外研版八年級(jí)上英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

動(dòng)詞詞組writedown寫(xiě)下，記下makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤,helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助別人helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事withone'shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助helponeselftosth.請(qǐng)自用食物remembertodosth.記得要做某事，未做事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事giveyousomeadvice給你一些建議follow/takeone'sadvice采用別人的建議sendfor派人去請(qǐng)/取sendup發(fā)射enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人錢(qián)pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付錢(qián)askfor請(qǐng)求，要asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事placesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面takeadeepbreath深呼吸c(diǎn)atch\holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸outofbreath上氣不接下氣invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣trytodosth.盡力做事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trynottodosth.盡力不做某事tryone'sbest盡某人最大的努力,borrowsthfromsb.從某人處借入某物lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借給某人某物practicedoingsth.,練習(xí)做做某事Look：lookfor尋找lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顧lookup向上看，查閱looklike看起來(lái)像lookat看著lookonsb.as把某人看作lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望，期待做某事lookover檢查，翻閱lookout當(dāng)心，向外看lookthrough仔細(xì)查看bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor為…,be(get)readytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂(lè)意做某事takeamessage捎個(gè)信，leaveamessage留個(gè)信，begoodfor對(duì)…有好處，begoodat=dowellin擅長(zhǎng)于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅長(zhǎng)…Thinkof想起thinkabout想出thinkover仔細(xì)考慮makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)hearfromsb收到某人的來(lái)信sayhellotosb.給某人問(wèn)好saybyetosb.向某人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)showsb.aroundsomewhere帶某人參觀某地，learnsthfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)dreamabout夢(mèng)到dreamof夢(mèng)見(jiàn),stayinbed呆在床上stayathome呆在家里walkto=goto…onfoot步行去takeoff脫下，起飛landon/in/at著路cometure實(shí)現(xiàn)sellout賣(mài)光takeaphoto=takephotos照相haveaproblemindoingsth.做某事有困難，workoutaproblem解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題reckon=consider=regard=think考慮，認(rèn)為goabroad,出國(guó)beabroad,在國(guó)外travelabroad,到國(guó)外旅行sellsthatahighprice,以高價(jià)出售，sellsthatalowprice,以低價(jià)出售arriveat(小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=getto,到達(dá)foravisit參觀,payavisitto,拜訪befamousfor因...面著名(原因),befamousas以...身份或產(chǎn)地而著名benamedafter以...的名字命名beproudof以....自豪beuptosb.由某人決定dropoutofschool,綴學(xué)takepartin,參加geton/alongwithsb,與...相處,getonwellwithsb.與...相處融洽getonbadlywith,與...相處不好getaneducation接受教育belongto,屬于takesb.around帶人四處走走goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事,goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事,dieof患..而死,常接hunger,cold,illness,cancer內(nèi)部原因,diefrom由于..,而死,常接awound,anaccident,carelessness外部原因,learntodosth學(xué)做某事,learnfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí),Learn...byheart熟記,背誦,learnone'slessonfrom...從...中吸取教訓(xùn),givein投降giveupdoingsth放棄giveout分發(fā)giveawayto對(duì)...讓步smileatsb.朝著某人微笑laughatsb.嘲笑某人fallinto,掉進(jìn),跌入falloff掉下fallbehind,落后,跟不上fallinlovewith,愛(ài)上becareful,小心beon上演havenothingtodo沒(méi)事可做happentodosth.碰巧做某事wearout穿壞,穿舊,用壞,cheerup使振奮;使興奮,havesomethingtodo有事可做,havesomethingtoeat有可吃的東西,havenothingtodrink沒(méi)有什么喝的東西feeltired感到疲勞betired=gettired名詞詞組newterm新學(xué)期nextterm下學(xué)學(xué)期apieceofadvice一條建議everydayEnglish日常英語(yǔ)firstprice一等獎(jiǎng)spacestation在太空站Themostexcitingexperience最激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷noproblem沒(méi)問(wèn)題oneday,某一天，（過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)）someday某一天（將來(lái)）thelastestnews,最新消息somethingwrongwith...,出了毛病,lieinbed躺在床上,jumpoutof從...跳出來(lái),onone'swaytosomeplace,在某人去某地的路上onone'swayhome在某人回家的路上,from....to,從...到....(動(dòng)詞+Ving)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)aroundtheworld=allovertheworld全世界attheend在結(jié)束時(shí)attheendof在…盡頭/結(jié)尾bytheendof到…末為止intheend=finally，最后，終于，justnow=amomentago用于過(guò)去時(shí)attaht/thistime在那/這時(shí)onbusiness出差,因...公事inthesky=intheair在天空中byair=byplane坐飛機(jī),infact實(shí)際上ingood/badhealth身體健康/不健康,withthehelpofsb.=wihtsb'shelp在別人的幫助下withoutthehelpofsb.無(wú)人幫attheageof=whensb.was...yearsold,在...歲的時(shí)候inadditionto=besides除...以外onone'sown獨(dú)自bytheway,順便說(shuō)inatree=inthetree,在樹(shù)上(外來(lái)物)onatree=onthetree,在樹(shù)上,(樹(shù)本身的)數(shù)詞lotsof=alotof=anumberof=many(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))much(不可數(shù))許多thenumberof…的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單morethan,=over,多于lessthan,少于mostof....的大多數(shù)形容詞differentkindsof=allkindsof不同種類(lèi)的，各種各樣的，句型howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么樣howoften隔多久一次whynot為什么不whatelse?=whatotherthings?還有什么Howisitgoing?=Howareyougettingon/along?近況如何?Whathappenedtosb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事？Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人時(shí)間itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.寫(xiě)性格，品質(zhì) kind建議：1.whydon'tyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Don'tforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Let'sdosth.8.It'sagoodideatodo9.wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.You'dbetter(not)dosth.回答：That'sagoodidea.Thanksalot.Great,OK.That'sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.what'sthepriceof…=howmuchis…問(wèn)價(jià)格havebeento去過(guò)（現(xiàn)在不在那兒）,havegoneto去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話(huà)地）such+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞=so+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞(名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little屬特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)四個(gè)也：also,肯定，行前be后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；aswell,肯定，句末。as...as....和....一樣notas...as..=notso...as不如,so...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to轉(zhuǎn)換,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(forsb)todosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.=likedoingsthbetterthandoingsth更喜歡做某事,preferto更喜歡...prefertodosthratherthandosth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事,none用于三個(gè)以上的全否定，反義為all；neither兩個(gè)都不，反義為both,inthelast+一段時(shí)間,inthpast+一段時(shí)間intherecent+一段時(shí)間,這三個(gè)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動(dòng)詞：buy--haveopen--beopenjoin--beinborrow--keepdie---bedeadleave--beawaycomehere---beheregothere--betherebegin--beonfinish--beovermakefriends--befriendsgetready--bereadybuy--get/havearrive/getto/reach/come--bein\beat/stay,puton--haveon/weargetup--beup可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以與for或since連用，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式也可以和for/since連用.onearth,究竟，到底，可用在when,what,who,where,how,which,why等之后，相當(dāng)于intheworld,用在否定句中相當(dāng)于not...atall；notonly....butalso..不僅..而且(就近原則)上neither....nor既不....又不,就近原則both....and既....又.....就近原則either...or要么....要么.therebe,notonly...butalso就近原則,,反意疑問(wèn)句:先斷"定",判斷是否定或肯定.如有not,never,few,little,hardly,no,nobody,seldom,nothing等詞,則是否定,后面該用肯定.后找"動(dòng)",觀察前面的動(dòng)詞,若含有或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接用,若為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形,用do,三單用does,過(guò)去式用did,hadbetter用had換代,主語(yǔ)定代詞,三單用he,she,it,復(fù)用theywe;somebody,nobody類(lèi)似的用they,和thing一起的用肯定祈使句，反問(wèn)句部分可用willyou/won'tyou？否定祈使句，用willyou？Let's...用shallwe?letus....用willyou?,在think,believe,suppose+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，疑問(wèn)句部分與從句保持一致，同時(shí)主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中;但第二，三人稱(chēng)與主句保持一致：Idon'tthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou?/Hedoesn'tthinkyouhavedoneit,doeshe?即：當(dāng)主句人稱(chēng)是一，從句是二時(shí)，看二；當(dāng)主句是三時(shí)，就看三?；卮鹬会槍?duì)事實(shí)作答;Yes+肯定,No+否定過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和atthattime,at點(diǎn)yesterday,then,lastnight,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning,whenIarrived