外文翻譯-甜菜收獲機(jī)

SugarbeetHarvester

Theinventionismoreparticularlydesignedforusewithabeetharvesterofthetypeillustratedinapplicant'scopendingapplicationSerialNo.324,645,ofwhichthisapplicationisacontinuationinpart.Theprincipalobjectoftheinventionistoprovidetwobeetengagingwheelsofahighlyefficienttypewhichwillengageoppositesidesofeachbeetandliftitfromtheground;separateitfromtheclodsandsoil;anddeliveriteitherbackupontopofthegroundortoanysuitablereceivingapparatus,suchasaloadingconveyorordumphoppersuchasusedinbeetharvestingmachinery.Otherobjectsoftheinventionaretoprovidebeetengagingwheelswhichwillautomatically20accommodatethemselvestodifferingsizesofbeets;whichwillnotbecomecloggedwithdirt,trash,clods,etc.;andwhichwillfirmlyholdthebeetsinanaligned,uprightposition.Otherobjectsandadvantagesresideinthe25detailconstructionoftheinvention,whichisdesignedforsimplicity,economy,andefficiency.Thesewillbecomemoreapparentfromthefollowingdescription.Inthefollowingdetaileddescriptionofthe30inventionreferenceishadtotheaccompanyingdrawingwhichformsaparthereof.Likenumeralsrefertolikepartsinallviewsofthedrawingandthroughoutthedescription.Inthedrawing:Fig.1isarearviewofatypicalbeetharvesterillustratingtheimprovedbeetliftingmechanisminplacethereon;Fig.2isanenlargedrearviewoftheimprovedbeetliftingwheels;Fig.3isalongitudinalsectionthroughoneofthewheels,takenontheline3—3,Fig.2;Fig.4isatopviewofoneofthewheelsremovedfromitsshaft;andFig.5isacrosssectionthroughaportionof45thewheelsupportingframe,withthewheelremovedtherefrom.Thissectionistakenontheline5—5,Fig.3.InFig.1,therearextremityofatypicaltractor,towhichabeetharvestingmechanismisattached,isindicatedat10withthewheelthereofati!.Theimprovedliftingmechanismmaybesupportedfromafixedframe(3securedtothetractorinanydesiredmanner,forinstance,asillustratedinapplicant'scopendingapplication,SerialNo.324,645.Averticallymovableframe12ismountedonthefixedframe!3andcanberaisedandloweredthereonbyaliftlever9securedonapowerliftrockshaft8,whichisconnectedtothepowerliftmechanism7ofthetractor(0.TheleverSisconnectedtotheverticallymovableframe!2bychainlinks6andarod5passingthroughthelowerlinkandhookedatoppositeendstotheframe12.Therockshaft8issuitablyjoumaledintheupperportionofthefixedframe13.Theproperdiggingdepthcanbepre-setbymeansofathreadedadjustingcrank4,threadedthroughaprojectingportion3ofthemovableframef2,andcontactingthefixedframei3tolimitthedownwardmovementofthemovableframe12.Theentireliftingmechanismissupportedfromthismovableframeandisraisedandloweredtherewith.Theliftingmechanismcomprisesapairofopen,multi-sided,conical,liftingwheelsmountedonwheelshafts16inshaftjournals17.ThejournalsITaresecuredonthelowerextremitiesofhingedarms18.Eachofthehingedarms13ismountedonahingebolt19ontheextremitiesofafixedbar20.Thebars20extenddownwardlyfromtheverticallymovableframe12.Thisconstructionallowstheshafts16toswingfreelysidewardfromthehingeboltsi9.Thetwoshaftsand,ofcourse,thewheelsthereonareconstantlyurgedtowardeachotherbymeansofsuitablecompressionsprings21.Thecompressionspringsarecompressedbeneaththeheadsofbolts22whichextendthroughthelowerextremitiesofapairoffixedbraces23.Thefixedbracesarepermanentlysecuredtoacrossbar24intheverticallymovableframe12.Thus,asthetwowheelsareforcedapart,theywillactagainstthesprings2!.Poweristransmittedtothewheelsthroughthemediumofuniversaljoints25whichconnecteachoftheshaftsISwithagearshaft26.Thegearshaftsaremountedinfixedbearings!5andarerotatedthroughthemediumofbeveledgears2Tmountedonacountershaft28.Thecountershaftisdrivenfromanysuitablesourceofpower,forinstance,fromtheaxleofthetractorwheelII,throughthemediumofadrivechain29.Theliftingwheelsaresupportedinspacedrelationwiththeiraxesatarearwardanddownwardinclinedirectlytotherearofapairofbeetliftingplows.Thepositionofsuchplowsisindicatedat30,inFig.1andinbrokenlineinFig.3.Theseplowsengagetheearthalongtheoppositesidesofarowofbeetsandacttoliftthebeetsandtheclodsfromtherow.Theliftedbeetsarethenengagedbetweenthewheelswhicharerotatingrearwardlyattheiradjacentsides.Asthebeetspassbetweenthewheelsthelatterareforcedoutwardlyabouttheaxisofthehingebolts19toallowpassageofthebeetsandthelatterarethrownfromtherearsidesofthewheels.Itwillbenotedthatthishinged,spring-actuated,swingingactionofthewheelsallowsthemtoautomaticallyspacethemselvesinaccordancewiththesizeofthebeet.Ahood3iissupportedfromthefixedbraces23topreventthebeetsfrompassingoverthewheels.Shouldanunusuallyhighbeetbeencounteredorshouldtheplowsliftthebeetstoanunusualheight,theircrownswillstrikethishoodandbeguidedtherebyrearwardlybetweentheliftingwheels.Itisdesiredtocallparticularattentiontotheconstructionoftheliftingwheels.Eachconsistsofahubmember32providedwithapluralityofradialspokesockets.Spokes33extendradiallyoutwardfromthehubmembertoaconnectionwithresilientrimplates34.Therimplatessupportapairofcorrugatedhoops35whichformthetwosideedgesofthewheel.Theupperhoopisofsmallerdiameterthanthelowerhoopsoastoimpartafrusto-conlcalshapetothewheel.Thetwohoopsareconnectedtogetheratthehighpointsoftheirperipheriesbymeansofcrossbars36.Thecorrugationsinthehoopsallowthemtoconvenientlyengagetheroundedsidesofthebeets,thusformingbeet-receivingpockets,andtheopenspacesbetweenthecrossbarspermittheroundedsidestoprojectintothewheelstobefirmlygrippedthereby.Itwillbenotedthatthehoops35andthecrossbars36aremembersofsmalldiameter,inthenatureofrods,andbyvirtueofthisconstructiontheareaofcontactbetweentheliftingwheelsandthebeettherebetweenisquitesmall.Thishastheadvantagethat,withoutrequiringexcessivespringpressure,encrustedsoil,clodsandthelieclingingtothebeetarebrokenandfallawayfromthebeet,yetthepressurewithwhichthewheelsengagethebeetisnotgreatenoughtodamageit.Whileaspecificformoftheimprovementhasbeendescribedandillustratedherein,itisdesiredtobeunderstoodthatthesamemaybevaried,withinthescopeoftheappendedclaims,withoutdepartingfromthespiritoftheinvention.Havingthusdescribedtheinvention,whatisclaimedanddesiredsecuredbyLettersPatentis:1.Aliftingwheelconstructionforbeetharvestersforengagingbeetsanddirectingthemwithincreasedvelocitytowardapointofreception,saidwheelconstructioncomprising:ahubmember;apluralityofradiallyextendingspokesextendingfromsaidhubmember;twoconcentricallyspaced-aparthoopssuspendedfromsaidspokes;andapluralityofcrosspiecesextendingbetweensaidhoopsinspaced-apartrelation,saidhoopsbeingarcedinwardlyintermediatesaidcrosspiecestoprovidebeet-receivingpockets.2.Abeetliftingdeviceforbeetharvesterscomprising:apairofopposedpositivelydrivenwheelsmountedforrotationaboutgenerallyupwardlyandforwardlyextendingaxesandarrangedadjacentoneanotherinlaterallyspacedrelationsoastoberotatablegenerallyrearwardlyandupwardlyattheirloweradjacentperipheries;meansforhingingtheupperendoftheaxesofsaidwheelssothattheirlowerportionsmayswingawayfromeachother;andspringmeansforurgingsaidwheelstowardeachothertograspbeetsandpropelthemupwardlyandrearwardlytherefrom.53.Abeetliftingdeviceforbeetharvesterscomprising:plowmeansforliftingbeetsoutoftheground,apairofopposedpositivelydrivenwheelsdisposedbehindsaidplowmeanstograspbeetsliftedthereby,saidwheelsbeingmounted10forrotationaboutgenerallyupwardlyextendingaxesandarrangedadjacentoneanotherinlaterallyspacedrelationsoastoberotatablegenerallyrearwardlyattheiradjacentperipheries;agenerallyupwardlyextendingwheelshaftin15eachwheel;journalscarryingsaidwheelshafts;bracketssupportingsaidjournals;meansforhingedlymountingtheupperendsofsaidjournalssothatthewheelsmayswinglaterallyaboutgenerallyforeandaftextendingaxestowardandawayfromeachotherattheirlowerportions;andspringmeansactingagainstsaidjournalmountingmeansforurgingsaidjournalstowardeachother.甜菜收獲機(jī)本發(fā)明的主要目的是提供兩個(gè)連續(xù)采摘甜菜的一種高效型車輪，將從地面兩側(cè)分開土塊和土壤，并提供地面上任何合適的接收設(shè)備，如裝載輸送機(jī)，料斗等，傾倒在甜菜收獲機(jī)筐里。本發(fā)明是提供收獲甜菜挖掘輪，它會(huì)自動(dòng)適應(yīng)不同的甜菜大小，垃圾，污垢，土塊等不會(huì)造成堵塞，并會(huì)牢牢把切割部件位置定與甜菜對(duì)齊垂直。其他對(duì)象和優(yōu)勢(shì)盡在發(fā)明中，這是簡(jiǎn)單，經(jīng)濟(jì)，效率設(shè)計(jì)的細(xì)節(jié)。這些更加明顯，下面的多個(gè)發(fā)明的參考，已詳細(xì)說明所附圖紙形成本協(xié)議的一部分。像這樣的數(shù)字是指所有視圖的繪制和整個(gè)繪圖部分：一是典型的說明了甜菜切除機(jī)制改進(jìn)后的收割機(jī)位置后視圖，二是改進(jìn)??甜菜切除車輪后視圖，三是如3-3圖采取的縱向車輪，四是它的一個(gè)輪子的軸頂視圖，五是行走輪45輪與支架部分?jǐn)嗝鎴D。本節(jié)是采取上面5-5圖一個(gè)典型的拖拉機(jī)后部下肢，甜菜收割機(jī)指示輪與車輪改進(jìn)后的舉升機(jī)構(gòu)可以支撐一個(gè)固定的幀垂直移動(dòng)模架固定安裝在機(jī)體上，這是可以升高和降低，拖拉機(jī)是連接到電源舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的。杠桿S是連接到移動(dòng)垂直模架,由鏈環(huán)桿5通過較低的聯(lián)系，在另一端通過掛鉤到固定支架上半部分13。正確的挖掘深度可預(yù)先通過調(diào)整曲軸4調(diào)節(jié)一個(gè)線程，通過突出的部分移動(dòng)模架F第23螺紋和機(jī)體聯(lián)系，固定框架3限制了移動(dòng)模架12向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。整個(gè)舉升機(jī)構(gòu)是多面，錐形并且可以提升和降低。擴(kuò)展垂直移動(dòng)模架結(jié)構(gòu)允許自由擺動(dòng)，軸16從左側(cè)鉸鏈螺栓9，兩個(gè)軸向下，輪子在不斷行進(jìn)就此向?qū)Ψ酵ㄟ^適當(dāng)壓縮彈簧21。壓縮彈簧的下方有22個(gè)螺栓，通過23個(gè)固定螺母長(zhǎng)頭壓縮，永久固定在橫桿24垂直移動(dòng)模架12上，因此，當(dāng)兩個(gè)輪子都被迫分開，他們會(huì)反向用力。電力傳輸通過萬向節(jié)25二軸與一個(gè)齒輪軸26連接每個(gè)輪子。齒輪軸軸承安裝在固定機(jī)具上，并通過旋轉(zhuǎn)中的斜齒輪安裝2個(gè)副軸。副軸動(dòng)力來源是從合適的任何一種輸出裝備，比如，拖拉機(jī)從第二輪軸通過一個(gè)傳動(dòng)鏈條連接車輪與軸間距的關(guān)系，并支持在一個(gè)向后傾斜然后向下直接對(duì)甜菜中后部。這種犁是表示從這些犁沿行的甜菜兩側(cè)大地，用以翻除土塊。甜菜收獲機(jī)的輪子之間在其鄰邊轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。由于甜菜車輪之間的傳遞，后者是被迫向外，螺栓鉸鏈軸19，以允許甜菜通道，后者是從后方兩側(cè)拋出。鉸鏈，彈簧驅(qū)動(dòng)，車輪擺動(dòng)動(dòng)作讓它們與該機(jī)罩能夠有自動(dòng)空間，支撐23個(gè)固定支架，以防止從甜菜掠過車輪。遇到或切除非常高的甜菜若是一個(gè)罕見的高度，這會(huì)造成機(jī)罩和引導(dǎo)輪之間的摩擦。樞紐的每一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，以32個(gè)徑向插座提供組成。輪輻33呈放射狀延伸向外部集線器到一個(gè)彈性環(huán)連接板34框架紙板支撐箍35形成一側(cè)邊緣的兩個(gè)輪子。輪上部比下部小，以傳遞轉(zhuǎn)速。通過直徑36的螺母把這兩個(gè)高點(diǎn)連接在了其邊緣。框架的邊緣以便從甜菜圓角的兩側(cè)，之間的交叉開放空間允許雙方投射到圓形的車輪，從而被抓牢。這是指出，框架35和36交叉處是小直徑的部件，有很好的性能，以及由這種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的升降車輪和甜菜頂接觸面積是相當(dāng)小的。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不需要過多的彈簧壓力，覆蓋的土壤，土塊和包住了甜菜以防破裂，但該輪的壓力作用于甜菜不是大到足以破壞甜菜，描述和說明一個(gè)特定的形式，同樣可以多種多樣。英皇制造的要求是：一，解除對(duì)甜菜收割機(jī)輪從事甜菜和指揮與走向一個(gè)接應(yīng)點(diǎn)，增加他們的建設(shè)速度，所述輪建設(shè)包括：一個(gè)中心的部件;輻條的徑向延伸范圍由多元化，中心部件由兩個(gè)同心間隔，以及擴(kuò)大兩岸之間的間隔件多元化，弧形向內(nèi)交叉的車輪是中間部件提供接收。甜菜收割機(jī)起重設(shè)備包括：反對(duì)對(duì)安裝驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)大約為一般向上和向前延伸軸和橫向間隔排列在彼此相鄰的關(guān)系，從而為一般向上旋轉(zhuǎn)在其較低的相鄰邊緣的鏈接超軸線上的目的所述車輪，使他們的下部零件相互遠(yuǎn)離，以及為促使對(duì)方車輪掌握甜菜和推動(dòng)他們向上。組成收割機(jī)起重設(shè)備：犁清除了地面，背后積極推動(dòng)車輪，犁以解除從而挖掘甜菜，車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸一般向上延伸，并安排鄰近的一個(gè)側(cè)面間距，以15秒每車輪在其鄰近的邊緣旋轉(zhuǎn)，一般普遍向上延伸輪軸;期刊賬面說表示支持期刊;為上端安裝方式使車輪可以從船頭到船尾橫向擺動(dòng)一般，關(guān)于延長(zhǎng)其他軸在遠(yuǎn)離其較低的每個(gè)部分代理的方式，雜志說明要求對(duì)每個(gè)車輪的安裝方法。

論大學(xué)生寫作能力寫作能力是對(duì)自己所積累的信息進(jìn)行選擇、提取、加工、改造并將之形成為書面文字的能力。積累是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，積累越厚實(shí)，寫作就越有基礎(chǔ)，文章就能根深葉茂開奇葩。沒有積累，胸?zé)o點(diǎn)墨，怎么也不會(huì)寫出作文來的。寫作能力是每個(gè)大學(xué)生必須具備的能力。從目前高校整體情況上看，大學(xué)生的寫作能力較為欠缺。一、大學(xué)生應(yīng)用文寫作能力的定義那么，大學(xué)生的寫作能力究竟是指什么呢？葉圣陶先生曾經(jīng)說過，“大學(xué)畢業(yè)生不一定能寫小說詩歌，但是一定要寫工作和生活中實(shí)用的文章，而且非寫得既通順又扎實(shí)不可?！睂?duì)于大學(xué)生的寫作能力應(yīng)包含什么，可能有多種理解，但從葉圣陶先生的談話中，我認(rèn)為：大學(xué)生寫作能力應(yīng)包括應(yīng)用寫作能力和文學(xué)寫作能力，而前者是必須的，后者是“不一定”要具備，能具備則更好。眾所周知，對(duì)于大學(xué)生來說，是要寫畢業(yè)論文的，我認(rèn)為寫作論文的能力可以包含在應(yīng)用寫作能力之中。大學(xué)生寫作能力的體現(xiàn)，也往往是在撰寫畢業(yè)論文中集中體現(xiàn)出來的。本科畢業(yè)論文無論是對(duì)于學(xué)生個(gè)人還是對(duì)于院系和學(xué)校來說，都是十分重要的。如何提高本科畢業(yè)論文的質(zhì)量和水平，就成為教育行政部門和高校都很重視的一個(gè)重要課題。如何提高大學(xué)生的寫作能力的問題必須得到社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注，并且提出對(duì)策去實(shí)施解決。二、造成大學(xué)生應(yīng)用文寫作困境的原因：（一）大學(xué)寫作課開設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。就目前中國多數(shù)高校的學(xué)科設(shè)置來看，除了中文專業(yè)會(huì)系統(tǒng)開設(shè)寫作的系列課程外，其他專業(yè)的學(xué)生都只開設(shè)了普及性的《大學(xué)語文》課。學(xué)生寫作能力的提高是一項(xiàng)艱巨復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，而我們的課程設(shè)置僅把這一任務(wù)交給了大學(xué)語文教師，可大學(xué)語文教師既要在有限課時(shí)時(shí)間內(nèi)普及相關(guān)經(jīng)典名著知識(shí)，又要適度提高學(xué)生的鑒賞能力，且要教會(huì)學(xué)生寫作規(guī)律并提高寫作能力，任務(wù)之重實(shí)難完成。（二）對(duì)實(shí)用寫作的普遍性不重視。“大學(xué)語文”教育已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重地“邊緣化”。目前對(duì)中國語文的態(tài)度淡漠，而是呈現(xiàn)出全民學(xué)英語的大好勢(shì)頭。中小學(xué)如此，大學(xué)更是如此。對(duì)我們的母語中國語文，在大學(xué)反而被漠視，沒有相關(guān)的課程的設(shè)置，沒有系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練。這其實(shí)是國人的一種偏見。應(yīng)用寫作有它自身的規(guī)律和方法。一個(gè)人學(xué)問很大，會(huì)寫小說、詩歌、戲劇等，但如果不曉得應(yīng)用文寫作的特點(diǎn)和方法，他就寫不好應(yīng)用文。（三）部分大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度不端正。很多非中文專業(yè)的大學(xué)生對(duì)寫作的學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都只是集中在《大學(xué)語文》這一門課上，大部分學(xué)生只愿意被動(dòng)地接受大學(xué)語文老師所講授的文學(xué)經(jīng)典故事，而對(duì)于需要學(xué)生動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦去寫的作文，卻是盡可能應(yīng)付差事，這樣勢(shì)必不能讓大學(xué)生的寫作水平有所提高。（四）教師的實(shí)踐性教學(xué)不強(qiáng)。學(xué)生寫