2023屆上海市高三英語翻譯沖刺基礎(chǔ)詞匯復習講義

高三春季課程01翻譯1翻譯1翻譯本考期件的許臺佃則示例例1有人聲稱減肥丸效果顯著，立竿見影，且對身體無害，但事實遠非如此。（It）譯文：Itisclaimedthatthiskindofpillsforlosingweight/dietpillshasobviouseffectandisefficientandharmlesstohumanbody,butitisfarfromthefact.評分細則: （1）Itisclaimedthat句型1分“立竿見影”計1分“減肥丸/效果/無害/立竿”各計分“遠非如此”1分It這部分用錯，比如itisfarfromthetruth會引發(fā)多重扣分。多思勤t本賣基礎(chǔ).詞法選定適當?shù)脑~語和短語進行翻譯英語中，一個單詞往往含有多個意思。同樣中文中的一個詞語譯成英語，往往有幾個類似或相近意義的詞語可供選擇。不同的詞語在不同的語境和搭配中有其特定的含義，如何選擇恰當?shù)脑~語來準確的表達是翻譯的關(guān)鍵所在。括號中重點詞匯的直譯與意譯。（注意詞組搭配）括號中的詞直譯（一一對應(yīng)考察的是積累）（莊家不受污染thecropisfreeofpollution）.項目化學習旨在培養(yǎng)學生解決實際問題的能力。（mean）（漢譯英）Theresultoftheexperimentistotallydifferentfrom/contrarytowhatweexpected,butwebelievethatthemoreweexplore,themorelikelyweareto/willsucceed.Onlinegroceryapps/applicationsarecharacterizedbythoughtful/considerateservicesandreasonable/lowprices.Nowondermanypeoplespeakhighlyofthem/theyhavereceivedmanygoodcomments/theyarelargelywelcomed.名校試題訓練5：.在通往成功的路上，勤奮是不可替代的。(substituten.).人們普遍認為一部好的文學作品應(yīng)該雅俗共賞。(appealv.).科學家們在此次火星探索中所展現(xiàn)的敬業(yè)精神和專業(yè)素質(zhì)激勵了許多學生投身科學。(inspire).縱觀人類歷史，一個民族如果無法順應(yīng)時代的變化，就難以在全球激烈的競爭中存活下來。(survive)Thereisnosubstitutefordiligenceonthewaytosuccess.Itisgenerallybelievedthatagoodworkofliteratureshouldappealtoallsocialgroups.Thecommitment/devotiontoworkandprofessionalismdemonstratedbythescientistsintheMarsexplorationhaveinspiredmanystudentstodevotethemselvestoscience.Throughoutthehistoryofmankind,ifanationfailstoadapttothechangeoftimes,itwillbedifficultforthenationtosurvivethefierceglobalcompetition.附表2023年一模prioritythepriorityistodosthgivepriority/precedencetoA(overB)優(yōu)先權(quán)最重要的是…優(yōu)先考慮A（超過B）tryeverymeanstodosthmeantodosthbemeanttodosth=beintendedtodomeanadj想方設(shè)法做某事打算做某事旨在做某事刻薄的，吝嗇的leave+n+adjleavethedooropenleavesbbehindleavesbconfused使/讓/把?????.（處于某種狀態(tài)）把門打開著使某人落后搞得大家一頭霧水freebefreefrom/ofsth自由的，免費的，沒有…的不含有…bothersbbothertodosth/doingsth/with/aboutsth使某人煩惱花費精力做某事/費心做某事hangaround閑蕩survivesthsurvivethecompetition在…中幸存在競爭中立于不敗之地outofreachthedreamsthatareoutofreach夠不著無法實現(xiàn)的夢想keepalowprofile保持低調(diào)existthereexiststhinA存在A存在sthpayattentionto關(guān)注bededicatedtosth=bedevotedtosth=becommittedtosth致力于bequalifiedtodosth=beentitledtodosth有資格做某事/有權(quán)做某事filing歸檔AandBareequalinsthAdifferfromBinsthA與B在某一方面是一樣的A與B在某一方面是不一樣的feelrelieved感到釋懷smelldelicious聞起來很美味beworthdoingbeworthytobedone/beworthyofsth=deserve+n/doing/tobedone值得做某事bebasedon基于belocatedon位于wakesbup喚醒某人takenonotice不理會besuretodo務(wù)必/一定做某事have/losefaithin對…有/喪失信心tremendousprospectsfordevelopment巨大的開發(fā)前景fallvictimto成為…受害者emerge出現(xiàn)/浮現(xiàn)bemadeinto被制成2022年二模witness時間/地點+witness+名詞見證contributeto+名詞helpdosth/helpsbdosth有助于supposebesupposedto推斷應(yīng)該/理應(yīng)beexpectedtodosth有望做某事havealotincommon有很多共同之處becomfortabletowear穿起來很舒服beabsorbedin全神貫注于/埋頭于thanksto由于/多虧了bepopularacrossthecountry/amongtheyoungpeople=bewellreceived=catchon受歡迎/流行/火beinspiredby被…所激發(fā)靈感/靈感來于Asuggestthatsb(should)dosth建議turnouttobe/do結(jié)果是/事實是/是amajorissueofpublicconcern公眾主要關(guān)注的問題liein在于AsignalB/Acanbethesignalthat...signalsbtodosthA是B的標志示意某人做某事gazeat凝視2023&2022explainsthclearlyandfluently對sth講解得頭頭是道beawayfromthehustleandbustleofcitylife遠離城市的喧囂exertone'ssubjectiveinitiative發(fā)揮主觀能動性beoverwhelmedandhelpless焦頭爛額，束手無策keepalowprofile保持低調(diào)AfullydisplaytheloveforB對于B的熱愛一覽無遺makeAincomparableinsth使A在某方面無可比擬sthcanbehandeddowntothenextgeneration后繼有人themouthiswatering流口水unarmed手無寸鐵的sthappealingtoallages/ofallages老少皆宜befamousfor因.?聞名于世beamazing/breathtaking/beyonddescription令人嘆為觀止beconfusedaboutsth對某事云里霧里willingly/bewillingtodosth心甘情愿begintoemerge開始嶄露頭角dosthtothefullest凌厲盡致做某事havetheanklesprainedandhaveitbandaged把腳踝贏了，給腳纏繃帶follow-uptracking后續(xù)追蹤sausagefriedrice香腸炒飯getintheway礙手礙腳springplantingandautumnharvest春種秋收beatrendandmust勢在必行slip滑倒extremelypoor一貧如洗makeabreakthrough取得突破bebusydoingsth緊鑼密鼓地做某事tosumup/inaword一言以蔽之inall/goodconscience憑良心說safeandsound安然無恙breathasighofrelief如釋重負rotelearning/memorizesthmechanically死記硬背dolphintherapy海豚療法attentionspan注意力時間beforbidding令某人望而生畏atfistglance乍一看identifywith與…產(chǎn)生共鳴numerousandcomplicatedevidence紛繁復雜的證據(jù)candlelight燭光yawning哈欠thewhitepearblossoms雪白的梨花asteadystreamoftourists絡(luò)繹不絕的游客canbeunderestimated/ignored不口」小覷becloseathand近在咫尺Theproject-basedlearningismeanttodevelopstudents'abilitytosolvepracticalproblems.1.1.2 括號中的詞匯的意譯（詞組+靈活可能1對應(yīng)二/三，根據(jù)括號/以及詞組搭配尋找合適的）.據(jù)報道，目前最重要的是要恢復被颶風摧毀的電力系統(tǒng)。（priority）（漢譯英）Itisreportedthattheprioritynowistorestorethepowersystemdestroyedbythehurricane..開車時用手機，會有生命危險。（cost）Usingamobilephonewhiledrivingcouldcostyouyourlife..她又把相冊攤開在桌上未收，這是常有的事。（leave）（漢譯英）Sheleftthealbumopenonthetableagain,whichisquiteoften..我們也許都有無論如何努力都無法實現(xiàn)的夢想，但付出的努力一定不會白白浪費。（reach）（漢譯英）Wemayallhavedreamsthatareoutofreachwhatevereffortswemake,buttheeffortsaresuretopayoff..燭光和剪紙的交融構(gòu)成了傳統(tǒng)燈籠之美。（lie）/Thebeautyoftraditionallanternsliesintheinteractionbetween/combinationof/mixtureof/integrationofcandlelightandpaper-cutting..一部文學作品，無論靈感來自夢境或是現(xiàn)實，只有融入個人的社會經(jīng)歷，才可能成為佳作。（inspire）Aliterarywork,whetherinspiredbydreamsorreality,canbecomeagreatoneonlywhenitisintegratedintopersonalsocialexperiences..想到睡在帳篷的硬地上，野營就沒那么誘人了。（thought）Thethoughtofsleepingonthehardgroundofthetentmakescampinglessattractive.1.2非括號中詞匯的直譯與意譯往往是一句漢語整體可以直譯，但局部（特別是成語和俗語）卻要通過意譯。意譯可以通過詞性轉(zhuǎn)變。.漫步在這古典園林中，四處可見各式木門，它們圖紋各異，形式活潑，別具特色。（hang）（漢譯英）【答案】Whenyouarehangingaroundtheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle./Whenyouarehangingabouttheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle..高科技產(chǎn)品也會存在盲區(qū)，一旦技術(shù)失靈，人就得發(fā)揮主觀能動性，而不是焦頭爛額、束手無策。（exist）（漢譯英）【答案】Thereexistsblindzoneinhigh-techproducts.Oncethetechnologyfails,peoplehavetoexerttheirsubjectiveinitiative,ratherthanbeingoverwhelmedandhelpless..有被討厭的勇氣是活得淋漓盡致的第一步。（courage）（漢譯英）［答案】Havingthecouragetobedislikedisthefirststeptowardlivinglifetothefullest.2,句法.?？季湫停荚嚥灰欢〞迹悴荒懿粫?，主要用于作文）it作為形式主語/形式賓語Itisapity/isessential/issaid/...for/ofsbtodosth./thatsbdosth.Itremainunknown/tobeknown/whether 是否.??有待知曉It（never/suddenly）occurredtosbthat=itstucksbthat=itdawnedonsbthat某人突然想到…Itseems/appears/happens/turnsoutthatsbdosth=sbseems/appears/happens/turnsouttodosth.某人似乎/碰巧/事實證明做某事Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.做某事是無意義的。Itisnowonderthat=Nowonder...難怪it代表時間itwon9tbelongbeforethedisasterisovercome.不久，災(zāi)難將被戰(zhàn)勝。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIretired.我已經(jīng)退休三年了IthasbeenalongtimesinceIsawsuchamagnificentsunrise.我已經(jīng)很多年沒有見過如此壯美了日出了This/itisthefirsttimehehascome.（注意后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）這是他第一次來。Itis(high)timesb(should)dosth/forsbdosth.是時候做某事了。Sbfeel/think/find/consider/makeit+adj/ntodosth.Hefindsithardtoadapttoeverythingaroundhim.他發(fā)現(xiàn)與周圍的一切格格不入。Makeitarulethatsbdosth/forsbtodosth.一定/雷打 動做某事。Sbtakesthfbrgranted=sbtakesitforgrantedthat….某人認為…理所應(yīng)當強調(diào)句Itis/was+強調(diào)的部分（主要是主語/狀語/賓語）+that...Thereisnodenying/telling/knowing=itisimpossibletodeny/tell/knowthat不口」否認/難以預料/無從知道Thereisnosubstitutefbrsth.…是不°J替代的Thereisnodoubtthat...=withoutdoubt毫無疑問Thereisevidence/apossibilitythat 事實證明/肩口」能Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth無需做某事Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事是無意義的。倒裝句Hardly/ScarcelyhadAdonesthwhensbdidsth.A一做某事某人就…=NosoonerhadAdonesthwhensbdidsth.Soboredwasshethatshereadthebookfromcovertocover.她(感覺)太無聊了，把書從頭到尾讀了一遍=Soboreddidshefeelthatshereadthebookfromcovertocover.同Such+名詞...that...部分倒裝Notonlydoesreadingexpandourhorizonbutitimprovesouracademicperformance.閱讀不僅開闊眼界，還提高我們學習成績。Notonly部分倒裝butalso+句子(句子有主語)Neverbeforehavewebeenaseagertogotoschoolaswearenow.我們從未像現(xiàn)在如此渴望上學。Never/Neverbefore/Little/Seldom/Rarely/Undernocircumstances/Innocase/Bynomeans/Onnoaccount…部分倒裝Undernocircumstances/Innocase/Bynomeans/Onnoaccountcanwegiveuphalfway.我們絕不能半途而廢。Onlybyworkingwitheachothercanourteamwinthechampionship.只有互相合作，我們隊伍才能贏得冠軍。Onlybydoingsth/when/after+句子部分倒裝Notuntil...didsbdosth…直到…才…Herecomesthebus.完全倒裝...Underthetreesataboyoftenyears.一個10歲的男孩坐在樹下。Gonearethedayswhen 的日子一去不旻返。其他祈使句+an句or/fbr…做….就/否則就/因為…whatif.... 假使…會怎么樣?howcome...怎么會/為什么….？.復合句.設(shè)計師耗時五年才設(shè)計出來這款咖啡杯，備受年輕人追捧，其特色是瓷器與流行文化的完美結(jié)合。（which）（漢譯英）【答案1Thedesignerspentfiveyearsworkingonthecoffeecup,whichispopularamongyoungpeopleandfeaturestheperfectintegrationofchinaandpopculture..在偏遠山區(qū)，空氣很純凈，莊稼也不受污染，人們遠離城市的喧囂，過著簡單而閑適的生活。（free）（漢譯英）【答案】Inremotemountainousareas,wheretheairispureandthecropsarefreeofpollution,peopleliveasimpleandrelaxinglife,awayfromthehustleandbustleofcitylife.或Inremotemountainousareas,wheretheairispureandthecropsarefreefrompollution,peopleleadasimpleandrelaxinglife,awayfromthehustleandbustleofcitylife.14.這部電影制作精良，主題鮮明，劇情真摯動人，被人們奉為永久的經(jīng)典。（whose）Thecarefully-madefilmwhosetheseisdistinctandplotismoving,isregarded/praisedasanundyingclassic/atimelessclassic/lastingclassic.15.在古代,二十四節(jié)氣（the24solarterms）指導農(nóng)民預測冷暖,春種秋收,如今其魅力依然如故。（as…as）（漢譯英）【答案】The24solartermsinancienttimesinstructedfarmerstoexpectchangesintemperature,springplantingandautumnharvestandtodaytheyareascharmingastheywereinthepast.The24solartermsinancienttimesinstructedfarmerstoexpectwhenthedaysweregettingcolder

orwarmer,guidingfarmerstosowseedsinspringandharvestcropsinautumn,andtodaytheyareascharmingastheywereinthepast.3.語法時態(tài)：所給漢語句中如有明確的時間狀語，可以作為時態(tài)判斷的依據(jù)，有些漢語句中沒有明確時間狀語，但是可以從句子結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是所給的連接詞來判斷動詞時態(tài)。16.這個問題至今已經(jīng)困擾了我好幾天。（puzzle）（漢譯英）【答案】Thisquestionhasbeenpuzzlingmeforafewdaysnow.語態(tài)：句子沒有主語的解決方法一：主動變被動（最為客觀）2.增加主語（可根據(jù)上下句推斷）17.一位有影響力的專家建議多加關(guān)注自身的心理健康。（attention）（漢譯英）詞匯【答案】Aninfluentialexpertadvisesmentalhealthshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.詞匯多思勤氫衣賣基礎(chǔ)真題訓練1：.媽媽忘了兩天前剛給鄰居買過黃瓜。(forget).每逢節(jié)假日，我們都會去郊區(qū)露營，為的就是享受悠閑愜意的生活。(sothat).小張昨天在田里播下種子，期待來年的豐收。(sow).鑒于手機打車不熟練的老人不在少數(shù)，這家公司提供了一系列服務(wù)來滿足他們的需求。(afew)4,正是因為貫徹“顧客為本”的理念，那個落寞已久的社區(qū)商場才得以重回大眾視線。(It)Mother/Momforgothavingjustboughtsomecucumbersforherneighbortwodaysago.Mother/Momforgotbuyingsomecucumbersforherneighborjusttwodaysago.(During)everyholiday/(On)everyholiday,wealwaysgo/willgocampinginthesuburbssothatwecanenjoyaleisurelycomfortable/relaxingandcomfortablelife.Zhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyear.Sincetherearemorethanafewelderlypeoplewhoarenotskilledinusingride-hailingservices/requestingataxi/rideonmobilephones,thecompanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.Itisbecauseoftheimplementationofthe"customerfirsf,conceptthatthelong-desertedcommunityshoppingmallcouldreturntothepubliceye.真題訓練2：.在太空遨游一周后，載人飛船安全著陸，在那一刻，原本寂靜無聲的發(fā)射中心一片歡騰。(Theinstant).我們非常感激他們?yōu)楸Ｗo上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate).正如這本小冊子介紹的那樣，這里的司機都有禮讓行人的習慣。(As).每周三，這些大學生都會雷打不動地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule).這首歌在今年藝術(shù)節(jié)上首發(fā)時，因其旋律歡快，風格詼諧引起轟動，但只是曇花一現(xiàn)。(when)Theinstantthemannedspacecraftsafelylandedafteritsone-weekspacetravel,theoriginallysilentlaunchcenterburstinto/brokeintocheers.Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepaper-cuttingandweaving/knitting.ThosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteerseveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.5.Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen（itwas）firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn'tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandcomicstyle,butitdidn'tlastlong/butitlastedonly（for）averyshorttime/period.名校試題訓練1：.為推進這項目付出的努力是無法用語言描述的。（beyond）（漢譯英）.如果你能為我們提供資金支持，我們將不勝感激。（appreciate）（漢譯英）.這款樣式新穎的手提電腦一上市就吸引了不同年齡段的人。（Hardly）（漢譯英）.我沒想到由于當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境日趨惡化，這批大豆無論在質(zhì)量和大小上都屬于下等。（inferior）（漢譯英）.Theefforts/endeavorsmadetopromotethisprojectarebeyonddescription..We'dappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveusfinancialsupport..Hardlyhadthisstylishlaptopbeenlaunchedwhenitappealedtopeopleofallages..Itdidn'toccurtomethatduetotheworseningofthelocalenvironment,thesoybeanswereinferiorinbothqualityandsize.名校試題訓練2：.這個廚師總是不等到發(fā)錢就把錢用光。（case）（漢譯英）.既然你被自己心儀的學校錄取了，何不請每個人吃一個冰淇淋？（treat）（漢譯英）.在傳統(tǒng)文化中注入創(chuàng)意能吸引更多年輕人，但原汁原味地傳承我們的傳統(tǒng)也很重要。（pass）（漢譯英）.生活不如意時，文學書籍給我們提供了可以達到的一種比現(xiàn)實更美好的境界，彌補我們現(xiàn)實生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙。（when）（漢譯英）.Asisoftenthecase,thechefruns