電動相使用的通病及解決方法(中英文)

//電動相使用的通病及解決方法（中英文）摘要：交流電動機在國民經(jīng)濟的各行各業(yè)起著重要作用。而許多電動機使用年限長久并缺乏必要的保養(yǎng)維護．有的在惡劣條件下運行，所以時有電動機燒壞的事情發(fā)生。70％以上電動機燒毀的原因就是如此。就電動機燒毀的原因和解決方法，收及如何防止電動機發(fā)生故障提出一些解決方法。Abstract:theacmotorinthenationaleconomyinallwalksoflifeplaysanimportantrole.Whilemanymotorusefixednumberofyearforalongtimeandlackofnecessarymaintenance.Someoperationinharshconditions,sothereismotorburnout.That'smorethan70%ofthecauseofthemotorburned.Isthecauseofthemotorburnedandsolutions,andputsforwardsomesolutionstohowtopreventthemotorfailure.關(guān)鍵詞：電動機故障；解決辦法；缺相；電壓；軸承潤滑Keywords:motorfault;Thesolution;Lackofphase;Voltage;Bearinglubrication一三相電動機常見故障原因及解決辦法Athree-phasemotorcommonfaultcausesandsolutions1通電后電動機不能轉(zhuǎn)動，但無異響，也無異味和冒煙。1,afterelectrifymotorcannotturnbutnoring,nopeculiarsmellandsmoke.a電源沒通，至少兩相未通。控制設(shè)備接線錯誤，檢查電源回路開關(guān)，熔絲、接線盒處是否有斷點。Apowersupplydidn'tpass,atleasttwophasedidnotpass.Controlequipmentconnectionerror,checkthepowersupplycircuitswitch,fuse,connectorwhetherthereisabreakpoint.b熔絲熔斷最少有兩相熔斷。檢查熔絲型號、熔斷原因，更換熔絲，最好更換相應(yīng)容量的斷路器-防止電動機單相運行。B)atleasttwophaseblownfusefusing.Checkthefusetype,fusing,replacethefuse,bestreplacementcircuitbreaker-topreventmotorsinglephaseoperationofthecorrespondingcapacity.c電機已經(jīng)損壞。檢查電機。Cmotorisdamaged.Checkthemotor.2通電后電動機不轉(zhuǎn)，然后熔絲燒斷或斷路器跳閘。2afterelectrifymotordoesnotturn,andthenfuseorcircuitbreakertripped.a缺一相電源，或定子線圈一相反接。檢查斷路器、接觸器是否有一相未合好，或電源回路有一相斷線。Alackofonephasepowersupply,orastatorcoilinstead.Tocheckwhetherthereisacircuitbreaker,contactor,nottogether,thereisaphasebreaklineorpowersupplycircuit.b定子繞組相間短路。查處短路點。Bandstatorwindingshortcircuit.Short-circuitpointisinvestigated.c定子繞組接地。消除接地。Cofthestatorwindingisgrounded.Eliminategrounded.d定子繞組接線錯誤。查出誤接，予以更正。Dstatorwindingconnectionerror.Foundtomisconnection,becorrected.e熔絲截面過小。更換較大容量的熔絲，最好換成斷路器。Efusesectionistoosmall.Fusereplacementoflargecapacity,bestwithcircuitbreaker.f電源線短路或接地。消除接地點。Fthepowercordshortcircuitorground.Eliminatepickuplocation.3通電后電動機不轉(zhuǎn)，有嗡嗡聲。3afterelectrifymotordoesnotturn,hum.a定子、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組有斷路，一相斷線，或電源一相失電。查明斷點。Astator,rotorwindingcircuit,aphasebreakline,oraphaselossofelectricpowersupply.Findoutthebreakpoint.b繞組引出線始末端接錯或繞組內(nèi)部接反。檢查繞組極性，判斷繞組首末端是否正確。Bleadstartwrong,orattheendwindingsagainstinternal.Firstcheckthewindingpolarity,judgewindingendsiscorrect.c電源回路接點松動．接觸電阻大。緊固松動的接線螺檢，用萬用表判斷各接頭是否假接。Cpowersupplycircuitofloosecontact.Thecontactresistance.Fasteningscrewloosewiring,usemultimetertojudgewhethereachjointfalseanswer.d電動機負載過大或轉(zhuǎn)子卡住。減載或查出并消除機械故障。Dthemotorloadistoolargeortherotorstuck.Lighteningormechanicalfailuredetectedandeliminated.e電源電壓過低。檢查是否把規(guī)定的△接法誤接為Y接法。是否由于電源導(dǎo)線過細使壓降過大，予以糾正。Epowersupplyvoltageistoolow.CheckswhetherthespecifieddeltaconnectionmisconnectioninYconnection.Whetherduetothepowersupplywirecarefullymakethepressuredropistoolarge,corrected.f小型電動機裝配太緊或軸承內(nèi)油脂過硬，軸承卡住。重新裝配使之靈活，更換合格油脂。Fsmallmotorassemblyistootightortheoilqualityinbearing,bearingstuck.Reconfigureflexible,replacethequalifiedgrease.4電動機起動困難，帶額定負載時電動機轉(zhuǎn)速低于額定轉(zhuǎn)速。4motorstartingdifficulties,motorspeedislowerthantheratedspeedwiththeratedload.a電源電壓過低。測量電源電壓．設(shè)法改善。Apowersupplyvoltageistoolow.Powersupplyvoltagemeasurement.Trytoimprove.b△接法誤接為Y接法。糾正接法。BdeltaconnectionmisconnectioninYconnection.Correctconnection.c籠形轉(zhuǎn)子開焊或斷裂。檢查開焊和斷點并修復(fù)。Ccagerotorweldingorfracture.Checktheopenweldingandbreakpointsandrepair.d定子、轉(zhuǎn)子局部線圈錯接、接反。查出誤接處，予以改正。e電機過載。減載。5電動機空載電流不平衡，三相電流相差大。Dstatorandrotorcoiloflocalpickup,pickupthewrong.Founditbyaccident,becorrect.Emotoroverload.Lightening.5motorno-loadcurrentimbalance,threephasecurrentdifferenceisbig.a組首尾端接錯。檢查并糾正。Groupafirstendwrong.Checkandcorrect.b電源電壓不平衡。測量電源電壓，設(shè)法消除不平衡。Bsupplyvoltageimbalance.Measuringvoltage,managedtoeliminatetheimbalance.c繞組有匝間短路、線圈反接等故障。消除繞組故障。Cwindinginterturnshortcircuit,coilreverseconnectionfailure,etc.Eliminatewindingfaults.6電動機空載電流平衡，但數(shù)值大。6motorno-loadcurrentbalance,butthevalueisbig.a電壓過高。檢查電源，設(shè)法恢復(fù)額定電壓。Ahighvoltage.Checkthepowerandtrytorestoreratedvoltage.bY接電動機誤接為△接。改接為Y接。BYthemotorfordeltabymisconnection.ConverttoY.c氣隙過大或不均勻。更換新轉(zhuǎn)子或調(diào)整氣隙。Cairgapistoolarge,oruneven.Replacethenewrotororadjusttheairgap.7電動機運行時響聲不正常，有異響。7whenthemotorrunningnoiseisnotnormal,thereissound.a轉(zhuǎn)與定子絕緣紙或槽楔相擦。修剪絕緣，削低槽楔。Abrushwithstatorinsulationpaperorslotwedgefacies.Clipinsulation,lowcutslotwedge.b軸承磨損或油內(nèi)有砂粒等異物。更換軸承或清洗軸承。Bbearingwearoroilcontainssand,suchasforeignbody.Replacementofbearingorbearingcleaning.c定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心松動。檢查定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心。d軸承缺油。加油。e風道填塞或風扇擦風罩。清理風道，重新安裝風罩。Cofthestatorandrotorcoreisloose.Checkthestatorandrotorcore.Dbearingshortofoil.Comeon.Ewindchannelstuffingorwipewindhoodfan.Cleanuptheairduct,reinstallthewindshield.f定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心相擦。消除擦痕，必要時車小轉(zhuǎn)子。Fthestatorandrotorcorefacies.Removethescratch,carsmallrotorwhennecessary.g電源電壓過高或不平衡。檢查并調(diào)整電源電壓。Gpowersupplyvoltageistoohighorunbalanced.Checkandadjustthepowersupplyvoltage.（版權(quán)聲明：本文轉(zhuǎn)載自論文網(wǎng)在線()，版權(quán)歸原作者所有。）(netofpaperofcopyrightstatement:thisarticlereprintedfromonline(),allpeeroriginator.)h定子繞組錯接或短路。消除定子繞組故障。Hofthestatorwindingfaultorshortcircuit.Eliminatethestatorwindingfault.8電動機過熱甚至冒煙8motoroverheatingorevensmokea電源電壓過高，使鐵心發(fā)熱大大增加。降低電源電壓，如調(diào)整供電變壓器分接頭，若是電機Y、△接法錯誤引起，則應(yīng)改正接法。Apowersupplyvoltageistoohigh,makingcoreheatincreasegreatly.Lowersupplyvoltage,suchasadjustingthepowersupplytransformertap,ifYmotor,deltaconnectionerrors,youshouldcorrectconnection.b電源電壓過低，電動機又帶額定負載運行，電流過大使繞組發(fā)熱。設(shè)法改善電源電壓。Bsupplyvoltageistoolow,themotorandratedloadrunning,currentambassadorwindingfever.Trytoimprovethepowersupplyvoltage.c籠形轉(zhuǎn)子斷條。檢查并消除轉(zhuǎn)子故障。Ccagerotorbrokenbar.Checkandremovetherotorfault.d電動機缺相，兩相運行?；謴?fù)三相運行。Dmotoropenphaseandtwophaseoperation.Recoveryphaserunning.e環(huán)境溫度高，電動機表面污垢多，或通風道堵塞。清洗電動機，改善環(huán)境溫度，采用降溫措施。Etheenvironmenttemperatureishigh,themotorsurfacedirt,orventilationplugging.Cleanmotor,improvetheenvironmenttemperature,thecoolingmeasures.f電動機風扇故障。通風不良。檢查并修復(fù)風扇，必要時更換。Fthemotorfanfault.Poorventilation.Checkandrepairthefan,ifnecessary,replace.g定子繞組故障，相間、匝間短路，定子繞組內(nèi)部連接錯誤。檢查定子繞組，消除故障。G,interphones,interturnshortcircuitfaultofstatorwinding,statorwindinginternalconnectionerror.Checkthestatorwinding,eliminatemalfunction.h電動機與負載間聯(lián)軸器未校正，或皮帶過緊。重新校正，調(diào)整皮帶張力。Hbetweenthemotorandloadcouplingcorrection,orbeltistootight.Correctionagain,adjustthebelttension.二軸承相關(guān)問題及解決方法Twobearingrelatedproblemsandsolutions1由于軸承損壞，軸彎曲等原因致使定、轉(zhuǎn)子磨擦(俗稱掃膛)引起鐵心溫度急劇上升．燒毀槽絕緣、匝間絕緣．從而造成繞組匝間短路或?qū)Φ亍胺排凇?。嚴重時會使定子鐵心倒槽，錯位，轉(zhuǎn)軸磨損，端蓋報廢等。軸承與轉(zhuǎn)子或端蓋配合過松，造成軸承跑內(nèi)圈或外圈。無論跑內(nèi)圈還是跑外圈均會引起軸承運行溫升急劇上升以致燒毀，特別是跑內(nèi)圈故障會造成轉(zhuǎn)軸嚴重磨損。但間斷性跑外圈一般情況下不會造成軸承溫度急劇上升．只要軸承完好?？稍诙松w上的軸承室用銃子銃一圈小麻點。裝軸承時，一般要對軸承加熱至80℃～100℃，如采用軸承加熱器，用機油，變壓器油煮等，只有這樣，才能保證軸承的裝配質(zhì)量。1duetobearingdamage,axisbend,etc.Reason,rotorfriction(commonlyknownasSaulchamber)coretemperaturerisingsharply.Burningslotinsulation,turn-to-turninsulation.Resultinginwindinginterturnshortcircuitortoground"shooting".Seriousworsenedthestatorironcoretrough,dislocation,shaftwearandendcoverscrap,etc.Bearingsandrotororendcovertooloose,resultinginbearinginnerringorouterring.Nomatterrunninginnerringorouterringallwillcausebearingoperatingtemperaturerisesharplythatburned,especiallywithinlapsfaultcancauseashaftseriouswearandtear.Butintermittentrunningouterringgenerallywillnotcausebearingtemperaturerisesharply.Aslongasthebearingingoodcondition.Canuseontheendcoverofthebearingchamberinfantspearacircleofsmallpitting.Bearingwhenloading,generallyforbearingheatingto80℃~100℃,ifusebearingheater,usingengineoil,transformeroil,etc.,onlyinthisway,toguaranteetheassemblyqualityofthebearing.2軸承腔內(nèi)未清洗干凈或所加油脂不干凈。例如軸承保持架內(nèi)的微小剛性物質(zhì)未徹底清理干凈，運行時軸承滾道受損引起溫升過高燒毀軸承安裝軸承前必須對其進行認真仔細的清洗，軸承腔內(nèi)不能留有任何雜質(zhì)．填加油脂時必須保證潔凈。2bearingcavityisnotcleanornotcleangrease.Suchasbearingcagewithinthetinyrigidmaterialnotthoroughlycleaned,theruntimebearingracewaydamagecausedbyhightemperatureburningbearingbearingbeforeinstallationmustbecarefulcleaning,bearingchambercan'tleaveanyimpurities.Addgreasemustensureclean.3由于電機本體運行溫升過高，且軸承補充加油脂不及時造成軸承缺油甚至燒毀電機。電機外殼要潔凈見本色．通風必須有保證，冷卻裝置不能有積垢，風葉要保持完好。Ontologyrun3duetothemotortemperaturerisetoohigh,andtheaddedbearinggreasebearingoilshortagecausednotintimeandevenburningmotor.Motorshelltoseeclean.Ventilationmustbeguaranteed,coolingdevicecannothavescale,thebladestoremainintact.4由于不同型號油脂混用造成軸承損壞。禁止多種潤滑油脂混用，軸承運行1000～1500H后應(yīng)加一次潤滑脂．運行2500—3000H后更換潤滑脂。潤滑脂的填充量：電動機轉(zhuǎn)速小于1500r／min軸承腔填充2／3；1500—2890r／min填充量1／2。4bearingdamageduetothedifferenttypeoiltomix.Bannedmanykindsoflubricationoiltomix,bearing1000~1500hafteroperationshouldaddagrease.Runthe2500-3000hafterthechangeofgrease.Thefillingquantityofthegrease:motorspeed<1500r/min2/3ofbearingcavityfilling;1500-2890r/minin1/2.5軸承本身存在制造質(zhì)量問題．例如滾道銹斑、轉(zhuǎn)動不靈括、間隙超標、保持架變形等。安裝軸承前先要對軸承進行全面仔細的完好性檢查。5bearingmanufacturingqualityproblemsitself.Suchasgrooverustyspot,hangsaround,clearancebetweenoverweight,cage,deformation,etc.Beforeinstallationofbearingtobearingacomprehensiveintegritycheckcarefully.6備機長期不運行，油脂變質(zhì)．軸承生銹而又未進行中修對于長期不用的電機，使用前必須進行必要的解體檢查，更新軸承油脂。6formachineisnotrunningforalongtime,oilmetamorphism.Bearingrustandnotlongforlongwithoutmotor,beforeusemustcarryoutthenecessarydisassemblycheck,updatethebearinggrease.三電機繞組燒毀的原因及解決辦法。Threemotorwindingburnedthecauseandthesolution.1除防爆電機外，一般電機本身密封不是很好，加之環(huán)境跑冒滴漏．使電機內(nèi)部進水或進入其它帶有腐蝕性液體或氣體，電機繞組絕緣受到破壞。1inadditiontotheexplosion-proofmotor,sealingisnotverygood,generalmotorsitselfPaoMaoDiLoucombinedwiththeenvironment.Makethemotorinternalwaterorintootherwithcorrosiveliquidsorgases,motorwindinginsulationdamage.a盡量消除工藝和機械設(shè)備的跑冒滴漏現(xiàn)象。A.trytoeliminatethephenomenonofcraftandmachineryPaoMaoDiLou.b檢修時注意搞好電機的每個部位的密封，例如在各端蓋涂少量704密封膠，在螺栓上涂抹油脂，必要時在接線盒等處加裝防滴濺盒，如電機暴露在易侵入液體和污物的地方應(yīng)作保護罩。Bpayattentiontothematterineachpartofthemotormaintenanceseal,forexample,intheendcoverwithasmallamountof704sealant,daubgreaseonthebolt,ifnecessaryintheplacesuchasaddantispatterbox,junctionbox,suchasmotorexposedeasilyinvadedaliquidandthecontaminationofshieldingshouldbedone.c對在此環(huán)境中運行的電機要縮短小修和中修周期，嚴重時要及時進行中修。Cmotorrunninginthisenvironmentwouldbeshortenedminorrepairandrepairthecycle,seriouswhenneedstobedoneinatimelymannertorepair.2由于繞組端部較長或局部受到損傷與端蓋或其它附2becauseofthewindingendislongerthanthelocaldamageandendcoverorotherattached件相磨擦，導(dǎo)致繞組局部燒壞。電機在更新繞組時，必須按原數(shù)據(jù)嵌線。檢修電機時任何剛性物體不準碰及繞組，電機轉(zhuǎn)子抽芯時必須將轉(zhuǎn)子抬起，杜絕定、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯相互磨擦。動用明火時必須將繞組與明火隔離并保證有一定距離。電機回裝前要對繞組的完好性進行認真仔細的檢查確診。Infriction,resultinginwindingburn.Motorwindingsinupdate,mustaccordingtotheoriginaldataembeddedinline.Repairanyrigidobjectsarenotallowedtotouchandwindingmotor,motorrotorcore-pullingwhentherotorlift,mustbeputanendtoit,therotorironcorefrictioneachother.Useopenflamewhenwindingmustbeisolatedfromopenflameandkeepacertaindistance.Motorbacktotheintegrityofwindingsbeforecarefullycheckdiagnose.3由于長時間過載或過熱運行，繞組絕緣老化加速，絕緣最薄弱點碳化引起匝間短路、相間短路或?qū)Φ囟搪返痊F(xiàn)象使繞組局部燒毀。盡量避免電動機過載運行。保證電動機浩凈并通風散熱良好。（版權(quán)聲明：本文轉(zhuǎn)載自論文網(wǎng)在線()，版權(quán)歸原作者所有。）Duetolongtimeoverloadoroverh