2022年上海中考一模復(fù)習筆記

上?；瘜W(xué)知識點總結(jié)1、化學(xué)是研究物質(zhì)構(gòu)成、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)以及變化規(guī)律基本科學(xué)。2、國內(nèi)勞動人民商代會制造青銅器,春秋戰(zhàn)國時會煉鐵、煉鋼。3、綠色化學(xué)環(huán)境和諧化學(xué)(化合反映符合綠色化學(xué)反映)①四特點P6(原料、條件、零排放、產(chǎn)品)②核心:運用化學(xué)原理從源頭消除污染4、蠟燭燃燒實驗(描述現(xiàn)象時不可浮現(xiàn)產(chǎn)物名稱)(1)火焰:焰心、內(nèi)焰(最明亮)、外焰(溫度最高)(2)比較各火焰層溫度:用一火柴梗平放入火焰中?，F(xiàn)象:兩端先碳化;結(jié)論:外焰溫度最高(3)檢查產(chǎn)物H2O:用干冷燒杯罩火焰上方,燒杯內(nèi)有水霧CO2:取下燒杯,倒入澄清石灰水,振蕩,變渾濁(4)熄滅后:有白煙(為石蠟蒸氣),點燃白煙,蠟燭復(fù)燃。闡明石蠟蒸氣燃燒。5、吸入空氣與呼出氣體比較結(jié)論:與吸入空氣相比,呼出氣體中O2量減少,CO2和H2O量增多(吸入空氣與呼出氣體成分是相似)6、學(xué)習化學(xué)重要途徑--科學(xué)探究普通環(huán)節(jié):提出問題→猜想與假設(shè)→設(shè)計實驗→實驗驗證→記錄與結(jié)論→反思與評價化學(xué)學(xué)習特點:關(guān)注物質(zhì)性質(zhì)、變化、變化過程及其現(xiàn)象;7、化學(xué)實驗(化學(xué)是一門以實驗為基本科學(xué))一、慣用儀器及用法(一)用于加熱儀器－－試管、燒杯、燒瓶、蒸發(fā)皿、錐形瓶可以直接加熱儀器是－－試管、蒸發(fā)皿、燃燒匙只能間接加熱儀器是－－燒杯、燒瓶、錐形瓶(墊石棉網(wǎng)-受熱均勻)可用于固體加熱儀器是－－試管、蒸發(fā)皿可用于液體加熱儀器是－－試管、燒杯、蒸發(fā)皿、燒瓶、錐形瓶不可加熱儀器--量筒、漏斗、集氣瓶(二)測容器－－量筒量取液體體積時,量筒必要放平穩(wěn)。視線與刻度線及量筒內(nèi)液體凹液面最低點保持水平。量筒不能用來加熱,不能用作反映容器。量程為10毫升量筒,普通只能讀到0.1毫升。(三)稱量器－－托盤天平(用于粗略稱量,普通能精準到0.1克。)注意點:(1)先調(diào)節(jié)零點(2)稱量物和砝碼位置為"左物右碼"。(3)稱量物不能直接放在托盤上。普通藥物稱量時,在兩邊托盤中各放一張大小、質(zhì)量相似紙,在紙上稱量。潮濕或具備腐蝕性藥物(如氫氧化鈉),放在加蓋玻璃器皿(如小燒杯、表面皿)中稱量。(4)砝碼用鑷子夾取。添加砝碼時,先加質(zhì)量大砝碼,后加質(zhì)量小砝碼(先大后小)(5)稱量結(jié)束后,應(yīng)使游碼歸零。砝碼放回砝碼盒。(四)加熱器皿－－酒精燈(1)酒精燈使用要注意"三不":①不可向燃著酒精燈內(nèi)添加酒精;②用火柴從側(cè)面點燃酒精燈,不可用燃著酒精燈直接點燃另一盞酒精燈;③熄滅酒精燈應(yīng)用燈帽蓋熄,不可吹熄。(2)酒精燈內(nèi)酒精量不可超過酒精燈容積2/3也不應(yīng)少于1/4。(3)酒精燈火焰分為三層,外焰、內(nèi)焰、焰心。用酒精燈外焰加熱物體。(4)如果酒精燈在燃燒時不慎翻倒,酒精在實驗臺上燃燒時,應(yīng)及時用沙子蓋滅或用濕抹布撲滅火焰,不能用水沖。(五)夾持器－－鐵夾、試管夾鐵夾夾持試管位置應(yīng)在試管口近1/3處。試管夾長柄,不要把拇指按在短柄上。試管夾夾持試管時,應(yīng)將試管夾從試管底部往上套;夾持部位在距試管口近1/3處;用手拿住(六)分離物質(zhì)及加液儀器－－漏斗、長頸漏斗過濾時,應(yīng)使漏斗下端管口與承辦燒杯內(nèi)壁緊靠,以免濾液飛濺。長頸漏斗下端管口要插入液面如下,以防止生成氣體從長頸漏斗口逸出。一、金屬材料純金屬(90各種)合金(幾千種)2、金屬物理性質(zhì):(1)常溫下普通為固態(tài)(汞為液態(tài)),有金屬光澤。(2)大多數(shù)呈銀白色(銅為紫紅色,金為黃色)(3)有良好導(dǎo)熱性、導(dǎo)電性、延展性3、金屬之最:(1)鋁:地殼中含量最多金屬元素(2)鈣:人體中含量最多金屬元素(3)鐵:當前世界年產(chǎn)量最多金屬(鐵>鋁>銅)(4)銀:導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱性最佳金屬(銀>銅>金>鋁)(5)鉻:硬度最高金屬(6)鎢:熔點最高金屬(7)汞:熔點最低金屬(8)鋨:密度最大金屬(9)鋰:密度最小金屬4、金屬分類:黑色金屬:普通指鐵、錳、鉻及它們合金。重金屬:如銅、鋅、鉛等有色金屬輕金屬:如鈉、鎂、鋁等;有色金屬:普通是指除黑色金屬以外其她金屬。5、合金:由一種金屬跟其她一種或幾種金屬(或金屬與非金屬)一起熔合而成具備金屬特性物質(zhì)。牛津初中英語重點詞匯例句Aabit有點兒abitof后跟名詞 abitofhouseworkIfeelabit/alonelyfromtimetotime我偶爾由于感到有點兒孤單。alittle有點兒,(比…)稍微…可修飾比較級It’s10a.m..Ifeelalittlehungry.上午10點了,我感到有點餓。Lilyis1.65metrestall.Iam1.63metrestall.LilyisalittletallerthanI.Lily1.65米高。我1.63米高。Lily比我高一點。2、abilityn.能力beabletodoDifferentpeoplehavedifferentabilities.Findoutmoreabouthisabilities.不同人有不同能力。3、aboveprep.在…上面WilsonlivestwofloorsaboveWendy.Wilson住在Wendy樓上兩層。belowprep.在…下面MarylivessixfloorsbelowWendy.Mary住在Wendy樓下6層。overprep.在…上方Thereisabridgeovertheriver.有一座橋橫跨這條河。underprep.在…下方Thereisabikeunderthetree.有一輛自行車在樹下。onprep.在…上面oThereisabookonthedesk.桌上有一本書。4、abroadadv.在國外,到國外I’mplanningtotravelabroadinthiscomingsummerholidays.我籌劃在即將到來暑假里去國外旅行。5、acceptvt.接受辨析:receive收到Doyouacceptwhathetoldyou?你能接受她所告訴你事嗎?6、accidentn.事故,意外事Thecaraccidentkilledthreemenyesterday.昨天,三個人在這場車禍中喪生。7、achievevt.獲得achieveabalancebetween…and…在…和…之間獲得平衡Idon’tknowhowtoachieveabalancebetweenmyschoolworkandmyhobbies.Canyougivemesomeadvice?我不懂得如何在學(xué)習和興趣兩者之間獲得平衡。你能給我某些建議嗎?8、acrossprep.穿過goacrosstheroad/bridge/street/fieldGoacrosstheroadandwalkon,you’llseethebookshop.穿過這條馬路繼續(xù)走,你就看到那個書店。crossvt.穿過Crosstheroadandyou’llseethemuseum.穿過這條馬路,你就看到那個博物館。crossroadsn.十字路口throughprep.穿過,通過gothroughtheforest/tunnel穿過森林/隧道Theyputcandlesinthemsothelightshinesthroughtheeyes,thenoseandtheteeth.她們把蠟燭放在里面,這樣光線就會透過眼睛、鼻子和牙齒照出來。Thesunisshiningthroughthewindow.陽光透過窗戶照進來。9、actionn.行動takeaction(s)采用行動Wecantakethefollowingactionstoprotectgiantpandas.你可以采用如下行動來保護大熊貓。Ifwedonottakeaction,therewillbenobearsintheworld.如果我們不采用行動,世界上就沒有熊了。10、activeadj.積極,活躍反義詞:inactiveYouareenergeticandactive,butsometimestooimpatient.你精力充沛、活潑,但有時你太沒有耐心了。takeanactivepartin積極參加activelyadv.積極地,活躍地Wehopethisinformationwillhelpthemunderstandandmakethemactivelytakeactiontoprotectwildlife.我但愿這個信息將協(xié)助她們理解并且使她們積極地采用行動來保護野生動物。11、activityn.活動after-school/outdoor/indooractivities課外/戶外/室內(nèi)活動Wedoafter-schoolactivitieseveryafternoon.我們每天下午進行室內(nèi)活動。12、advantagen.優(yōu)勢,長處disadvantagen.劣勢,缺陷,不利條件Livinginthecountryhasadvantagesanddisadvantages.住在農(nóng)村既有優(yōu)勢也有劣勢。13、advisevt.建議,勸告advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事OurEnglishteacheradvisesustospeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.我們英語教師建議我們盡量多說英語。advicen.(U)建議,勸告,忠告givesb.someadvice給某人提某些建議Idon’tknowhowtolearnEnglishwell.Ihopeyoucangivemesomeadvice.我不懂得如何學(xué)好英語。我但愿你可以給我某些建議。suggestionn.(C)建議offersb.somesuggestionsCanyouoffermesomesuggestions?14、affectvt.影響affectourmoods影響我們心情Doyouknowthatcolourscanaffectourmoods?你懂得顏色能影響我們情緒嗎?effectn.影響,作用haveagood/badeffectonsb.對某人有好/壞影響15、affordvt./vi.買起,能做affordsth.買起affordtodosth.有能力做某事Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.我們沒有能力承擔這樣價格。Thecaristooexpensive.Ican’taffordit/Ican’taffordtobuyit.這輛太貴了,我買不起。16、afraidadj.緊張,膽怯,恐怕beafraid/beafraidofsth./doing/beafraidtodosth./beafraidthatIhavealotofhomeworktodo.I’mafraid(that)Ican’tgowithyou.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做,恐怕我不能和你去了。I’mafraidofsnakes.我膽怯蛇。I’mafraidofgoingoutaloneatnight.我膽怯晚上單獨出去。Don’tbeafraidtoaskquestions.不要膽怯問問題。frightenedadj.感到恐驚Theyheardsomethingunusual,theyfeltfrightened.她們聽到某些異常狀況,她們感到恐驚。17、againstprep.反對,違背,緊靠Heiswantedbecausehehasdonesomethingagainstthelaw.她被通緝由于她做了違法事。18、agen.年齡attheageof在…歲時What’syourage?/Howoldareyou?你多大啦?Attheageoffive,shecouldswim.在5歲時候,她就能游泳。19、agoadv.此前twoyearsago兩年前threesecondsago三秒種前Hedon’tknowwhathappenedtothemthreesecondsago.她不懂得三秒種前她們發(fā)生了什么事。beforeadv.此前IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWallbefore.我此前從來沒有去過長城。prep.在…此前,在…前面IlikereadingEnglishbeforeIgotobed.我在上床前喜歡讀英文。ThetrainhadleftbeforeIwenttothestation.在我到達火車站之前,火車就離開了。Hesitsbefore/infrontofme.她坐在我前面。thedaybeforeyesterday前天theyearbeforelast前年20、agreevi.批準,贊同agreewithsb.批準某人看法agreementn.批準,合同反義詞:disagreeIagreewithyourparentsthatitisbetterforyoutogohomeearlier.我批準你父母觀點,你最佳早點回家。21、airn.空氣,大氣airpollution空氣污染Thereisn’tairorwateronthemoon.月球上沒有空氣和水。ThereislessairpollutioninSunshineTownthaninMoonlightTown.陽光鎮(zhèn)污染比月光鎮(zhèn)污染要少。v.使通風airtheroom使房間通風Weshouldairtheroomseverydayinspring.春天,我應(yīng)當每天使房間通風。22、allowvt.容許allowsb.todosth.容許某人做某事Myparentsdon’tallowmetoplayoutsideafter6p.m.我父母不容許我下午6點之后出去玩.23、almostadv.幾乎,差不多nearlyadv.幾乎,差不多hardlyadv.幾乎不Heisverytallalmost1.75metrestall.她很高,幾乎有1.75米WelostourumbrellainthewindandInearlyfellover.大風卷走了我們傘,我?guī)缀醯埂?4、aloneadv./adj.獨自,單獨beathomealone,livealonelonelyadj.孤單,寂寞feellonelyTheoldmanlivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.這個老人獨自一人居住,但她不感到寂寞。25、alongprep.沿著go/walkalongtheroadgetalong(well)with與…相處(融洽),在…獲得(大)進展Igetalongwellwithallmyclassmates.我和我所有同窗相處融洽。26、alreadyadv.已經(jīng)yetadv.還(未)慣用于完畢時Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我們已經(jīng)做完我們家庭作業(yè)。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?No,notyet.你已經(jīng)做完你庭作業(yè)了嗎?還沒有。27、althoughconj.雖然,盡管不能和but連用Althoughhestudieshard,hecan’tcatchupwithothers.雖然她努力學(xué)習,但她不能趕上別人。28、alsoadv.也,tooadv.也,aswell也,either也Helikesreading.Ialsolikereading.Ilikereading,too.我也喜歡看書。Heisalsowearingapairofcolourfultrainers.她也穿了一雙顏色鮮艷運動鞋。Iwanttoreadthebookaswell.我也想讀這本書。Hedoesn’tlikerunning,Idon’t,either.她不喜歡跑步,我也不喜歡。29、amongprep.在…中間三者或以上betweenprep.在…之間兩者Theteacherstandsamongthestudents.教師站在學(xué)生中間Thereisarailwaybetweenthetwocities.在這兩都市間有一條鐵路。30、angryadj.氣憤,憤怒be/become/getangrywithangrilyadv.憤怒地Hisparentsbecameangrywhenhemadethesamemistakeagain.當她再次犯同樣錯誤時,她父母氣憤了?！癢hat?”thetigersaidangrily.“什么?”老虎氣憤地說。31、anotheradj.另一種,別后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)other后加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?你想再要一杯茶嗎?Iamgoingtotakeanotherroute.我想走另一條路線。one…theother…(兩個中)一種…另一種…Theoldmanhastwodaughters.Oneisaworker,theotherisanurse.這個老人有兩了女兒,一種是工人,另一種是護士。32、answern.答案theanswerto……答案Canyoutellmetheanswertothequestion?It’sdifficultforme.你能告訴我這個問題答案嗎?這對我有點難。v.回答answeraquestion回答問題Canyouanswerthequestion?Yes,Ican.你能回答這個問題嗎?replyn./v.答復(fù),回答replytoaquestionMypenfriendintheUSAhasn’trepliedtomylastthreee-mails.我在美國筆友還沒有答復(fù)我上次三份e-mail。33．a(chǎn)nyonepron.任何人用于疑問句和否定句Isthereanyoneintheroom?房間里有人嗎?34.appearancen.浮現(xiàn),相貌相應(yīng)名詞:appear反義詞:disappearShemadeherfinalappearanceonthescreen.她最后一次出當前銀幕上。35、arguevi.辯論,爭辯arguewithsb.和某人爭辯Ilovepeaceanddonotliketoarguewithothers.我喜歡安靜不喜歡和別人爭辯。36、arrivevi.到達arriveat/in,getto,reachaplace到達某地arriveinBeijing,arriveatthestation,reachthestation,gettothestation,gethere/there/homearrivaln.到達timeofarrival到達時間Whenwearrived,thefilmhadbeenonfor10minutes.當我們到達時候。電影已經(jīng)放映10分鐘了。37、asleepadj.睡著fallasleep入睡Hewastootired,sohefellfastasleep.她太累了,不久就入睡了。sleepvi./n.睡覺gotosleep,getenoughsleepAfterbreakfast,Iwanttogotosleep.吃完早飯后,我想去睡覺。Idon’tgetenoughsleep.Ifeelsleepyinclass.我沒有足夠睡眠,我課堂上感到想睡覺。sleepyadj.欲睡,困倦feelsleepy感到困倦38、attentionn.注意,專心payattentionto注意YoushouldpayattentiontoyourspokenEnglish.你應(yīng)當注意你口語。39、awakeadj.醒著反義詞:asleepSuzywasstillawakeat12o’clocklastnight.Suzy昨晚12點依然醒著。40、awardn.獎,獎品,獎金近義詞:prizetheGrade7MostHelpfulStudentAward七年級最佳樂于助人學(xué)生獎BeijingMusuicAwards北京音樂獎Bbadlyadv.拙劣地,糟糕地,嚴重地比較級\最高檔worse\worstOurteamplayedbadlyatfirstbutgotbetterinthesecondhalf.我們隊伍開始打糟糕,但下半場打好些。Hisgrandfatherisbadlyill.她爺爺病得很嚴重beautyn.美,美麗Walkslowlyaroundthelakeandfeelthebeautyoftheoldpark.慢慢沿著湖邊散步,會感受到這個古老公園美麗。WhenHepburndiedin1993,theworldmournedthelossofagreatbeauty,agreatactressandagreathumanitarian.當Hepburn在1993年去世時,整個世界都在哀悼一位美女、偉大女演員和慈善家拜別。beautifuladj.美麗beautifullyadv.Ourhometownisabeautifulandquietplace.我們故鄉(xiāng)是一種美麗而安靜地方。becomevi.成為,變得becamebecomeIwanttobecomeafamoussingerandtravelaroundtheworldinthefuture.我想將來成為一種知名歌手并且環(huán)游全世界。Nanjingisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.南京正變得越來越美麗。4、begin/startvi./vt.開始begin/starttodosth./doingsth.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewassixyearsold.當她6歲時就開始學(xué)英語。beginningn.開始,起初beganbegunatthebeginningof在…開始Atthebeginningoftheclass,wesanganEnglishsong.在這堂課開始時,我們唱了一首英文歌。5.betweenpron.兩者之間between...andamong三者或以上Hewillcomebetween5p.mand7p.m.她將在5點到7點之間來。6、birthn.出生,誕生dateofbirth出生日期atbirth出生時birthday生日NextSundayismytwelfthbirthday.下周日是我12歲生日。7、boringadj.乏味,無聊,令人乏味feelboredadj.感到無聊MrBlack’sclassisboring.Weallfeelboredinhisclass.MrBlack上課枯燥,我們在她課上都感到乏味。ThetriptotheWorldParkwasboring.Weallfeltboredontheway.去世界公園旅行令人乏味,在路上我們都感到乏味。8、borrowvt.(向某人)借用,借borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物lendvt.借給lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人Excuseme,canIborrowabikefromyou?/CanIborrowyourbike?我能借你自行車嗎?IlentmyEnglishbooktoKateyesterday.昨天我把我英語書借給Kate了。keep借多長時間Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks.這本書你可以借2周。9、bothpron./adj.兩者,雙方,兩者,雙方neither兩者都不either兩者中一種PeterandIarebothstudents.Pete和我都是學(xué)生。PeterandIbothloveplayingfootball.Pete和我都喜歡踢足球。Bothofusloveplayingfootball.BothheandIarehard-working.HeknowsbothEnglishandFrench.all(三者或三者以上)都none(三者或三者以上)都不Allofusarestudents.Weareallstudents.我們都是學(xué)生。WeallworkhardatEnglish.我們都努力學(xué)英語10.breadn.不可數(shù)名詞Iamnotfull,Iwanttwomorepiecesofbread.我沒吃飽,我還想要兩快面包。11、breathn.呼吸outofbreath上氣不接下氣breathevt./vi.呼吸breatheheavily呼吸急促

Danielarrivedoutofbreathbecausehemissedtheearlybus.Daniel上氣不接下氣趕到,由于她錯過早班車。Awitnessreportedthathewasbreathingheavilyandhadbloodonhisshirt.一種證人報告說她呼吸急促,襯衫上有血。12、bridgen.橋Thereisawoodenbridgeovertheriver.有一座木橋橫跨這條河。goacrossthebridge/crossthebridge/walkoverthebridge過橋13、brightadj.明亮,聰穎Myclassroomisverybright.我教室非常明亮。Heisabright/smart/cleverboy.她是一種聰穎男孩。14、bringvt.帶來,拿來broughttakevt.拿走tooktakenTaketheseoldchairsaway,andbringthenewoneshere.把這些舊椅子拿走,帶某些新椅子來。Remembertobringyourhomeworkheretomorrow.記得明天把你作業(yè)帶來。It’srainingoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyouwhenyougoout.外面正下雨。當你出去時候,請帶一把傘。15、buildvt.建造,建筑builtbuildingn.建筑物,樓房Weshouldbuildmorereservesforgiantpandas.我們應(yīng)當為大熊貓建立更多保護區(qū)。Mostofusliveintallbuildings.我們中絕大某些住在高樓里。16、burnvt.燒傷,燒ThefireburnedZhangHua’sneck,arms,andface.火燒傷了張華脖子、胳膊和臉。17、busyadj.忙,忙碌bebusywith/doingsth.忙于做某事businessn.公司,商行,工廠Thestudentsareverybusythesedays.學(xué)生這些天非常忙。Theywerebusywith/doingtheirhomeworkatthattime.她們那個時候忙于做作業(yè)。Wegetlotsofsupportfromlocalbusinesses.我們從本地公司得到許多支持。18、buyvt.買buysb.sth./buysth.forsb.boughtboughtMyfatherboughtmeanewbikeyesterday./Myfatherboughtanewbikeformeyesterday.我爸爸昨天為我買了倆自行車。sellvt.賣,出售soldsoldHunterswillmakealotofmoneyiftheysellelephants’tusks.獵人通過賣象牙來賺錢。19、byprep.通過,靠,用(表達通過某種方式)bybus/bike/plane/air/train/ship/sea/underground/boatbydoingsth.NowwecantakeanundergroundtothecentreofNanjing.NowwecangotothecentreofNanjingbyunderground.當前我們可以乘地鐵到南京市中心。Wegotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Weridebikestoschooleveryday.我們每天騎自行車上學(xué)。Shewantedtoremindusthatweshouldprotecttheenvironmentbyshowingusthebeautyofnature.她想通過向我們展示大自然美來提示我們應(yīng)當保護環(huán)境。Ccallvt.把……叫做/給命名WecallhimTom.TheboyiscalledTom.這個男孩名叫TomThereisaboycalledTominmyclass.\Jerryiscallingthepoliceforhelp.在我班上有一種名叫Tom男孩。Jerry在打電話給警察謀求協(xié)助。calmvi.安靜下來,鎮(zhèn)定下來adj.安靜calmdown靜下來Somecolourslikeblueandwhitemakeuscalmandpeaceful.藍色和白色等顏色使我們安靜。Weshouldcalmdownwhentheearthquakehappens.本地震發(fā)生時,我們應(yīng)當鎮(zhèn)定。cameln.駱駝Acamelisausefulanimal.駱駝是有用動物。cameran.照相機/攝象機Weusuallytakephotoswithcameras.我們用照相機照相。candlen.蠟燭Youcanputcandlesintopumpkinstomakelanterns.你可以把蠟燭放在南瓜里來制作燈籠。candyn.糖果AtHalloween,wecaneatalotofchocolatesandcandies.在萬圣節(jié),我們吃巧克力和糖果。capitaln.首都thecapitalof…首都(省會)WashingtonDCisthecapitaloftheUSA.華盛頓特區(qū)是美國首都。NanjingisthecapitalofJiangsu.南京是江蘇省會。carev.介意,在乎Idon’tcareaboutmoney.我不在乎錢carefuladj.小心Becarefulwithfire,please.請小心火。carefullyadv.小心地,仔細地,認真地Listencarefullyinclass.carelessadj.粗心Tomisacarelessboy,heoftendoeshishomeworkcarelessly.Tom是一種粗心男孩,她經(jīng)常做作業(yè)粗心。carelesslyadv.粗心地carrotn.胡蘿卜Rabbitsliketoeatcarrots.兔子喜歡吃胡蘿卜。carryvt.搬運,運送,攜帶carryonwith\doingsth執(zhí)行、進展Iwantyoutocarryallthebagsforme.我想要你幫我搬運所有袋子。cartoonn.卡通片,動畫片TomandJerryismyson’sfavoritecartoon.TomandJerry是我兒子最愛慕動畫片。casen.病歷,案例Somepeoplecan’tseethings,theyareblind.Butmostofthecasescanbecured.某些人不能看到東西,她們是盲人,但是大某些病例可以被治愈。catchvt.捉住,接住,趕上;染上caughtcatchupwith趕上catchacold感冒其延續(xù)性動詞:haveacoldTheblackcatcaughtamouseyesterdayevening.這只黑貓昨晚捉住一只老鼠。causevt.引起,使發(fā)生n.因素Whatcausestheproblem?什么導(dǎo)致這個問題?centren.中心thecentreof…中心Boysdon’tlikeshoppingcentres.Theylikegoingtotheyouthcentreandthecomputercentre.男孩不喜歡購物中心,她們喜歡去青少年中心和電腦中心。centuryn.世紀,百年Acenturyisahundredyears.一世紀是1。certainadj.確信,無疑certainly固然,行Areyoucertainyoucandealwiththeproblems?你確信你能解決這個問題嗎?Canyouhelpme?Certainly.chancen.機會Ifwestudyhard,everyonehasthechancetogothecollege.如果我們努力學(xué)習,每個人均有機會上大學(xué)。changevt變化,變化n.變化Idon’thaveagoodlifestyle.It’stimeformetochangenow.我沒有一種好生活方式,當前到了我變化時間了。TherehavebeenalotofchangesinSunshineTownovertheseyears.在這幾年陽光鎮(zhèn)有了很大變化。charactern.特點,性格,品質(zhì),人物JayChouisthemaincharacterinthefilm.在這部電影里周杰倫是主角。chatvi./n.聊天,閑談chatwithsb.和某人聊天chattingchattedPeteroftenspendsmuchtimechattingwithhisfriendsontheInternet.Peter經(jīng)?；ㄔS多時間和她朋友在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上聊天。cheapadj.便宜Theshirtistooexpensive.Doyouhaveacheaperone?這條裙子太貴了。你有更便宜嗎?expensive/dearadj.昂貴ThiscoatissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.這件外套太貴了,我買不起。Thepriceofthiscoatishigh\low.checkn.核算,查明Whenwegotothecinema,thereissomeonecheckingtheticketsattheentrance.當我我們?nèi)タ措娪皶r,有人在入口處查票。cheervi.歡呼,喝采cheerfuladj.令人高興,高興Icheeredupforourteam.我為我們隊伍歡呼加油。Heisacheerfulboy.她是個令人高興男孩。childn.孩子Children’sDay小朋友節(jié)I’mthesecondchildofmyfamily.我在我家排行老二。chipn.薯條Howmanychipsdoyouwanttohave?你想要多少薯條?choicen.選取NowIknowhwotomakemychoice.當前我懂得作出我選取。choosevt.選取Therearemanyclothesfordancerstochoosefrom.有許多衣服讓舞蹈者來挑選。choosesbtodosthChristmasn.圣誕節(jié)atChristmas/onChristmasDay在圣誕節(jié)ChristmasisaveryimportantfestivalintheWest.圣誕節(jié)是西方一種非常重要節(jié)日。cineman.電影院gotothecinema去電影院TomorrowisSunday.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?明天是星期天,你想和我去電影院嗎?cityn.都市adj.都市NanjingisthecapitalcityofJiangsu.南京是江蘇省會。clapvt.鼓掌clappingclappedThechildrenallclappedandscreamedwithjoywhentheysawtheirfavoritecharactersinDisneyland.孩子們都高興地鼓掌尖叫當她們在迪斯尼樂園看到她們最愛慕人物。cleanadj.干凈v.打掃Mike’sbedroomlooksascleanasnew.Mike臥室和新同樣新。Wecleanourclassroomeverymorning.我們每天早上打掃我們教室。clearlyadv清晰地Icannotseetheblackboardclearly,Ineedtowearglasses.我不能清晰地看到黑板,我需要戴眼鏡。cleveradj.聰穎,伶俐beclever\brightat在……很聰穎Tomiscleveratmath.Tom數(shù)學(xué)較好。climbvt.爬,攀登climber攀登者Madeeusuallyclimbsaladdertogetintoherhouse.Madee普通要爬梯子進入她房子。clonevt./n.克隆DavidisveryinterestedinDolly,thefirstclonedsheep.David對第一只克隆綿羊非常感興趣。cloudn.云cloudyadj.多云It’ssunnytoday.Thereisnocloudinthesky.今天是晴天,天空中沒有云。What’stheweatherliketoday?It’scloudy.今每天氣如何啊?多云。coachn.客車,教練Werantotheparkassoonaswegotoffthecoach.我一從下車就朝公園跑去。coinn.硬幣MrZhang’sfive-year-oldsonspreadthecoinsalloverthefloor.Itmadehimveryangry.張先生5歲兒子把硬幣撒滿了地板,這使得她很氣憤。collectvt.收集Doyoulikecollectingstamps?你喜歡集郵嗎?collegen.大學(xué),學(xué)院Wehaven’tmetsincewegraduatedfromcollege.自從我們大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,我們沒有見過面。comeon來吧,快點,得了吧Comeon,wehavenotime.快點,我們沒有時間了。comeout出版,發(fā)行,刊登,出來comeoutof從……中出來AneweducationalCD-ROMcalled“AroundtheWorldinEightHours”hasjustcomeout.一種名叫八小時環(huán)游世界教育光盤剛剛出來。comfortableadj.舒服,舒服uncomfortable不舒服Cottonclothesareverycomfortabletowear.棉制衣服穿起來很舒服。communicationn.交流,交際Manyteenagersusuallyhavenocommunicationwiththeirfamilymembers.許多青少年普通不和她們父母交流。comparevt./vi.比較ComparedwithTom,Kateworksharderatschool.和Tom相比,Kate學(xué)習更認真。completevt.完畢I’maGrade9studentnow.Ioftenstayuplatetocompletemyhomework.我當前是九年級學(xué)生了,我經(jīng)常熬夜去完畢家庭作業(yè)。concertn.音樂會giveaconcert舉辦音樂會Ifyousendtextmessagesto1396,youcouldwintwofreeconcerttickets.如果你發(fā)送信息到1396,你就可以得到2張免費音樂會門票。conferencen.會議Theconferencehasbeenoverfor10minutes,這個會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束10分鐘了。connectvt.連接connect…to/with…把…和…連接beconnectedto/with被連接到…Youcanconnecttheprintertothecomputer.你可以把打印機連接到電腦上。considervt.以為,考慮GongLiisconsideredasagreatactress.鞏俐被以為是一位偉大女演員。controlvt.控制,支配underthecontrolof在…控制下outofcontrol失去控制Thecarwasoutofcontrolandithitabigtreelastnight.昨晚,這輛小汽車失去控制,撞上一棵大樹。cookvt.烹飪,煮n.廚師cookingn.Ilikecookingdeliciousfood.SoIwanttobeacookwhenIgrowup.我喜歡烹飪美味食物。因而當我長大我想成為一名廚師。cooladj.酷,涼快Theboylookscoolinthenewjacket.這個小男孩穿這件夾克看上去酷。It’scoolinautumn.秋天涼快。copyn.一本副本vt.抄寫,復(fù)制,復(fù)印,抄襲Ifyougotothecarshow,youwillgetacopyofthecarmagazine.如果你去車展,你將得到一本汽車雜志。Theteacherasksustodoourhomeworkbyourselvesandnottocopyothers’.教師叫我們自己做作業(yè),不要抄別人。cornern.角落,拐角at/inthecornerof…在……拐角Thereisabookshopatthecornerofthestreet.在街拐角處有一家書店。costvt.值(多少錢,耗費/vi費用,價格sthcostssbmoney某物耗費某人多少錢/Itcostssbmoneytodosth耗費某人錢去做某事payfor/spend…(in)doingsth/onsth.Thebookcostmetenyuan.Itcostmetenyuantobuythebook.Ispenttenyuanon/buying/inbuyingthebook.Ipaidtenyuanforthebook.我花了10元買了這本書。cottonn.棉,棉花,棉布silk絲wool羊毛fur皮毛TheT-shirtismadeofcotton.這個T恤是棉制。TheT-shirtsmadeofcottonareverycomfortable.這個棉制T恤非常舒服。countvt.數(shù),點數(shù)The2-year-oldboyisverybright.Hecancountfrom1to100.這個2歲男孩非常聰穎,她能從1數(shù)到100.discountn.打折,折扣Thereisadiscountonlastyear’sChristmascards.去年圣誕卡片打折。countryadj./n.國故鄉(xiāng)村()countrypark鄉(xiāng)村公園Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我們國家正變得越來越強大。countrysiden.鄉(xiāng)村,農(nóng)村Thereislessairpollutioninthecountrysidethaninthecity.農(nóng)村污染比都市小。couragen.勇氣IfailedintheEnglishtest.Ihavenocouragetotellmyparentsaboutit.英語考試失敗了,我沒有勇氣告訴我父媽媽。encouragesbtodosth.勉勵某人做某事Weshouldencouragefarmerstoleavethegiantpandareserves.我們應(yīng)當勉勵農(nóng)民離開大熊貓保護區(qū)。coursen.課程ofcourse固然,可以DailyEnglishisanewEnglishcoursefromAmerica.每日英語是來自美國一種新英語教學(xué)課程。63.covervt覆蓋,涉及,報道becoveredwith…被……覆蓋becoveredlive直播ItsnowedheavilyinFebruaryin,everythingwascoveredwithheavysnow.2月份雪下很大,萬物都被雪覆蓋。Thisyear’sBeijingMusicAwardswillbecoveredlive.今年北京音樂頒獎典禮將現(xiàn)場直播。64.crazyadj.著迷,狂熱becrazyabout…癡迷于……Tomiscrazyaboutfootball.Whenhecan’tfindafootball,heoftenkicksastoneoracan.Tom對足球狂熱,當她找不到足球時候,她就經(jīng)常踢65.createvt.創(chuàng)立ThomasEdisioncreatedalabtodotheexperiments.愛迪生創(chuàng)立了一種實驗室來做實驗。相應(yīng)形容詞:creativeacreativeleader一種有創(chuàng)造力領(lǐng)導(dǎo).66.crowdedadj.擁擠becrowdedwith…被……擁擠Theearthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandpolluted,maybewecanmovetotheMarsoneday.地球變得越來越擁擠,污染越來越嚴重,或許將來我們要移到火星上。67.crueladj.殘酷,冷酷Thecruelmankilledaboywithagun.這個冷酷用槍殺了一種男孩。68.cryvi.哭喊Thelittlegirllostherwayandcriedonthestreet.這個小女孩迷路了,在街上哭。69.cupn.獎杯TheWorldCupisheldeveryfouryears.世界杯每4年舉辦一次。70.curevt.治愈Manycasesofblindnesscanbecured.許多失明病例可以被治愈Ddailyadj.尋常,每日weekly每一周everydayadj.尋常ChinadailyisaverypopularEnglishnewspaperinChina.中華人民共和國日報是一份在中華人民共和國非常受歡迎英文報紙。dangern.危險dangerousadj.危險indanger處在危險中outofdanger脫離危險insafetysafeadj.安全endangered瀕臨滅絕Itisdangeroustoplaywithfire.玩火危險。Whenpeopleareindanger,weshouldhelpthem.當人們處在危險時候,我們應(yīng)當協(xié)助她們。darkadj.深色,黑色brown棕色blonde金色Chinesepeoplehavedarkhair.中華人民共和國人有黑色頭發(fā)。daten.日期Whatisthedatetoday?今天是幾月幾日?dayn.(一)天(一)日Whatafineday!真好一天!Therearesevendaysinaweek.一周有７天。daylightn日光,白晝inthedaytime在白天dealvi.解決,應(yīng)付dealwith/dowithIdon’tknowhowtodealwiththematter.Idon’tknowwhattodowiththematter.我不懂得如何解決這件事。deathn.死,死亡diev.死亡deadadj.死亡loseone’slife喪命,死亡Mydogdiedtwodaysago.我狗２天前死了。Mydoghasbeendeadfortwodays.我狗死了有２天了。Thedeathofmylittledogmademeverysad.我小狗死使我很傷心。Decembern十二月December25thisChristmasDay.１２月２５日是圣誕節(jié)。decidevt./vi.決定decidetodosth決定做某事decisionn.決定makeadecision作決定IhavedecidedtogotoHainanforaholiday.我決定去海南度假。Wearingredcanhelpyouwhenyouarehavingdifficultymakingadecision.當你很難做決定期,穿紅色可以協(xié)助你。deepadj.深,深厚adv深深,在深處Theriverisnotdeep,youcanwalkthroughit.這條河不深,你可以走過去。developvt./vi開發(fā),發(fā)展developedcountry發(fā)達國家developingcountry發(fā)展中華人民共和國家developmentn發(fā)展ThescientistsaredevelopingakindofplanttogrowonMars.科學(xué)家正在哺育一種可以在火星上種植植物。devotevt.獻身于,致力于devote…todoingsth致力于做某事AudreyHephurndevotedmuchofhertimetocharity.AudreyHephurn把她大某些時間花在慈善事業(yè)上。diaryn日記keepadiary記日記Keepingdiariesisagoodhabit.記日記是一種好習慣。dictionaryn.字典YesterdayLilyboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.昨天Lily買了一本英中文典。differencen.差別,不同differentadj.bedifferentfrom與…不同TheweatherinBeijingisverydifferentfromthatinNanjing.北京氣候和南京不同。LilyandLucyaretwinsisters,itisnoteasytotellthedifferencesbetweenthem.Lily和Lucy是雙胞胎姐妹。不容易分清她們倆不同點。difficultadj.困難difficultyn困難hardadj.困難havedifficultydoingsth在做某事方面有困難Itisdifficulttoworkoutthemathproblem.算出這個數(shù)學(xué)問題不容易。dinnern正餐,宴會Ioftenhavedinneratmygrandparents’home.我經(jīng)常在我爺爺奶奶家吃晚飯。directionn.方向inalldirections各個方向Therobbersranawayinalldirectionswhenthepolicemenappeared.當警察浮現(xiàn)時候,劫匪到處逃散。directorn.導(dǎo)演directvt.執(zhí)導(dǎo)ZhangYimouisafamousChinesedirector.張藝謨是一位知名導(dǎo)演。dirtyadj.臟clean干凈(反義詞)Theboyissodirtythatnobodywantstoplaywithhim.這個男孩如此臟以至于沒有人想和她玩。disappearvi.消失appear浮現(xiàn)(反義詞)appearancen.浮現(xiàn),外貌Tigersaredisappearingfasterthanpandas.老虎滅絕速度比熊貓快。discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)Let’sdiscoverhowthepowerofcolourcanchangeyourmoods!讓我們發(fā)現(xiàn)顏色力量是如何變化我們情緒。discussionn.討論discussvt.討論Theprogrammewillstartwithadiscussionabouttheanimals.這個節(jié)目以一種關(guān)于動物討論開始。Theyarediscussingabouttheproblemwiththeteachers.她們正在和教師討論這個問題。dislikevt.不喜歡,討厭,厭惡n.厭惡對象hate憎恨Milliedislikesbananas.Sheeatsveryfewofthem.Millie不喜歡香蕉,她很少吃香蕉。disturbvt.打擾,擾亂MycousinalwaysmakesalotofnoiseanddisturbsmewhenI’mstudying.當我在學(xué)習時候,我表弟總是發(fā)出噪音打擾我。dividevi./vt.劃分divide…into…把…提成…bedividedinto……被提成…Ayearisdividedintofourseasons.一年分為四個季節(jié)。doubtvt./n.懷疑Ioftendoubtwhetheritisworthworkingsohard.我經(jīng)常懷疑如此努力工作與否值得。downadv.向下prep.沿…而下putdown放下takedown取下liedown躺下calmdown安靜下來Godown/alongtheroad,youwillfindthepostofficeattheendofit.沿著這條路走,你會在路盡頭找到那個郵局。drawingn.繪畫Heisgoodatdrawing.Hecandrawverywell.她擅長繪畫,她可以畫地較好。dreamadj.夢想n.夢vt.做夢,夢見inthedream在夢中dreamabout夢見Manystudentsdreamofbecomingsingersinthefuture.許多學(xué)生夢想將來成為歌手。Hehadaverystrangedreamlastnight.她昨晚做了一種奇怪夢。dressvt.給…穿衣服n.服裝dressupas裝扮成辨析:dresssb給某人穿衣服wear穿著,表狀態(tài)puton穿上,強調(diào)動作Hoboisdressingupasaghost.Hobo裝扮成鬼。Theboyi