiaryofthecompany.幫助另一方在同一家公司或是在此公司的分支機(jī)構(gòu)或子公司找工作。Developingcomputerizedjobbankstosharewithothercompaniesintheareathatlistpartnersavailableforjobopenings.發(fā)展電子化的職位銀行并與此地區(qū)的其他企業(yè)分享，列出職位空缺所適合的工作人選。編輯pptDevelopingHumanResourcesDevelopmentrepresentseffortstoimproveemployees’abilitytohandleavarietyofassignmentandtocultivatecapabilitiesbeyondthoserequiredbythecurrentjob.發(fā)展意味著努力提高員工的能力來處理各種各樣的任務(wù)，同時培養(yǎng)員工除現(xiàn)有工作要求以外的能力。編輯pptDevelopmentvs.Training

Performanceappraisals;

cost-benefitanalysis;passing

tests,or

certificationQualifiedpeopleavailablewhenneeded;promotionfromwithinpossible;HR-basedcompetitiveadvantageLearnspecificbehaviorsandactions;demonstratetechniquesandprocessesUnderstandinformationconceptsandcontext;developjudgment;expandcapacitiesforassignmentsTraining

DevelopmentShortertermLongertermFocusTimeframeEffectivenessmeasures編輯pptHRDevelopmentProcessFormulateHRplans人力資源計劃構(gòu)想Identifynecessarycapabilities確定必要的能力Assessdevelopmentneeds評估發(fā)展需求Carryoutsuccessionplanning執(zhí)行繼任計劃Evaluatedevelopmentsuccess評估發(fā)展成果（是否成功）Conductdevelopmentplanning執(zhí)行發(fā)展計劃Determinedevelopmentapproaches決定發(fā)展方式編輯pptDevelopingSpecificCapabilitiesImportantandcommonmanagementcapabilitiesactionorientation動作定向qualitydecisionmaking質(zhì)量決策ethicalvalues倫理道德價值technicalskills專業(yè)技術(shù)能力編輯pptDevelopingSpecificCapabilitiesCertainnon-technicalabilities

Abilitytoworkunderpressure面對工作壓力的能力Abilitytoworkindependently獨立工作的能力Abilitytosolveproblemsquickly快速解決問題的能力Abilitytousepastknowledgeinanewsituation有能力在新處境中使用以前的知識編輯pptDevelopmentNeedsAnalysesAssessmentCenter:acollectionofinstrumentsandexercisesdesignedtodiagnoseindividuals’developmentneeds.評估中心是指設(shè)計一系列的工具和練習(xí)來診斷個體的發(fā)展需求。PsychologicalTesting:usedtodetermineemployees’developmentpotentialandneeds.使用心理測試來確定員工的發(fā)展?jié)摿托枰?。PerformanceAppraisals:itisasourceofdevelopmentinformation.績效評估是發(fā)展信息的來源。編輯pptSuccessionPlanningSuccessionplanningisaprocessofidentifyingalonger-termplanfortheorderlyreplacementofkeyemployees.繼任計劃是確認(rèn)核心員工有序更換的長期計劃的過程。編輯pptSuccessionPlanningProcessFormulatestrategicHRplan制定人力資源戰(zhàn)略計劃Addresssuccessionplanning進(jìn)行繼任計劃Assesscurrentemployeecapabilitiesandinterests評估當(dāng)前員工的能力與興趣Developpreliminaryreplacementcharts發(fā)展初步的置換圖表EngageinHRdevelopment進(jìn)行人力資源發(fā)展Periodicallyreviewandreassessplans定期檢查和重新評估計劃編輯pptChoosingaDevelopmentApproachDevelopmentapproaches:job-sitemethods工作中的方法Coaching:thetrainingandfeedbackgiventoemployeesbyimmediatesupervisors.輔導(dǎo)是指上級主管給予員工的培訓(xùn)和反饋。Committeeassignments\meetings委員會任務(wù)\會議Jobrotation:theprocessofshiftinganemployeesfromjobtojob.崗位輪換是指將員工從一個崗位轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個崗位的過程。“Assistant-to”positions:staffpositionsimmediatelyunderamanager.“助理”職位是指僅次于經(jīng)理的員工職位。On-linedevelopment在線發(fā)展Corporateuniversities/careerdevelopmentcenters企業(yè)大學(xué)\職位發(fā)展中心“Learningorganization”學(xué)習(xí)型組織編輯pptChoosingaDevelopmentApproachDevelopmentapproaches:off-sitemethods

工作外的方法Classroomcoursesanddegrees課堂課程和學(xué)位Humanrelationstraining:preparesupervisorstodealwith“peopleproblems”broughttothembytheiremployees.人際關(guān)系培訓(xùn)是指主管要準(zhǔn)備好處理員工帶給他們的“人際問題”。Simulations(businessgames):adevelopmenttechniquethatrequiresparticipantstoanalyzeasituationanddecidethebestcourseofactionbasedonthedatagiven.模擬（商業(yè)游戲）是一種發(fā)展技術(shù)，要求參與者分析情況并根據(jù)給出的數(shù)據(jù)決定最好的行動計劃。Sabbaticalandleavesofabsence:paidtimeoffthejobtodevelopandrejuvenateoneself.休假和缺席是指帶薪休假來發(fā)展和激發(fā)自我。out-doortraining:sendmanagersandemployeesofftoordealsinthewilderness.戶外訓(xùn)練是指將經(jīng)理和員工送去野外進(jìn)行考驗。編輯pptManagementcoachingOutlineofgoodcoachingpointers優(yōu)質(zhì)訓(xùn)練指標(biāo)Explainingappropriatebehavior恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨榻忉孧akingclearwhyactionsweretaken弄清行動進(jìn)行的原因Accuratelystatingobservations準(zhǔn)確的闡述觀察Providingpossiblealternatives\suggestions提供可能的替代方案\建議Followingup\reinforcing跟進(jìn)\強(qiáng)化編輯pptMentoringMentoringisarela