專轉(zhuǎn)本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

專轉(zhuǎn)本培訓(xùn)語(yǔ)法將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來(lái)表示禮貌的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求等。第一人稱Ishall/willbeleaving.Weshall/willbeleaving.第二人稱Youwillbeleaving.Youwillbeleaving.第三人稱He/She/Itwillbeleaving.Theywillbeleaving.Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話，那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥垺henIgethome,mywifewillprobablybewatchingtelevision.當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，我太太可能正在看電視。I’llbemeetinghimtomorrow/nextyear/sometime.我明天/下一年/某個(gè)時(shí)間將去見(jiàn)他。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Soon,tomorrow,thisevening，onSunday,bythistime，intwodays,tomorroweveningBythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天的這個(gè)時(shí)間，我將會(huì)躺在海灘上了。一種愜意的感覺(jué),將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)有很強(qiáng)的推測(cè)性，因此人們往往在以下幾種場(chǎng)合中使用它：（1）表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般帶狀語(yǔ)。如：WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?星期一的這個(gè)時(shí)間你會(huì)干什么？Whenhecomestomyhousetomorrow,Iwillbewritingthereport.明天他來(lái)我家時(shí)，我將會(huì)在寫(xiě)報(bào)告。(2)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來(lái)。如：Iwonderifitwillstillberainingthisafternoon.Ithinkthatshewillbeworkingonthisexperimentuntilnextmorning.(3)表示預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。如：TomorrowIwillbeflyingtoBombay.Afteryoutakethemedicine,youwillbefeelingmuchbetter(4)表示委婉的請(qǐng)求Whenshallwebemeetingagain.到那時(shí)我們將會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的.(5)表示原因Pleasecometomorrowafternoon.Tomorrowmorning,I'llbehavingameeting.你明天下午來(lái)吧,明天早上我將回參加一個(gè)會(huì)議.,(6)表示結(jié)果Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.(7)表示對(duì)將來(lái)的打算（區(qū)別于對(duì)將來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)）MydutieswillendinJuly,andI'llbereturningtoShangHai.六月份我的任務(wù)就結(jié)束了,我打算返回上海.

1.Theywithusforthetimebeing.A.willstayB.wouldstayC.havebeenstayingD.willbestaying2.Thecaratthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutteno’clocktonight.A.wouldgoB.wentC.willbegoingD.goes3.SmithwillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecauseA.hemusthaveaclassB.hewillbeteachingaclassC.heteachesaclassD.hewillhavebeenteachingaclass4.Hehismealsinthehotelwhenheliveshere.A.willhavebeeneatingB.willbeeatingC.willhaveeatenD.willbeeaten5.ThistimenextweekI’llbeonvacation.ProbablyIon.A.amlyingB.havelainC.willhavelainD.willbelying6.Iwon’tbeabletowatchtheconcertonTVbecauseIhomeworkatthattime.A.shallhavedoneB.shallbedoingC.shalldoD.shallhavedoing7.Imyfather-in–lawatthreethisafternoon.A.shallbeseeingB.shallbeseenC.shallhavebeenseeingD.shallhaveseen2、將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間連用，也可與before或bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。2)概念a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.構(gòu)成（shall）will+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Beforelonghewillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.不久他就會(huì)全然忘記這件事的。Heissomebodynow.Hewillnothaverememberedhisoldclassmates.他現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)有身份的人了，他可能不會(huì)記得老同學(xué)了。WillyouhaveknownKevinfor10yearsnextmonth?到下個(gè)月你認(rèn)識(shí)凱文該有10年了吧？將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法①表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.到這個(gè)學(xué)期末，我們將學(xué)完12個(gè)單元。BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。②表示推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于"musthavedone"結(jié)構(gòu)。Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.我想你已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事了。Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.我相信他一定得到了這個(gè)信息3.表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間wewillhavebeenmarriedayearonJune25th到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了Iwillhavefinishedalltheworkbythetimeyouarebackthisevening.IamsurehewillhaveleftParisbythistimetomorrow.Ihopewewillhavegotalltheinformationbeforeyoucometomorrow.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.(CET-41993,6)A)havefoundB)willbefoundC)willhavefoundD)arefinding7IsupposebythetimeIcomebackintenyears’timealltheseoldhouse______down.()

AwillhavebeenpulledBwillbepulling

CwillhavepulledDwillbepulled

8Theconference_______afullweekbythetimeitends.

AhaslastedBlastsCwillhavelastedDislasted

9Ihopethatthey______theroadbythetimewecomeback.

AwillhaverepairedBwouldhaverepaired

ChaverepairedDhadrepaired

1Ihavebeenstudyinghereforfouryears,bynextsummer____-.AshallgraduateBshallbegraduatedCshallbegraduatingDshallhavegraduated2BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_____inEuropefortwoweeks.AshallstayBhavestayedCwillhavestayedDhavebeenstaying3Ihopeherhealth_______greatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.()AimprovesBimprovedCwillbeimprovedDwillhaveimprove4By2050thelevelofindustrialpollution_______dangerouslevelsinmanycities.AwillhavereachedBwillhasreachedCwillhavereachedDwillreach5“AreyougoingtoRichard”sbirthdayparty?“Yes.BythenI______myhomework..”()AhadfinishedBwillhavefinishedCwouldhavefinishedDfinished6、Theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.(CET-41996,6)A)musthavelastedB)willhavelastedC)wouldlastD)haslasted3、將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常和表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+shall/willhavebeendoingIshallhavebeenworkinghereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendoftheyear.到今年年底，我將在這個(gè)工廠工作20年了Ifwedon'thurryupthestorewillhavebeenclosingbeforewegetthere.咱們?nèi)绮豢煲稽c(diǎn)兒，等我們到了那兒，店門(mén)就會(huì)關(guān)了。TheplayiscomingoffinAugust.Bythentheplaywillhavebeenrunningforthreemonths.這個(gè)劇將于8月停演。到那時(shí)為止，這個(gè)劇將連演三個(gè)月了。4、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間。動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，概由上下文而定。和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過(guò)去時(shí)間為前提：(1)IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.這個(gè)東西，我找了很多天才找著。(2)They'donlybeenwaitingforthebusafewmomentswhenitcame.他們只等了不多一會(huì)兒，公共汽車就來(lái)了。(3)Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.電話鈴響了三分鐘才有人接。2如果上下文清楚，過(guò)去時(shí)間也可以省去：(1)HewastiredHe'dbeenworkingallday.他累了，他工作了一整天。3過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用在間接引語(yǔ)中：(1)Thedoctoraskedwhathehadbeeneating？醫(yī)生問(wèn)他吃什么來(lái)著？4和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可后接具有“突然”意義的when從句（些從句用過(guò)去一般時(shí)）：(1)Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminuteswhenhecamein.我剛看了幾分鐘書(shū)他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。(2)She'donlybeenstudyingherlessonfortenminuteswhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.她溫習(xí)功課不過(guò)十分鐘，她的小妹妹就把她打斷了。

5、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1、過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言,將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中,尤其多用于間接引語(yǔ)中。是“從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的事”。2.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)由should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingatsixthenextday.他問(wèn)我次日六點(diǎn)將正在做什么。3.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之后即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehewouldbehavingameeting.他說(shuō)他不能來(lái)因?yàn)橐_(kāi)會(huì)6、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)should/wouldhavedonesth.用法1.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。并往往會(huì)對(duì)過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。它常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。構(gòu)造：should/wouldhavedonesth.Ithoughtyou'dhaveleftbythistime.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。Hetoldthemhewouldhavefinisheditby8o'clock.他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。IguessedthatHelenwouldhavetoldhersomething.我猜海倫會(huì)告訴她一些情況的。

Wehopedthatshewouldhavegottheplanreadybeforewecameback.我們希望她能在我們回來(lái)之前把計(jì)劃做好。Hesaidhewouldletmehavethebookassoonashehadreadit.他說(shuō)書(shū)一看完就借給我。2、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)還常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。如：IfIhadseenhimthisafteroom,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.今天下午我要是見(jiàn)到他，我會(huì)告訴他那件事的。7、過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，視上下文而定。由“should/would+havebeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如：Hetoldmethatbytheendoftheyearhewouldhavebeenlivingthereforthirtyyears.如：HesaidthatbytheendofthespringtermhewouldhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthreeyears.他說(shuō)到春季（即下）學(xué)期末，他將學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。Hetoldmethatbytheendoftheyear.hewouldhavebeenlivingthereforthirtyyears他告訴我，到年底他在那里住了有30年了。注意：下面句中的would是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，有“大概”或是“一定”的含義如："Whatinterestingjobhaveyoufound?"Helenaskedhim,heknewshewouldhavebeenthinkingaboutit.“你找到什么有趣的工作啦？”海倫問(wèn)他道。他知道海倫一定會(huì)一直想這件事情的。8、since的用法1、since加上過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980、lastmonth、halfpastsix）Ihavebeenheresince1985從1985開(kāi)始我始終在這兒2、since+一段時(shí)間+agoTomandIhavebeenfriendsincesixyearsago3、since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.4、itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句ItisthreeyearssinceIbecameafather.9、延續(xù)動(dòng)詞和（瞬間）非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞1、用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別;延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為結(jié)果，不能與表示段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)聯(lián)用：hehascompletedthework.(表結(jié)果)他已經(jīng)完成哪項(xiàng)工作。Ihaveknownhimsincethen(表經(jīng)歷）我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他。2、用于till和until的差異延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于表示肯定句中，表示”做….直到…”瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示：“到….才”Hedidn’tcomebackuntilteno’clock.他知道十點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。Hesleptuntilteno’clock.他一直睡到十點(diǎn)3、瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)，所以，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一般不能和以since，for等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：1）．那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。Theoldmanhasdiedforaweek．(誤)

Theoldmanhasbeendeadforaweek（正）2）．他三天前就已經(jīng)來(lái)這兒了。Hehascomeheresincethreedaysago．(誤)

Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago（正）4．用“Itis+時(shí)間+since…”句式。例如：①I(mǎi)tis／hasbeenaweeksincetheoldmandied．②Ithasbeen／isthreedayssincehecamehere．用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+haspassed+since…”句式。例如：①Aweekhaspassedsincetheoldmendied．②Threedayshadpassedsincehecamehere終止性動(dòng)詞不可以與howlong引導(dǎo)的句式連用。例如：Howlonghaveyouborrowedthemagazine?(誤)Whendidyouborrowthemagazine?(正)10、關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)一致在一些從句（主要是賓語(yǔ)從句）中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，這叫做時(shí)態(tài)一致。1、當(dāng)主句中的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，基本上，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)。IknowthatMr.Louisagoodteacher.Shebelievesthathewasonceagoodsolider.Hewilltelluswhatheisgoingtodo.2.當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，在這中情況下，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為下面三種情況。（1）如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或者過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。Hewaswonderingwherehecouldputthebox.Thestudentsweretalkingwhiletheteacherwaswritingontheblackboard.（2）.如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，從句則用過(guò)去完成。Thetrainhadleftwhentheygottothestation.Hesaidhealreadyhadfinishedhiswork.（3）.如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后，則用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Shesaidshewouldfinishhisworktonight.3.當(dāng)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明的是一般真理或者客觀事實(shí)，無(wú)論主句是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句不受影響，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。Theboywastoldthattheearthisround.Everyoneknowsthatsixtyminutesmakeanhour.11、語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng)）Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng)）ManypeoplespeakChinese(主動(dòng)）Chineseisspokenbymanypeople(被動(dòng)）漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”“給”“由”“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)中用，助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成Thismissionmustbefinishedassoonaspossible.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)必須盡快完成Privilegesmustbedoneawaywith.特權(quán)必須廢除。注意：1）感官動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加to.例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.老師逼我走出教室。Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher)Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground我們看見(jiàn)他在操場(chǎng)踢球Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。1.Let的用法1）當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to的不定式。例如：Theyletthestrangego.他們放陌生人走了。Theystrangewasletgo2)當(dāng)Let后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)，let通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit代替。例如；Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.2.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顧。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.這樣的事聞所未聞。3.表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”“相信”的詞組，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等組成。例如；Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopethat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當(dāng)然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定Itmustberememberthat…務(wù)必記住的是4.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如appear,die,disappear,end(vi.結(jié)束），e,true,fall,asleep,keep,silence,lose,heart,takeplace等沒(méi)有無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如；Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火過(guò)后，我家燒得所剩無(wú)幾。比較；rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對(duì)）Thepricehasrisen.(錯(cuò)）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(對(duì)）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(錯(cuò)）Thepricehasraised.(對(duì))Thepricehasbeenraised(錯(cuò)）Pleaseseat.(對(duì)）Pleasebeseated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就需注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。例如；Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙只配這把鎖Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadbeenheard.你說(shuō)的與我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)的一致。3)系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear,bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn,等。例如：itsoundsgood.聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。4)帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞如die/death,dream/dream,live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了惡夢(mèng)5)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：（對(duì)）shelikestoswim.(錯(cuò))toswimislikedbyher5.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1）wash,clean,cook,iron,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,open,等動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表明主語(yǔ)所具有的某種特性時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式。例如；Thebooksellswell.這本書(shū)銷路好Thiskniftcutseasily.這扇門(mén)打不開(kāi)Iliketheclothverymuch,becauseitfeelsverysoft.(這塊布料）摸起來(lái)很軟。注意：Thebooksweresoldout.書(shū)被賣(mài)光了。（表動(dòng)作）2）blame,let(出租），remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。Muchworkremains.還有許多活要干3）在need,require,want,worth(形容詞),deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如；Thedoorneedsrepairing=Thedoorneedstoberepaided.門(mén)該修了。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書(shū)值得一讀6.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等，例如：Heisgraduatedformafamousuniversity.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb均可。例如：Hemarriedarichgirl.他與一個(gè)副富妞結(jié)婚了。Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.

7.need/want/require/worth當(dāng)need,want,require,beworth后面接doing時(shí)，表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了.Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要沖洗。典型例題Thelibraryneeds＿,builtit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.AcleaningBbecleanedCcleanDbeingcleaned答案Aneed(實(shí)意）+n/todo,need(情態(tài)）+to,當(dāng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還可need+doing.本題考查最后一種用法，選A，如有tobecleaned則也為正確答案8被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的“by…’’的省略被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式中的“by+o”是在表示“vt”的“行為者”，但在下例情形時(shí)，這個(gè)表示行為者的“by+o”常被省略。1行為不明例Manypeoplearekilledincaraccidentseveryyear.每年有很多人死于車禍2不必表明行為者例ThegamehasbeenputoffuntilnestFridayafternoon.(這場(chǎng)比賽已被延期至下星期五下午）3行為者為一般大眾例BothEnglishandFrencearespokeninCanada.(在加拿大，英語(yǔ)和發(fā)育都通用）時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí)11.The＿nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago.AisBareCwasDwere2.---Whosingsbestinyourclass?---Jenny

.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone3.---

theyounggirl

theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?---Yes,shedoes.A.Dose;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps4.---CanIgoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou

abitolder.A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got5.---WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?---Sheoften

herhomework,butontheeveringofMarch12she

TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;watching6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth

aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves7.Ifheharder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied8.---Don'tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.---Iwon’t.Assoonashe.I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeeesD.iscoming9.---Doyoulikethissilkdress?---Yes,Ido.It

sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI

knowyou

hero.A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He

alotoffamousnovles.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite12.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?I

quitecatchit.---It’s2567321.A.can’tB.could’tC.don’tD.didn’t13.---Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?---Great!We

withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends14.---WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?---He

acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives15.Jane

anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy16.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?Butshe

meshewouldcome.A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold17.Heturnedoffthelightandthen

.A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left18.---Keepquiet,plaese.They

ameeting.---Sorry.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad19.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.---Really?Wherehe?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go20.Franktoseehisgrandmaifhefreetomorrow.A.willcome;willbees;ifC.willcome;ises;willbe21.There

atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogiveD.is22.---Shallwegoshoppingnow?---Sorry,Ican't.I

myshirts.A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing23.---Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.---I

foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited24.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?---No,he

bythetimeIgotthere.A.hadleftB.wasleavingC.leftD.hasleft25.---Isthisraincoatyours?---No,mine

therebehindthedoor.A.hashungB.ishangingC.hungD.willhang26.---

you

TVatthemoment?---No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did;watchB.Are;watchingC.Do;watchD.have;watched27.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he

abookatthatmoment.A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.waswriting28.MrSmith

abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfijnishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting29.---Icalledyouatsevenyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,Iamsorry.I

dinneratmyfriend’shome.A.amhavingB.hadC.washavingD.havehad30.---DoyouknowMissWang?----Yes.Ifirstmethertwoyearsago.She

ataradioshopatthattime.A.wasworkingB.wasreadingC.isworkingD.hadworked31.MrWhite

thenewspaper,whilehisdaughter

TV.A.read;waswatchingB.wasreading;watchedC.wasreading;waswatchingD.read;watched32.---I

youatthemeeting.Why?---Iwasill.A.sawB.haveseenC.notseeD.didn’tsee33.Whentheteachercamein,thestudents

aboutthenewfilm.A.aretalkingB.weretalkingC.talkedD.talks34.The2004AthensOlympicGames

onAugust13.A.hasbegunB.lastedC.beganD.haslasted35.Hurryup!Theplay

fortenminutes.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.began36.---MayIspeaktoMrSmith?----Sorry,he

Australia.Buthe

intwodays.A.hasbeento;willcomebackB.hasgoneto;willbebackC.hasbeenin;wouldcomebackD.isleavingfor;doesn’tcomeback37.Ican’tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI

myticket.A.havelostB.lostC.willloseD.waslosing38.---WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmHarryPotter?----Itisverynice.I

ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see39.We

tolearnEnglishfiveyearsago.We

itforfiveyearsuptonow.A.began;learnedB.begin;havelearnedC.havebegun;hadlearnedD.began;havelearned40.---Whatanicebike!Howlong

you

it?----Justtwoweeks.A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.have;hadD.are;havings41.Youdon’thavetodesvribeher.I

herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet42.---I’msorrytohavetodescribeher.I

herseveraltimes.---Oh,notatall.I

hereonlyafewminutes.A.havecomeB.hadbeenC.wasD.havebeen43.---

mydictionaryanywhere?---Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.A.HaveyouseenB.DoyouseeC.HadyouseenD.Wouldyousee44.---Ihaven’theardfromLiJunforalongtime.---Whatdoyouthink

tohim?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappnedD.hadhappened45.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI

here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming46.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe

officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.willleaveD.hadleft47.---Howlong

yourfather

theParty?---Formorethantwentyyears.A.has;joinedB.did;joinC.has;beeninD.does;join48.MrsSmith

herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband

home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;wouldcomeD.hadleft;came49.---DoyouknowBettyverywell?---Yes,sheandIfriendssincewemetinGuanzhoulastsummer.A.havemadeB.haveeC.havebeenD,haveturned50.---Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?---HetoldmethathetheDisneyWorldthenextday.A.wouldvisitB.hasvisitC.isgoingtovisitD.willvisit時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí)21.---Oh,dear.Iforgottheairtickets.---You

something.A.haveleftB.arealwaysleavingC.areleavingD.alwaysleft2.---I

sobusilyrecentlythatI

notimetohelpyouwithyourmath.---That’sOK.Icanmanageitbymyself.A.havebeenworking;haveB.haveworked;hadC.amworking;willhaveD.hadbeenworking;hadhad3.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou

tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write4.He

atthemeeting,buthisheartattackpreventedhim.A.willspeakB.isgoingtospeakC.hadtospeakD.wasgoingtospeak5.----Ibegyourpardon,butIdidn’tquitecatchyou.----Oh,I

myself.A.amtalkingtoB.talkdeaboutC.havetalkedtoD.wastalkingto6.I

ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play7.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He

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whenIphonedyou?----I

mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finishedB.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinishedD.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinished9.---Haveyoufinishedthereport?----No.I

itallthisweek.A.willdoB.haddoneC.havedoneD.havebeendoing10.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.＿yoursweaterinsideout.AhadwornBworeCwerewearingDarewearing11.—We＿thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.—I’msorry.I＿tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.Ahadexpected;hadintendedBareexpecting;hadintendedCexpect,intendDexcepted;intend12.—Why?Tom,yourshirtissodirty!—Mum,I＿mystoreroomdownstairs.AcleanedBhavecleanedCwascleaningDhavebeencleaning13.Theywon’tbuynewclothesbecausethey＿moneytobuyanewhouse.AsaveBaresavingChavesavedDweresaving14.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit＿evenbetter.AgetsBgotChasgotDisgetting15.—Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrwo.––I’msorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI＿myguestsinmyoffice.AisbeingmetBwillmeetCwillbemeetingDwillhavemet16.–Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.--Really?Where＿?AhasshebeenBhadhebeenChasshegoneDhadhegone17.IknowMr.Brown;we＿toeachotherataninternatiaoalconference.AareintroducedBarebeenintroducedCwereintroducedDhadbeenintroduced18.--Wheredoyouthink＿h(yuǎn)e＿thecomputer?--sorry.ihavenoidea.Ahas;boughtB不填；boughtCdid;buyD不填;buys19.Dont’sbothertolookformydictionary.--it＿somedayAturnsupBhasturnedupCwillturnupDisgoingtoturnup20.—WhatdoyouthinkofthiskindofTVset,which＿inshanghai?---well,Idon’tcareaboutsuchthings.AwasmadeBismadeChasbeenmadeDhadbeenmade21.—Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?--Idon’tthinkso.He＿totheradiowithhiseyesshut.AlistenedBwaslisteningChaslistenedDhadlistened22.Theplane＿at7:00pm;soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.AhasleftBwouldleaveCwillhaveleftDleaves23.Thetrain＿atthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutnineo’clocktonight.AwentBisgoingCgoesDwillbegoing24.Iusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysi＿coffee.ApreferBpreferredChadpreferredD.ampreferring25.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They___toolong.