突破05 形容詞與副詞-2023年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)語法知識(shí)專項(xiàng)突破

中考英語復(fù)習(xí)語法知識(shí)專項(xiàng)突破(通用版)05形容詞與副詞【知識(shí)突破】一、形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。1.形容詞的句法作用：作句子中名詞的定語、句子的表語以及賓語補(bǔ)足語。2.形容詞在句子中的位置：（1）作定語時(shí)放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如：abigyellowwoodenwheel(一個(gè)黃色的大木輪)（2）作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。如：Thepricesoundsreasonable.(這個(gè)價(jià)格聽起來算是合理)（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)放在賓語之后。如：Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)（4）后置的情況：①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。如：Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)②與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時(shí)形容詞后置。如：He’s1.8metrestall.(他身高1.8米。)Themoonisabout380,000kilometresawayfromtheearth.(月球離地38萬公里)3.有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：⑴whole與all：記住兩個(gè)詞序：①thewhole+名詞；②all(of)the+名詞。如：Hewasbusythewholemorning.(整個(gè)早晨他都很忙)/Hecanrememberallthewordshelearns.(他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞)⑵tall與high,short與low：指人的個(gè)子時(shí)用tall與short；指其他事物時(shí)一般用high與low。如：He’sverytall/short.(他個(gè)子高/矮)/Talltreesarestandingonbothsidesofthatavenue.(大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木)/Afewpeopleliveonhighmountains.(少量的人住在高山上)⑶real與true：real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”；而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”。如：Thisisarealdiamond(鉆石)andit’sveryexpensive.(這是貨真價(jià)實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴)/—Isthattrue?—Yes.Ihearditwithmyownears.(那真實(shí)嗎？是的,我親耳所聽)⑷interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對(duì)別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：Themanisveryinterestingandallthechildrenlikehim.(這個(gè)人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/Thisbookisinterestingandyoucanreallyenjoyyourself.(這本書很有趣,你會(huì)真正獲得享受)/Iaminterestedinscience.(我對(duì)自然科學(xué)感興趣)⑸such用法：such+a(n)+名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如：Ihaveneverseensuchafoolish(愚蠢的)boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩)/Hehadsuchaterribleaccidentthathecouldneverforgetit.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記)⑹good與well：表示“好”時(shí),作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示“(身體)好”時(shí)用well.如：Doingsportsisgoodforus.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)我們有益)/Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上)/--Howareyou?—Iamverywell.(你好嗎？我很好。)⑺nice與fine：的區(qū)別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等；fine一般指身體或天氣好。如：Let’sgoandshare(分享)thenicecake.(我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧)/Sheisanicegirl.(他是個(gè)漂亮的姑娘)/Whatafineday!(多好的天氣！)/He’sfinerecently(最近).(近來他身體不錯(cuò))⑻toomuch與muchtoo：toomuch表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；muchtoo表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：IamfullbecauseIhavehadtoomuchrice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪?/Thatcoatismuchtoodear.(那件大衣太貴了)⑼quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快,而soon則表示時(shí)間上很快即將發(fā)生。如：Afteraquickbreakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家)/Atrainismuchfasterthanabus.(火車比公共汽車快得多)/HisfatherwillbebacktoChinaverysoon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)⑽lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動(dòng)的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語；alone的意思是：“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如：Helivesalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.(他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú))/Heisalonelyperson.Youcannoteasilygetonwellwithhim.(他是個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易)⑾other與else的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞都可以作形容詞,但是用法不同,other放在名詞前；else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,orelse表示“否則”,是連詞。如：Theotherstudentsareontheplayground.(其他學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上)/Whoelsecanworkoutthismathsproblem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題？)/Thisisnobodyelse’smoney.It’smine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。)/Doyouhaveanythingelsetosayforyourself?(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎？⑿special與especial的區(qū)別：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時(shí),兩個(gè)詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如：Shepays(e)specialattentiontoclothes.(她非常注重著裝)/Thesearespecialchairsforsmallchildren.(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)⒀gone、lost、missing的區(qū)別：gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語或賓補(bǔ),不可以作定語；lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)；missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)。如：Myfever(高燒)isgone,butIstillhaveacough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽)/Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子)/Mydictionaryismissing.Who’stakenitaway?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了？)/Formoredetailedinformation(詳情)ofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitourwebsite(網(wǎng)址).(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問我們的網(wǎng)站)⒁living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別：四個(gè)詞都來源于動(dòng)詞live“生活、居住”。living讀[‘liviN]有三個(gè)意思：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語或定語,②“一模一樣的、逼真的”,③相當(dāng)于lively,意思是“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”；live讀[laiv],指東西“活的”,可以替換為living；alive讀[[‘laiv]作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面；lively讀[‘laivli]有三個(gè)意思：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動(dòng)的、真實(shí)的。例如：Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally(口頭上).(活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動(dòng)句)/Wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed.(我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你能成功)/Isshestillalive?(她還活著嗎？)/Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.(他們是活著的最開心的孩子)/Thisisalivefish.(這是條活魚)/Alivewire(電線)isdangerous.(有電的電線是危險(xiǎn)的)/Sheisaslivelyasakitten(小貓).(她像小貓一樣可愛)/Hegavealivelydescriptionofthefootballmatch.(他生動(dòng)地描述了那場(chǎng)足球賽)⒂sick與ill區(qū)別：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。如：Hehasbeenill/sickforalongtimeandheisveryweaknow.(他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱)/Vetshelptreatsickpetsandmostofthepets’ownerslikethem.(獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)⒃thepoor(窮人們)/therich(富人們)等用法：“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。如：Wemusttryourbesttohelpthepoor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們)/Therichneverknowhowthepoorareliving.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)二、副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。1.副詞的分類：(見下表)時(shí)間副詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today,tomorrow,once,here,there,very,too,well,how,too,also,yesterday,now,twice,home,below,enough,hard,where,nor,so,then,early,late,always,anywhere,rather,quite,alone,when,as,on,off,once,soon,just,usually,above,outside,how,so,fast,why,either,tonight,long,often,in,inside,out,much,just,together,whetheryes,no,already,yet,before,sometimes,back,up,down,nearly,onlysuddenly,however,etc.not,neitherago,later,eversincenever,away,off,far,almost,hardly,-ly結(jié)尾關(guān)系副詞maybe,after,whenever(seldom),near,nearby,aslongas等,的副詞where,perhaps,first,someday,ever,wherevereven,all,why,howcertainly,sometime,last,everywhere,alittle,abitwhen,2.副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：⑴作狀語：①時(shí)間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動(dòng)詞的前面。如：WewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城)/TheyhavealreadybeentotheUKtwice.(他們?nèi)ミ^英王國兩次)/Soonthelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)②頻度副詞：一般放在be動(dòng)詞之后或者助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。如：SometimesIgetupearly.(我有時(shí)起得早)/Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯)/Takethismedicinetwiceaday.(這種藥一天吃兩次)③方式副詞：一般放在行為動(dòng)之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動(dòng)詞之前。如：Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快)/Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光)④地點(diǎn)副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個(gè)方向流動(dòng))/Thefrightenedwolfranaway.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/Hewalkedoutquietlyandturnedbacksoon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)⑤程度副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯?/ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)/Shegottothestationearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)⑥疑問副詞：用于對(duì)句子的狀語進(jìn)行提問,位置總是在句首。如：Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何時(shí)何地出生？)/WhydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上？)/Howdoyoudo?(你好！)⑦連接副詞：用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個(gè)問題)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)/Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)⑧關(guān)系副詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.(請(qǐng)告訴我你的英語是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)⑨其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在動(dòng)詞前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前；on/off“開/關(guān)”放在動(dòng)詞之后；not放在be之后、助動(dòng)詞之后、不定式或動(dòng)名詞之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或動(dòng)詞之前。如：HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了)/Maybeyourticketisinyourinsidepocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里)/--Tomdoesn’thaveacomputer.–NordoI.(湯姆沒有計(jì)算機(jī),我也沒有。)(2)作表語：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說明人物所處的位置。如：I’mverysorryheisn’tinatthemoment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownfornearly20years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了)/Jimisoverthere.(吉姆就在那邊)(3)作定語：時(shí)間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點(diǎn)副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面。如：Peoplenowoftenhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴)/Womentherewerelivingaterriblelifeinthe1920s.(在二十世紀(jì)20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Putyourdirtysocksaway,Jim!Theyaregivingoutbadsmell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開！它們?cè)谏l(fā)著臭氣。)/Fatherkepthiminanddoinghislessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))[注意]“動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：Hewrotedowntheword.(他寫下了那個(gè)詞。)→Hewroteitdown.(他把它寫了下來。)3.有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：⑴as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：assoonas…(一旦……就……),aswellas…(同樣),as+形容詞/副詞+aspossible(盡可能……地)。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.(請(qǐng)你一到北京就給我寫信。)/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。)[注釋]“aslong/muchas+名詞”可以表示“長達(dá)/多達(dá)…”的含義。如：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花費(fèi)高達(dá)50萬元。)/Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達(dá)兩周。)⑵later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時(shí)間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時(shí)態(tài)。②“after/before+某個(gè)時(shí)刻”分別表示“在某時(shí)刻之后/之前”,此時(shí)兩個(gè)詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去時(shí),before用于完成時(shí)。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.(一周前出了一個(gè)事故)/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(數(shù)年后這個(gè)男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/Haveyoubeentherebefore?(你從前到過那兒?jiǎn)幔?/Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)⑶above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.(星星高掛在空中)/Aplaneflewoverquickly.(一架飛機(jī)從頭頂飛過。)當(dāng)above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時(shí),意義相似。⑷too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號(hào)隔開；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動(dòng)詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號(hào)隔開；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/Hedidn’twatchthefootballgame.NordidI.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個(gè)市場(chǎng)很好。)⑸enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法：enough(“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后；too(“太”)、very(“非?！?、quite(“相當(dāng)”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,verymuch(“非?！?放在動(dòng)詞之后。如：It’stoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當(dāng)貴。)/Idon’tlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜歡糖果)[注意]very與much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)；much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動(dòng)詞,very不可以。如：Heisverystupid.(他很笨)/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.(電影非常動(dòng)人,大家都哭了)/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力,不然你考不進(jìn)那所好學(xué)校)/Idon’tlikehimmuch.(我不太喜歡他)⑹sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有時(shí))用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、sometime(在將來某時(shí))用于將來時(shí)、sometimes(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、sometime(一些時(shí)間)表示一段時(shí)間。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.(他們有時(shí)徒步旅行到山里去)/Iwillstayheresometime.(我會(huì)在這兒呆些時(shí)候的。)/Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.(我什么時(shí)候要見見你的父親。)⑺how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對(duì)句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí)用how,對(duì)人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進(jìn)行感嘆用what.如：Whatafineday(itis)today!(今天天氣真好！)/Howdifficult(theproblemis)!((問題)真難呀！)⑻already、yet的用法：在完成時(shí)中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已經(jīng)做好了？)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)⑼hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用。如：TheystudyEnglishveryhard.(他們英語學(xué)得很刻苦)/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共場(chǎng)所你幾乎看不到一個(gè)人隨地吐痰)⑽like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個(gè)短語分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜歡棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.⑾“quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記?。孩賟uite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞=a+rather+形容詞+名詞。如：Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy(家伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家伙)/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.(這真是散步的好日子)⑿how的幾個(gè)短語：howoften“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)表示頻度的詞語進(jìn)行提問；howsoon“多久以后”,用于將來時(shí)態(tài)；howlong“多久”,用于過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)；howmanytimes“多少次”,用于過去時(shí)或完成時(shí),對(duì)總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問；howmuch“多么,多少”,對(duì)程度進(jìn)行提問,也可以對(duì)數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進(jìn)行提問。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了？)/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)⒀much、more與most的用法：這三個(gè)詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級(jí)形/副,more表示“更”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級(jí),most表示“最”用來構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級(jí)。此外,much也可以修飾比較級(jí)形/副。如：Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.(這個(gè)公園比那個(gè)漂亮多了)/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(這是我看過的最有教育意義的電影)⒁nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法：表示時(shí)間,可以用nolonger、not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前；表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidn’tsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽煙)⒂被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語動(dòng)詞之間。如：Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員受了重傷)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)⒃too...to...與so...that...的問題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動(dòng)詞,that后面跟從句。too...to...(“太.……以致不……”)是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡(jiǎn)單句；so...that...(“如此…以致…”)是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.(他這么強(qiáng)壯,搬得動(dòng)那個(gè)重箱子。)⒄既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：Itwasalongholiday.(那是個(gè)長假)/Hestayedthereverylong.(他在那兒呆了好久)/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就會(huì)找到辦法)/Heisaveryhard(難對(duì)付的)person.(他是個(gè)難玩的家伙)⒅farther與further的用法區(qū)別：表示地點(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí)兩個(gè)詞同義,意思為“更遠(yuǎn)、較遠(yuǎn)”,但是further還表示“更多、進(jìn)一步、額外”等意思,此時(shí)不能換為farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他們決定第二天走得再遠(yuǎn)些)/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(這個(gè)問題還要進(jìn)一步討論)/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他們每個(gè)人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進(jìn)修)⒆rather與quite的用法區(qū)別：同very一樣,兩個(gè)詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比預(yù)料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意思。見下圖對(duì)“nice”程度的描繪：notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice如：It’squiteanicefilm.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味著不是一部最好的電影)/It’sratheranicefilm.(這是部很不錯(cuò)的電影。)(意味著比大多數(shù)電影都好)[注意]注意quite與rather后面的次序詞序。⒇maybe、possibly、perhaps的區(qū)別：maybe“可能、也許”,比另外兩個(gè)詞更不正式、更隨便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也許”,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問句中表示“無論如何”；perhaps“可能”,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊)/Icouldn’tpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashorttime.(我不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這么長的一本書)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件)(21)most、mostly的區(qū)別：most作為形容詞和名詞時(shí)意思是“大多數(shù)的、大部分的”,作為副詞時(shí)意思為“最,十分、很”；mostly僅為副詞,意思為“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空時(shí)大部分時(shí)間都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(這是電影中最令人興奮的部分)/SheismostlyoutonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)(22)(be)worth、(be)worthyof的區(qū)別：worth一般被看作是介詞,后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義,還可以用副詞well修飾；worthyof表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。如：Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)./Thehouseisworth￥300,000.(房子價(jià)值30萬元)/Thisbookiswellworthreadingseveraltimes.(這本書值得好好讀幾遍)/Itisathingworthyofbeingseen.(這是一個(gè)值得看的東西)(23)almost、nearly的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞意思相近,都表示“幾乎、將近”,大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,與否定詞連用時(shí)用almost不用nearly.almostno相當(dāng)于hardlyany(幾乎沒有)。如：Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.(他今天幾乎沒有干什么)/Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我們幾乎就到那里了)/Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(幾乎沒有人懂他的話)(24)abit與alittle的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)名詞短語經(jīng)常當(dāng)作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí),可以互換,語氣比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(這臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)有點(diǎn)貴)/Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點(diǎn))另外,alittle可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞,abit則采用“abit+of+名詞(不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))”的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有點(diǎn)感冒)/Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(請(qǐng)你去給我搞點(diǎn)水來)[注意]notabit(=notatall)意為“根本不”,而notalittle則意為“非常,不是一點(diǎn)”。三、形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1.分類：形容詞和副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三級(jí)。原級(jí)變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2.規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。a)直接加er,est：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more/most.3.不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4.形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)?；揪湫褪牵褐髡Z(sb./sth)+謂語動(dòng)詞+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+…如：Heisveryoldnow.(他現(xiàn)在很老了)/Theyranquitefast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)/Theweatherlooksratherbad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟)/Iamsohappy!(我是如此的快樂)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時(shí),使用句型：主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/Lilyrodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多)☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型：主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞(否定式)+as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如：Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮)/Lilydidnotrideherbikeso/asslowlyasanoldlady.(莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢)/Theydidn’tpickso/asmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).(他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2)講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物超過第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。基本句型：主語(‘A’)+謂語動(dòng)詞+(much/alittle/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+第二個(gè)人物(‘B’)+….如：Amoderntrainismuchfasterthanacar.(現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了)/Thisbookdidn’tcostmemorethanthatone.(這本書花費(fèi)我的錢不比那本多)講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物不及第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。句型是：主語(‘A’)+謂語動(dòng)詞+less+(多音節(jié)形/副)比較級(jí)+than+第二個(gè)人物(‘B’)+….如：IthinkEnglishislessdifficultthanmaths.(我認(rèn)為英語不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/Doyouthinkitlessimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。句型是：主語(sb./sth)+謂語動(dòng)詞+(the)+形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)+in/of….如：TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.(長江是中國最長的河流)/Hejumped(the)highestofthethree(boys).(三個(gè)男生中他跳得最高)四、關(guān)于比較等級(jí)的重要提示1.以上六個(gè)句型中,如果動(dòng)詞是及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面用副詞；如果后面是連系動(dòng)詞,則后面用形容詞。如：Thiscaristhefastestofthefour.(形容詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中最快的)/Thiscarruns(the)fastestofthefour.(副詞)(這輛汽車是四輛之中跑得最快的)2.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。如：Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(天越來越溫暖了)3.“the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…就越…”。如：Themoretreesweplant,thebetteritwillbe.(我們?cè)缘臉湓蕉?情況就會(huì)越好)/Theharderyoutry,thegreateryourprogressis.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大)4.一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/any/no/one/two/many/several/alot等詞。如：Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/Hedidnoteatanymore.(他沒有再吃)5.morethan/lessthan分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,morethan=over;lessthan=under.如：IlivedinNewYorkformorethanfourmonths.(我在紐約生活了四個(gè)多月)6.“oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個(gè)短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：Oneoftheoldesthouseshasbeenburntinafire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場(chǎng)大火中被燒毀了)7.“Which/Who+動(dòng)詞+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用比較級(jí),如果有三個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用最高級(jí)。如：Whohasmorebooks,LinTaoorHanMei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/Whichistheheaviest,apig,ahorseoranelephant?(豬、馬、象哪個(gè)最重？)8.上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個(gè)事物的詞時(shí),用比較級(jí),而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/noone/every等表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物時(shí),用最高級(jí)。如：--Doyoulikethesmallerone?—Neither.(小一點(diǎn)的那個(gè)你喜歡嗎？一個(gè)都不喜歡)/--Whichdoyoulikebest?–Allofthem!(你最喜歡哪個(gè)？全部。)【能力過關(guān)】一、形容詞專練1.Thefishyouboughtyesterdaysmells________.You’dbetterthrowitaway.A.good B.bad C.well D.badly2.Tom________hisroomeveryday,sohisroomisvery________.A.clean;clean B.cleans;cleans C.clean;cleans D.cleans;clean3.Yournewshirtlooks________with________pinktrousers.A.well,that B.good,those C.good,that D.well,those4.Mikelooks___________thanPaul,buttheyareofthesameage.A.youngest B.theyoungest C.younger D.veryyoung5.JerryisaCEOofafamouscompany.Heismuch_________thananyotherpeople.A.busy B.busier C.thebusiest D.morebusy6.—Whatcoloristhepanda?—Itis_____.A.black B.white C.blackandwhite D.ablackandwhite7.Look!The________babylookssohappy.A.sleep B.tosleep C.sleeping D.sleepy8.—I’mfine,thankyou.(同義替換)—________.A.OK B.hi C.hello D.CCTV9.Qomolangmais________thananyothermountain.Ihopetoclimbitoneday.A.high B.higher C.highest D.thehighest10.—HaveyouheardthesongStayHereForever?—Yes.Itsounds_______.A.well B.loudly C.sweet D.beautifully11.Todayismuch________thanyesterday.Nice!A.cool B.cooler C.coolest D.thecoolest12.ThepopulationofChinaismuchthanthatofEngland.A.larger B.largest C.more D.large13.Annaisn’t________.Look!HerCDsareeverywhere.A.kind B.tidy C.fine D.welcome14.Ms.Greenhasandaughter.A.8-year-old B.8yearolds C.8-years-old D.8yearsolds15.—Whatisinthebox?

—ItisLucy’s________.A.whitenewskirt B.newredshoes C.newyellowcoat D.bluenewhat16.Theboyis________thanme.A.theshortest B.short C.shorter17.-Whichcountryhaspopulation，Japan，IndiaorChina?-Japan，ofcourse.A.small B.smaller C.smallest D.thesmallest18.________youare,________mistakesyou’llmake.A.Themorecarefully;thelessB.Themorecareful;thefewerC.Themorecareful;thelessD.Themorecarefully;thefewer19.—Doesmyquestionsound________enough?—Idon’tthinkso.Youcanaskmore________byusing“could”insteadof“can”.A.politely;politely B.politely;polite C.polite;politely D.polite;polite20.—Isyourhairas________asMary’s?—No,itisn’t.Hersis________thanmine.A.long;long B.longer;long C.long;longer21.—Istheredsweater________thanthepurpleone?—Yes.Theredsweateriselevendollars,andthepurpleoneissixteendollars.A.cheapest B.cheaper C.mostexpensive22.—Whatistheworld’s________mountain?—MountQomolangma.A.lower B.lowest C.higher D.highest23.—I’mproudofEzhou,ourhomeland.—SoamI.Itisbecoming________.A.moreandmorebeautifully B.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautifullyandbeautifully24.Mymotherisalways________mebecauseIcan’tlookaftermyself.A.worry B.worryabout C.worried D.worriedabout25.—ZhouFang,canyoufinishyourhomeworkbetterwith_______time?—IthinkIcan.A.few B.fewer C.little D.less26.The________documentarydescribes________inthefuture.A.twohours’;howSuzhouwillbelikeB.two-hours;whatSuzhouwillbelikeC.two-hour;howSuzhouwillbeD.twohour’s;whatSuzhouwillbelike27.LiLeiisas________ashisfather.A.funnyandoutgoing B.morefunnierandoutgoing C.funnierandmoreoutgoing D.morefunnyandoutgoing28.—Tomisa________boy.—Yes,healwayshasmanynewideas.A.friendly B.funny C.serious D.creative29.—China’sbirthrate(比率)droppedto7.52birthsper1,000peoplein2021.—Yes.Thatisthe________since1949.A.highest B.lowest C.biggest30.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheband’sperformance?

---Itcouldbe______.Ithinkthey’refeelingverynervous.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse31.—Whatcoloristheorange?—It’s________.A.anorange B.orange C.theorange D.aorange32.—Doesthedishtasteas___________asitlooks?

—Yes.Ican’twaittoeatit.A.well B.good C.better D.best33.—SuperbrainisahitTVshowrecently.Whichcompetitordoyoulikebest?—IthinkZhaoJinhaoisoneof______competitorsamongthem.A.smart B.smarter C.smartest D.thesmartest34.MountTaiisoneof________mountainsinChina.Manypeoplevisititeveryyear.A.famous B.morefamous C.mostfamous D.themostfamous35.—Howarethefarmersinyourhometown?—Theyarebecoming________.A.moreandmorericher B.richerandricher C.morerichandmorerich36.DonaldTrumpisfunnierthan________intheworld.A.anypresident B.theotherpresidents C.anyotherpresidents D.otherpresidents37.Theideadoesn’tsoundso_________tome.A.well B.happily C.exciting D.excited38.—Lucyisareally________girl.—Yes.Shegetsagoodjobinabigcompany(公司).A.luck B.lucky C.unlucky D.luckily39.Whichscarfis________,thisoneorthatone?A.well B.good C.better D.best40.Mymotherishard-working.shedoesformyfamily,shefeels.A.More;happierB.Themuch;thehappyC.Themore;thehappierD.Themost;thehappiest41.Wealllikemusicbecauseit’s________.A.boring B.relaxing C.difficult D.busy42.Weoftenexercisetokeep________.A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.unhealthy43.Thereis________bridgeoverthebigriverinthecity.A.a800-meters-long B.an800-meter-longC.a800-meter-long D.an800-metres-long44.—Thefilmsareallwonderful.Ican’tdecidewhichonetochoose.—WhynotseeMyMotherlandandMe?Ithinkit’s________ofall.A.educational B.themosteducational C.moreeducational D.mosteducational45.—Ican’tbelieveit.Tonyhasinventedatree-plantingmachine.—Really?Heisso

_____.A.shy B.rude C.creative D.friendly46.Wewillhavea________holidayaftertheentranceexaminationforseniorhighschool.A.twomonths B.two-month C.two-months47.Mylittlebrotheris________toplaybasketball.A.enoughtall B.tallenough C.shortenough D.enoughshort48.Sheisthreeyears________thanIam.A.old B.oldest C.older D.muchold49.Taking_______exerciseandeating____foodcanmakeyoukeepthin.A.more;less B.more;more C.less;more D.less;less50.ThoughBruceisonlya________boy,hecanhelphisparentsdohousework.A.fiveyearsold B.five-years-old C.five-year-old51.Thebosswantstokeephisshop______foranotherthreehours.A.toopen B.opened C.open D.opens52.Thenewplanisnotperfect,butit’s________betterthantheoldone.A.more B.less C.much53.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemusic?—Itsounds________becausetheboyplaystheviolinso________.A.good;good B.well;well C.nice;good

Dgreat;well54.She’s_______attheresult.A.surprise B.surprising C.tosurprise D.surprised55.Studentsfindthatonlineclassesareas_______astraditionalones.A.helpful B.morehelpful C.themosthelpful D.mosthelpful56.—Areyouas________asMr.Huang,Mary?—Sure.Andwearegoodfriends.A.friendlier B.friendliest C.friendly D.muchfriendlier57.Ofthetwomathproblems,Icanjustworkout_________one.A.thelessdifficult B.moredifficult C.themoredifficult D.lessdifficult58.Lucydidn’tmakeanymistakesinthemathexam.Sheis________thananyotherstudent.A.themostcareful B.morecareless C.morecareful D.muchcareful59.—Youhavemadegreatprogressonyourstudy.—Thankyou.Ibelieve________youwork,thebettergradesyouwillget.A.themorecareless B.themorecareful C.theworse D.theharder60.ThenumberofthefactoriesinTongshanAreaisgetting________andmoreandmorepeoplecometoworkhere.A.lessandless B.fewerandfewerC.largerandlarger D.smallerandsmaller61.________studentswenttotheuniversitytolistentothe________speech.A.Hundredof;120-minutes B.Hundredsof;120-minutesC.Twohundred;120-minutes D.Twohundred;120-minute62.Mybrotherisa________player.Hecanplaybasketballvery.A.good;good B.good;well C.well;good D.well;well63.Sellingthingsthroughlivestreaming(直播)onlineisbecoming________.A.aspopularas B.lesspopularC.sopopularas D.moreandmorepopular64.—Hello!ThisisHuizhouHotel.CanIhelpyou?—Iwanttospendthisweekendinyourtown.Doyouhavearoom________forthisSaturday?A.available B.useful C.empty D.possible65.—Whichteamwillwinthebasketballmatch,theLakersortheRockets?—TheLakers,Ithink.Becauseitis________ofthetwoteams.A.stronger B.strong C.thestrongest D.thestronger