2021-2022學年新教材高中英語UNIT3CONSERVATIONSECTIONⅠTOPICTALKLESSON1課時分層作業(yè)含解析北師大版選擇性必修第一冊

課時分層作業(yè)(七)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theyhavedriventherhinototheedgeofextinction(滅絕)．2．Plastic(塑料制的)flowershavealwaysbeenaparticularhateofmine.3．PackicearoundIcelandwasbecomingathreat(威脅)tonavigation.4．Thelawwouldencouragecompaniestoswitch(轉換)fromcoaltocleanerfuels.5．Peopleareadvisedtosorttheirrubbishtomakeiteasierforthewastetoberecycled(再利用)．6．Troopsweresenttotheislandstorestore(恢復)orderlastNovember.7．Changesinfarmingmethodshavebadlyaffected(影響)employmentinthearea.8．Thetalkwasbothinformative(知識性強的)andentertaining.9．Themoneycouldbebetterspentonmoreurgent(緊迫的)cases.10．Weshouldn'tblame(責怪)ourselvesforwhathappened.Ⅱ.閱讀理解AMostpeoplecan'twaitforspringtoarrive.Itmeansflowersandwarmerweather，allwelcomechangesfromthedarkwinterdays.NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Forexample，LosAngelesmayexperiencespringonlyadayearlierthanitdid10yearsago，butfurthernorth，inSeattleorChicago，springwillarrivefourdaysearlier.IfyoulivedintheArctic，springcouldarrive16daysearlierthanitusedto.Todeterminehowspringtimeisstartingearlier，researcherslookedattemperaturerecordsand743earlierstudiesover86years.Thesestudieswereaboutvariousbiologicalindicatorsofspring，includingbirdsmigrating，plantsfloweringandamphibians(兩棲動物)soundingtheirmatingcalls.Researchersthenstudiedthesedatatoseeiftheywereoccurringearlier.Theresultshowedthatnotonlyisspringmakingitselfknownsoonerbutit'swarmer，too.Beforeyougooutinahappyspringtimehike，springarrivingsoonerisn'tsogood.Thelivelihoodofmigratorybirds，forinstance，maybeconcerned.“Thefoodthatbirdsrelyonwhentheymovetothenorthmightnotbereliableifthebeginningofspringatthesehigherlatitudes(緯度)isexpandedbyfuturewarming.”saidEricPost.HeisafellowoftheJohnMuirInstituteandapolarecologist.AnimalsrelyingonArcticseaice，likepolarbears，probablyaren'tcrazyaboutthingswarmingupsooner，either，becauseitimpactsontheirabilitytohunt.Spring'searlyarrivalcouldcausedisorderinthedelicatebalanceofvariousecosystems—nottomentionhowsoonyou'llneedtobuyallergymedicine.【語篇解讀】文章作者就科學新發(fā)現(xiàn)——春天比過去來的早，進行闡述。說明了這個氣候新發(fā)現(xiàn)對人類和動物的影響。1．WelearnfromthestudypublishedinScientificReportsthat．A．springcomesearliestinLosAngelesB．LosAngelesisfurthernorththanSeattleC．springcomes12daysearlierinArcticthaninChicagoD．thefurthernorthaplacelies，thesoonerspringcomesthanbeforeD[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.”和第二段“Forexample，LosAngelesmayexperiencespringonlyadayearlierthanitdid10yearsago，butfurthernorth，inSeattleorChicago，springwillarrivefourdaysearlier.IfyoulivedintheArctic，springcouldarrive16daysearlierthanitusedto.”可知，住著越往北的地方，春天來得越早。故選D項。]2．Researchersmadethediscoverymainlyby．A．comparingrelateddataavailableB．conductingresearchandtestC．calculatingtheexactlengthofeachspringD．observinganimal'sbehaviorallyearroundA[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Todeterminehowspringtimeisstartingearlier，researcherslookedattemperaturerecordsand743earlierstudiesover86years.Thesestudieswereaboutvariousbiologicalindicatorsofspring，includingbirdsmigrating，plantsfloweringandamphibians(兩棲動物)soundingtheirmatingcalls.Researchersthenstudiedthesedatatoseeiftheywereoccurringearlier.Theresultshowedthatnotonlyisspringmakingitselfknownsoonerbutit'swarmer，too.”可知，通過查閱氣溫記錄和86年來的743項早期研究后，研究者做出了相應的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項。]3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsfocuson?A．Concernsoverspring'searlyarrival.B．Springtimeemergenceofcreatures.C．Earlyspringtime'simpactsonhumans.D．Disorderinthebalanceofecosystems.A[主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“Thefoodthatbirdsrelyonwhentheymovetothenorthmightnotbereliableifthebeginningofspringatthesehigherlatitudes(緯度)isexpandedbyfuturewarming.”和最后一段提到“AnimalsrelyingonArcticseaice，likepolarbears，probablyaren'tcrazyaboutthingswarmingupsooner，either，becauseitimpactsontheirabilitytohunt.Spring'searlyarrivalcouldcausedisorderinthedelicatebalanceofvariousecosystems—nottomentionhowsoonyou'llneedtobuyallergymedicine”可知，最后兩段提到了春天提前到來對動物和人類的不良影響。由此可知，最后兩段的重點是對春天提前到來的擔憂。故選A項。]4．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwereadthistext?A．MedicalReport.B．SurvivalStories.C．ScientificDiscoveries. D．NaturalEnvironment.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“NowweknowthatspringisarrivingsoonerintheNorthernHemisphere(北半球)thanitwasinthepast，thankstoastudypublishedinScientificReports.”可知，本篇文章主要是研究氣候變化的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此本篇文章應來自雜志的“科學發(fā)現(xiàn)”專欄。故選C項。]BThroughouthistory，humanityhasexistedside-by-sidewithvirusesandbacteria.Fromthebubonicplaguetosmallpox，humanityhasevolvedtoresistthesebacteriaandviruses.However，therearenownewwaysforthemtoinfectus.Climatechangeismeltingpermafrost(凍土)areasthathavebeenfrozenforthousandsofyears.Asthepermafrostmelts，sotootheancientbacteriaandvirusesthathavebeenfrozen.Theseancientbacteriaandviruses，whichpreviouslylayinactiveintheice，mayspringbacktolifeastheearth'sclimatewarms.InAugust2016，a12-year-oldboyintheArcticCirclediedandatleasttwentypeopletherewerehospitalizedafterhavingbeeninfectedbyanthrax(炭疽)．Expertsstudiedandconcludedthatover75yearsago，areindeerinfectedwithanthraxdiedanditsbodywasfrozenandtrappedunderalayerofpermafrost.Itstayedthere，withthediseaseinactive，untilaheatwaveinthesummerof2016.Theheatwavemeltedthepermafrostandexposedthereindeerbody，whichthenreleasedtheinfectiouspathogen(病原體)intothenearbywaterandsoil，andthenintothefoodsupply.Morethan2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected，whichthenledtoasmallnumberofhumancases.Whileyoumaythinktheincidentisisolatedtothatarea，thefactthatlong-inactivevirusesandbacteriamightwakeupsoonduetoclimatechangewillaffectusall.Pathogenicvirusesmightbepreservedinoldpermafrostlayers，includingsomethathavecausedglobalepidemicsinthepast.Withclimatechange，whoknowswhatdeadlyvirusesandbacteriahiddenbeneathpermafrostareasarethreateningus.Perhapsitistimeforeveryonetodotheirparttostopglobalwarming.【語篇解讀】本文講述了由于全球變暖導致的疫情蔓延，從而呼吁阻止全球變暖。5．Whatdoestheunderlined“newways”referto?A．Ancientbacteriaandvirusescamebacktolife.B．Bacteriaandviruseshaveevolvedintonewtypes.C．Bacteriaandvirusesbecomemoreresistanttomedicine.D．Ancientbacteriaandvirusesremainactiveinfrozenpermafrost.A[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theseancientbacteriaandviruses，whichpreviouslylayinactiveintheice，mayspringbacktolifeastheearth'sclimatewarms.”可知，現(xiàn)在之前被冰封的古細菌和病菌，隨著地球氣候的變暖會再度活過來，所以newways是指古細菌和病菌復活，故選A。]6．Whichistherightorderofthecaseofanthraxin2016?①A12-year-oldboydiedandmanyotherswereinfected.②Over2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected.③Thebacteriawentintothenearbywater，soil，andthenfoodsupply.④Thepermafrostmeltedandthebacteriainthedeadreindeerwokeup.A．④③②① B．④②③①C．①②④③ D．①③④②A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Expertsstudiedandconcludedthatover75yearsago，areindeerinfectedwithanthraxdiedanditsbodywasfrozenandtrappedunderalayerofpermafrost.Itstayedthere，withthediseaseinactive，untilaheatwaveinthesummerof2016.”可知，七十五年前一頭鹿感染了炭疽，鹿死了，身體被冰封，病毒休眠，直到2016年的夏季酷熱期蘇醒。根據(jù)“Theheatwavemeltedthepermafrostandexposedthereindeerbody，whichthenreleasedtheinfectiouspathogen(病原體)intothenearbywaterandsoil，andthenintothefoodsupply.Morethan2，000reindeerfeedingnearthebodybecameinfected，whichthenledtoasmallnumberofhumancases.”可知，這些蘇醒的病原體進入到附近的水、土地然后進入食物中，感染了超過2000頭鹿，然后感染了人類，根據(jù)第三段中的“InAugust2016，a12-year-oldboyintheArcticCirclediedandatleasttwentypeopletherewerehospitalizedafterhavingbeeninfectedbyanthrax(炭疽)．”可知，在2016年一個十二歲的男孩感染炭疽并死去，并感染了其他人。所以順序為④③②①，故選A。]7．Whydoesthewriterwritethistext?A．Tointroduceanancientvirus，anthrax.B．Tocallonpeopletostopglobalwarming.C．Toencouragepeopletostudyancientviruses.D．Towarnofthedangerofmeltingpermafrost.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Perhapsitistimeforeveryonetodotheirparttostopglobalwarming.”作者認為是時候大家一起來阻止全球變暖了，可推斷，作者寫此文的目的是號召人們阻止全球變暖。故選B。]8．Inwhichsectioncanwemostpossiblyreadthistextonawebsite?A．Geography. B．Environment.C．Education. D．Medicine.B[推理判斷題。本文主要是講全球變暖導致疫情的蔓延，所以屬于環(huán)境類，故選B。]Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Youngstersusuallybenefitfromhavingarelationshipwithsomeoneolderandwisertomentor(指導)them.Thementormightbeateacher，familymemberormoreexperiencedpeer.However，noteveryoneissuitabletobeaninfluential，positiverolemodel.1Herearesomecommoncharacteristicsofgoodrolemodels.Theyareconfident.Mostpeopleadmirethosewhohavemuchconfidenceinthemselves.2Sotheyareabletoacknowledgetheirskillsandachievementswithoutbecomingarrogant(自大的)．JustasChildDevelopmentSpecialistDr.RobynSilvermansuggests，healthyself-confidenceshowsasprideinwhoyouareandwhatyou'velearnedthroughoutyourlife.3Rolemodelsshowtheircommitmenttoadesiredgoalbytheiractionsandarewillingtoinvestthenecessarytimeandefforttoachievesuccess.Theydon'tgiveupeasilyandcontinuetryingwhenfacedwithchallenges.Theirdeterminationtosucceedencouragesyoungsterstofollowthroughandreachthegoalstheysetforthemselves.Theyarerespectful.4Youngpeopleappreciatebeingtreatedwithrespectandadmirethosewhotreatthemandothersthatway.Rolemodelswhoshowselflessnessandanequal，non-prejudicedviewofthosedifferentfromthemearntheadmirationofothers.Theyareoptimisticandcreative.Ro