2023中考語法講解與練習14-主謂一致

2023中考語法講解與練習14——主謂一致英語語法是英語的重要部分，在中考的選擇題、語法填空、改錯、造句以及作文都會涉及，本套練習從既有講解又有練習，是復習的好資料，提分的好助手。語法講解：一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1.語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。Tomisagoodstudent.湯姆是個好學生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。2.意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.這本書20美元太貴了。3.就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致?？碱}型1.單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。ThedeskisTom’s.這張桌子是湯姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學生正在操場上踢足球。2.manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.許多學生到過上海。3.morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。4.表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個月是一個長假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長的距離。Fiveminusfourisone.5減4等于1。5.主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個半小時足夠了。7.動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve眼見為實。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個學生考試不及格。9.當主語部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)11.people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly.這兒的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齊了嗎？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.沒有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個答案都不正確。14.以—s結尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.沒有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。15.由both…and…連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主語是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”構成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復數(shù)，動詞要用復數(shù)形式;.而thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred17．以here，there開關的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.18.the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三．肯定與否定一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應的變化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結構中須用倒裝語序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.練習：1、NextSaturdaythere________goingto________aflowershowintheparkwhichwevisitedlastmonth.A．is;beB．is;haveC．was;beD．was;have2、—What'sonthedesk?—There________adictionaryandsomeflowers.Theflowersareverybeautiful.A．areB．isC．wasD．were3、There________adogandsomecatsinthepicture.A．areB．isC．willD．do4、—WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesepeopleinChina?—Idon'tthinkso.Now________theyoung________theoldarelearningtospeakEnglish.A．neither;norB．either;orC．only;exceptD．notonly;butalso5、Notonlyyoubutalsoeveryonehere________watchingfootballmatches.A．likesB．likeC．islike6、Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,___________comingsoon.A.areB.isC.wereD.does7、Twomonths____alongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.A.amB.isC.are8、EveryoneinEnglandChristmas.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.willenjoyD.enjoys9、TheticketsofthefilmZootopiaarehardtoget.Thefilmmakesbothadultsandchildren____.A.becomingpositiveB.becomepositiveC.tobecomepositive10、NeithermywifenorImyself_______abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am11、NotonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoyingthefilmatthatmomentA.areB.isC.wereD.was12、Theteachersaidthattheearth______________aroundthesun.A.wentB.goesC.willgoD.going13、Ourteachertoldusinclasstheeartharoundthesun.A.travelingB.totravelC.travelsD.traveled14、Jimoften______tothelibraryonweekends.Helikesreadingbooks.A.willgoB.isgoingC.goesD.went15、ThesupermarketisfarfromMary’shouse.Soshe_______onlyonceaweek.A.goesshoppingB.hasbeenthereC.wasshoppingD.hasgonethere16、-Whoisthatlady?-She’sMissGreen.Sheusmusic,andsheissogood.A.taughtB.teachesC.willteachD.isteaching17、BothyouandI___wrong.A.wasB.amC.wereD.is18、Ilikethatmusic,butthelyrics________goodenough.A.aren'tB.areC.isn'tD.is19、NotonlytheybutalsoI____interestedinfootball.Messiismyfavouritestar.A.beB.amC.isD.are20、Hislegsareverylongandthey___________underthedesk.A.notfitB.don’tfitC.aren’tfitD.doesn’tfit21、There______fresherairandgreenertrees.A.areB.isC.was22、Threeyears________alongtimetobecutofffromcontactwithyourfriends.A.areB.wereC.isD.be23、Agroupofboysandgirls________dancinginthepark.A．isB．areC．beD．did24、

“Ithinkneitherthisbooknorthatonemine.”hesaid.A.areB.isC.wereD.was25、NobodyexceptTomandMary________intheclassroom.Theotherstudentsarewatchingthebasketballgameontheplaygroundnow.A．amB．isC．areD．was26、________myfather________mymotherisbusyatwork,soIhavetolookaftermyself.A．Both;andB．Neither;norC．Notonly;butalsoD．Either;or27、—Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?—Icanseeafarm.Andthere________manyanimalsonit.A．hasB．isC．haveD．are28、Manyastudent________thatmistakebefore.A．hadmadeB．hasbeenmadeC．havemadeD．hasmade29、Sixmonths________toolongforachildlivingalone.A．areB．isC．waitD．waits30、Noonewhocanplaywell________herenow.Eitherofyou________thechancetowin.A．is;hasB．is;haveC．are;hasD．are;have31、Thepolice________thatthecriminal________ontherun.A．report;isB．report;areC．reports;isD．reports;are32、Thesingerandactor________awonderfulperformance.A．giveB．givesC．isD．are33、Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.A．isnotdecidedB．arenotdecidedC．hasnotbeendecidedD．havenotbeendecided34、There_______twofootballmatchesinthegym（體育場）nextweek．A．willbegoingtoB．willhaveC．isgoingtobeD．aregoingtobe35、Everyoneinourclass_____．A．enjoystoswimB．enjoytoswimC．enjoysswimmingD．enjoyswimming36、Therestofthestudents_____notallowedtoleavetheclassroomatthattime.A.areB.isC.wasD.were37、---Ourschoolisbeautiful!---Itwillbemorebeautifulifmoretreesandgrass______byus.A．plantB．plantsC．isplantedD．areplanted參考答案一、選擇題1、A2、B3、B4、D5、A6、B7、B8、D9、B10、D11、C12、B13、C14、C15、A16、B17、C18、A19、B20、B21、B22、C23、B24、B25、B26、C27、D28、D29、B30、A31、A32、B33、C34、D35、C36、D37、D2023年中考資料介紹英語部分中考詞匯辨析122組2.中學英語詞組大全3.初中必背的英語重點詞組句型4.中考英語詞組必考必備5.中考英語各種題型的解題技巧6.2023中考英語閱讀天天練系列—