2012年全國專業(yè)技術人員職稱英語等級考試理工類真題及答案A

2012年職稱英語考試理工類A級試題及參考答案第一部分：詞匯選項（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語有括號，請為每處括號部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1.

Heshiftedhispositionalittleinorderto(alleviate)thepaininhisleg.A.

controlB.easyC.experience D.suffer2.

Ouraimwasto(update)thehealthservice,andwesucceeded. A.

offer B.provideC.modernizeD.fund3.

Shemovesfromone(exotic)locationtoanother.A.

unusual B.familiar C.similarD.proper 4.

Nothingwould(induce)metovoteforhimagain.A.

teach B.helpC.discourageD.attract 5.

Thephotographs(evoked)strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance. A.

refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased6.

Theweatherwas(crisp)andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.

hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy7.

Everyweekthemagazinepresentsthe(profile)ofawell-knownsportspersonality.A.

successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan8.

Hercommentsaboutmenare(utterly)ridiculouscompletely. A.

slightly B.completelyC.partlyD.faintly9.

Thewallsaremadeof(hollow)concreteblocks. A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now10.

Wealmost(raninto)aRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found11.

WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthavinga(peep) look. A.

chanceB. visitC.lookD.try12.

Hehasbeengranted(asylum)inFrance. A.

powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license13.

Hewas(weary)oftheconstantbattlebetweenthem. A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid14.

Newbornbabiescan(discriminate)betweenaman’sandawoman`svoice. A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes15.

Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesame(layout)arrangement.A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement答案：alleviate—easeupdate—modernizeexotic—unusualinduce—attractevoked—refreshedcrisp—freshprofile—descriptionutterly—completelyhollow—emptyraninto—hitpeep—lookasylum—protectionweary—tireddiscriminate—distinguishlayout—arrangement其次部分：閱讀推斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請依據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出推斷；假如該句供應的是正確信息，請選擇A；假如該句供應的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；假如該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。Europa’sWateryUnderworldEuropa,oneofJupiter’s63knownmoons,looksbrightandicyonthesurface.Butappearancescanbedeceiving:Mileswithinitscracked,frigidshell,Europaprobablyhidesgiantpoolsofliquidwater.

Wherescientistsfindliquidwater,theyhopetofindlifeaswell.Sincewecan’tgodivingintoEuropa’sdepthsjustyet,scientistsinsteadhavetoinvestigatethemoon’ssurfaceforcluestowhatliesbeneath.Inanewstudy,scientistsinvestigatedonegroupofstrangeicepatternsonEuropaandconcludedthattheformationsmarkthetopofanundergroundpoolthatholdsasmuchwaterastheU.S.GreatLakes.PicturesofEuropa,whichisslightlysmallerthanEarth’smoon,clearlyshowatangled(錯綜困難的),icymishmash（混合物）oflinesandcracksknownas“chaosterrains.（混亂地形）”ThesechaoticplacescovermorethanhalfofEuropa.Formorethan10years,scientistshavewonderedwhatcausestheformations.Thenewstudysuggeststhattheyarisefromthemixingofvastundergroundstoresofliquidwaterwithicymaterialnearthesurface.ForscientistswhosuspectthatEuropaalsomaybehidinglifebeneathitsicysurface,thenewsaboutthenewlakeisexciting.“Itwouldbegreatiftheselakesharboredlife,”BritneySchmidt,aplanetaryscientistwhoworkedonthestudy,toldScienceNews.“Buteveniftheydidn’t,theysaythatEuropaisdoingsomethinginterestingandactiverightnow.”Schmidt,ascientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,andhercolleagueswantedtoknowhowchaosterrainsform.Sincetheycouldn’trockettoEuropatoseeforthemselves,theysearchedforsimilarformationshereonEarth.TheystudiedcollapsediceshelvesinAntarcticaandicycapsonvolcanoesinIceland.ThosefeaturesonEarthformedwhenliquidwatermixedwithice.ThescientistsnowsuspectsomethingsimilarmightbehappeningonEuropa:thataswaterandiceofdifferenttemperaturesmingleandshift,thesurfacefractures.Thiswouldexplainthejumbled（混亂的）icesculptures.“Fracturingcatastrophically（災難性的）disruptstheiceinthesamewaythatitcausesiceshelvestocollapseonEarth,”SchmidttoldScienceNews.SheandherteamfoundthattheprocesscouldbecausingchaosterrainstoformquicklyonEuropa.Thenewstudysuggeststhatonthismoon,elementssuchasoxygenfromthesurfaceblendwiththedeepbodiesofwater.Thatmixturemaycreateanenvironmentthatsupportslife.16.TheliquidwaterofanundergroundpoolofEuropaisestimatedxxxxxoftheUSGreatlakes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention17.ThestrangeicepatternsonEuropaareformedasaresultofaxxxxxundergroundwaterpool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention18.EuropaisthemostrecentlydiscoveredoneamongJupiter’sA.RightB.WrongC.Notmention19.ThesizeofEuropaisabitlargerthanthatofEarth’smoon.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention20.SchmidtandhercolleaguesarethefirstgroupofscientistsxxxxxEuropa.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmention21.TheformationsonEuropa’ssurfaceareratheruniqueintheA.RightB.WrongC.Notmention22.Theexistenceofliquidwaterisanecessityforalife-supportA.RightB.WrongC.Notmention【答案】：ABCBBBA第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標題；（2）第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性氣體)1.Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium.Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2.Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases.TheywerealsoclusteredunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalenceelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3.Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular（分子的）weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4.Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshave“valence”electrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseoftheinherentlowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.5.Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinrecreation,medicineandindustries.Forinstance,LiquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets（磁體）.Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.23.Paragraph224.Paragraph325.Paragraph426.Paragraph5【答案】：ECDA選項：A.Whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?B.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?C.Whatarenoblegases?D.Whatcausethelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?E.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?F.Whatistheperiodictable?27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically______.28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe____.29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases`outershellis_____.30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient______.【答案】：FCBA選項：A.unnecessaryB.completeC.lightestD.importantE.flammableF.reactive

第四部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇SmallButWiseOnDecember14，NASAblastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace．ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan．Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou：WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera，anditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjectsintheknownuniverse，includingasteroids，faintstars，blazinggalaxiesandgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn．“I'mveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven'tseenbefore，”saidNedWright，ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject．Sincearrivinginspace，theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth，heldbygravityinapolarorbit(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap)．Itscameraispointedoutward，awayfromtheEarth，andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes．Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky．ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs，however．WISEstandsfor“Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer．”Asitsnamesuggests，theWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation．Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave．Visiblelight，includingthefamiliarspectrumoflightthatbecomesvisibleinarainbow，isanexampleofradiation．Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatree，forexample，itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree．Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens，they'reprocessedbythecamera，whichthenputstheimagetogether．Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight，soordinarydigitalcamerasdon'tseethem，andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings．Althoughinvisibletotheeye，longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin．That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight．Asteroids，forexample，aregiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem．Theydon'treflectlight，sothey'redifficulttosee．Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation，soaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem．DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids．Browndwarfsareanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE'spictures．Theseobjectsare“failed”stars-whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstartthesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun．Instead，browndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown．They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelight，butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow．31.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?A.Itisassmallasatrashcan．C.Neverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace．B.Itissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera．D.Itsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace．32.ThecameraonWISEA.producesimagesofobjectsgivingoffinfraredradiation.B.isequippedwithexpensivecomputersC.reflectslightvisibletothehumaneyeD.issimilartoanordinarydigitalcamera33.ItistruethatinfraredradiationA.isnotdetectabletohumanB.looksbrightthanvisiblelightC.isvisiblelightreflectedoffanobjectD.haslongerwavesthatthoseofvisiblelight34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutasteroidisNOTtrue?A.TheWISEtelescopecantakepicturesofasteroids.B.Theydonotreflectlightthatreachesthem．C.Theyareinvisibletoordinarycamera．D.Theyfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight．35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatbrowndwarfs?A.arepowerstarslikethesun.B.giveoffvisiblelight．C.becomemassiveandactive．D.areinvisibletotheWISEtelescope．【答案】：DADDB其次篇DownloadKnowledgeDirectlytoYourBrain

Forthefirsttime,researchershavebeenabletohackintotheprocessoflearninginthebrain,usinginducedbrainpatternstocreatealearnedbehavior.It’snotquiteasadvancedasaninstantkung-fudownload,andit’snotassleekascognitiveinception,butit’sstillanimportantfindingthatcouldleadtonewteachingandrehabilitationtechniques.

Futuretherapiescoulddecodethebrainactivitypatternsofanathleteoramusician,andusethemasabenchmarkforteachinganotherpersonanewactivity,accordingtotheresearchers.

ScientistsfromBostonUniversityandATRComputationalNeuroscienceLaboratoriesinKyotousedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging,orfMRI,tostudythelearningprocess.Theywereexaminingtheadultbrain’saptitudeforvisualperceptuallearning,orVPL,inwhichrepetitivetrainingimprovesaperson’sperformanceonaparticulartask.Whetheradultscandothisaswellasyoungpeoplehasbeenanongoingdebateinneuroscience.

LedbyBUneuroscientistTakeoWatanabe,researchersusedamethodcalleddecodedfMRIneurofeedbacktostimulatethevisualcortex.Firsttheyshowedparticipantscirclesatdifferentorientations.ThentheyusedfMRItowatchtheparticipants’brainactivity.Theresearcherswerethenabletotraintheparticipantstorecreatethisvisualcortexactivity.

ThevolunteerswereagainplacedinMRImachinesandaskedtovisualizeshapesofcertaincolors.Theparticipantswereaskedto“somehowregulateactivityintheposteriorpartofthebrain”tomakeasolidgreendiscaslargeastheycould.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetapaidbonusproportionaltothesizeofthisdisc,buttheyweren’ttoldanythingaboutwhatthediscmeant.Theresearcherswatchedtheparticipants’brainactivityandmonitoredtheactivationpatternsintheirvisualcortices.

“Participantscanbetrainedtocontroltheoverallmeanactivationofanentirebrainregion,”thestudyauthorswrite,“ortheactivationinoneregionrelativetothatinanotherregion.”

Thisworkedevenwhentestsubjectswerenotawareofwhattheywerelearning,theresearcherssaid.

“Themostsurprisingthinginthisstudyisthatmereinductionsofneuralactivationpatternscorrespondingtoaspecificvisualfeatureledtovisualperformanceimprovementonthevisualfeature,withoutpresentingthefeatureorsubjects'awarenessofwhatwastobelearned,”Watanabesaidinastatement.

Watanabeandcolleaguessaidthismethodcanbeapowerfultool.

“Itcan‘incept’apersontoacquirenewlearning,skills,ormemory,orpossiblytorestoreskillsorknowledgethathasbeendamagedthroughaccident,disease,oraging,withoutaperson’sawarenessofwhatislearnedormemorized,”theywrite.36.Whathaveresearchersbeenabletodowiththehelpofthestudy?A.makeapersonknowhowtodosomethingwithoutlearningB.setupdifferentlearningpatternsfordifferentpeopleC.EnablepeopletolearnkungfuinstantlyD.Discoveraperson’slearningprocessinthebrain37.Whathelpsapersontodoaparticulartaskbetterinvisualperceptuallearning?A.Testing.B.Encouragement.C.Repetition.D.self-assessment.38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheexperimentparticipants?A.Theywerenottoldwhattobelearnedintheexperiment.B.TheylearnedhowtocontrolMRLmachinesintheexperiment.C.Theywerepaidtotakepartintheexperiment.D.Theywerenotcooperativeintheexperiment.39.ThefindingofthestudyismostsignificantinthatlearningA.isfulloffunB.isvisualizedC.becomesunnecessaryD.happensunconsciously40.Whoaremostlikelytobenefitfromthestability?A.seniorpeopleB.teenagerC.musiciansD.Athletes【答案】：DCBBA第三篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist（佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct（GNP）。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness（GNH）。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally，peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood，stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Twenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.41.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.42.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.45.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.【答案】：DDACD第5部分：補全短文（第46～50題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以復原文章面貌。TheMysteriesofNazcaInthedesertofPeru,300kilometersfromLima,oneofthemostunusualartworksintheworldhasmystified(迷惑)peoplefordecades.(46)Butfromhighabove,thesemarksarehugeimagesofbirds,fish,seashells,allbeautifullycarvedintotheearth.TheNazcalinesaresodifficulttoseefromthegroundthattheyweren’tdiscovereduntilthe1930s,whenpilotsspottedthemwhileflyingoverthearea.Inall,thereareabout70differenthumanandanimalfiguresontheplain,alongwith900triangles,circles,andlines.Researchershavefiguredoutthatthelinesareatleast1,500yearsold,buttheirpurposeisstillamystery.(47)However,itwouldprobablybeverytrickytoxxxxx（單詞暫不明）andaspaceshipinthemiddleofpicturesofdogsandmonkeys.Inthe1940s,anAmericanexplorernamedPaulKosoksuggestedthatthedrawingsareachronicle(記錄)ofthemovementofthestarsandplanets.(48)xxxxxanastronomertestedhistheorywithacomputer,buthecouldn’tfindanyrelationbetweenthelinesandmovementsinspace.Anotherexplanationisthatthelinesmayhavebeenmadeforreligiousreasons.xxxxxresearcherTonyMorrisoninvestigatedthecustomsofpeopleintheAndesxxxxxandlearnedthattheysometimespraybythesideoftheroad.It’spossiblethatxxxxx,thelinesofNazcawerecreatedforasimilarpurpose.(49)Butxxxxxpeoplehaveneverconstructedanythingthisbig.Recently,twootherscientists,DavidJohnsonandSteveMabee,havespeculatedxxxxxlinescouldhavebeenrelatedtowater.Nazcaisoneofthedriestplacesinthexxxxxreceivesonly2cmofraineveryyear.WhileJohnsonwassearchingforxxxxxwatersourcesinthearea,henoticedthatsomewaterwaysbuiltancientxxxxxwereconnectedwiththelines.JohnsonbelievesthattheNazcalinesareagiantxxxxxundergroundwaterinthearea.(50)A.Otherscientistsarenowsearchingforevidencetoprovethis.B.ASwisswriternamedErichVonDanikenwrotethattheNazcalinesweredesignedasalandingplaceforUFOs.C.Scholarsdifferininterpretingthepurposeofthedesigns.D.Thelargestpicturesmayhavebeenthesitesforspecialceremonies.E.Seenfromtheground,itlookslikelinesscratchedintotheearth.F.HecalledNazca“thelargestastronomybookintheworld”.46～50題【答案】：EBFDA

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。SolarPowerwithoutSolarCellsAdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichiganresearcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells.Theresearchersfoundawaytomakean"optical______(51),"saidStephenRand,aprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,PhysicsandAppliedPhysics.Lighthaselectricandmagnetic______(52).Untilnow,scientiststhoughttheeffectsofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe______(53).WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensity,whenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot______(54)electricity,thelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstances,themagneticeffectsdevelopstrength______(55)toastrongelectriceffect."Thiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparation,"Randsaid."Insolarcells,the______(56)goesintoamaterial,getsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Here,wee