2019年高考英語改錯解題技巧及習(xí)題含答案

高考英語：改錯題解題技巧一、命題特點短文改錯的語言材料通常是考生的文章或類似于考生習(xí)作的文章。所選材料篇幅較短，約100個單詞，10-12個句子；難度不大，基本上無生僻的詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。短文改錯的錯誤類型有多詞、缺詞和錯詞三種，在文章的10個錯誤中，其比例一般為1:1:8，即1個多詞、1個缺詞和8個錯詞。二、設(shè)題特點短文改錯的設(shè)題通常從三個方面入手：詞法錯誤、句法錯誤和行文邏輯錯誤。.詞法錯誤錯誤類型通常有以下幾種：冠詞使用不當(dāng)，名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤，形容詞與副詞的混用，代詞的誤用，介詞的誤用等。（1）冠詞使用不當(dāng)。不定冠詞a和an混用，不定冠詞a和an和定冠詞the混用，不定冠詞多余或缺失。習(xí)題：.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday..IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.（2）名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤。錯誤類型：復(fù)數(shù)錯用成了單數(shù)，單數(shù)錯用成了復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞用了復(fù)數(shù)形式。習(xí)題：Momhasafull-timejob,butshehastodomostofthehouseworks.（3）形容詞、副詞。主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用以及其比較級和最高級的誤用等。習(xí)題：Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.（4）代詞的誤用：考查各類代詞的用法，錯題類型涉及多詞、缺詞和錯詞三種。習(xí)題：Fiveminuteslater,Tonysawparents.（5）介詞的誤用：此類改錯題主要考查介詞的意義、用法及固定搭配。涉及動詞時，如果動詞是及物動詞，其后直接接賓語，不需要介詞，如果其后有介詞，那這個介詞就是多余的；而不及物動詞不可以直接接賓語，如果接賓語需借助恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如果缺少了這個介詞，就會出現(xiàn)錯誤。及物動詞：see,watch,eat,drink,do,take,beat,buy,cut,carry,drive,fry,give,hit,kick,lend,make,open,read,study,try,use,wash不及物動詞：100k,wait,cry,smile,laugh,go,come習(xí)題：Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.2.句法錯誤句法錯誤的主要類型是：動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的錯誤；非謂語動詞使用錯誤;主謂一致錯誤；名詞性從句中連詞的誤用；定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用等。這類錯誤通常與句子成分的分析緊密相關(guān)，所以難度較大。(1)動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤。近幾年主要考點為一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的混用。一般來說，短文改錯中必有一個時態(tài)錯誤。習(xí)題：Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2)非謂語動詞使用錯誤。該錯誤類型主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：動詞不定式的符號to贅余或殘缺，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的混用等。習(xí)題：We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(3)主謂一致錯誤。主謂一致錯誤類型主要是：主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，而謂語使用了單數(shù)形式；或者是主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語使用了復(fù)數(shù)形式。習(xí)題：Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.(4)主從句連詞誤用。a.狀語從句類別 連詞地點狀語從句 where,wherever時間狀語從句 when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,once,as,soonas,etc.原因狀語從句 because,since,as,for,nowthat,etc.目的狀語從句 inorderthat,sothat,that,etc.結(jié)果狀語從句 so...that,sothat,such...that,that,etc.條件狀語從句 if,unless,as(so)longas,etc.讓步狀語從句 though,although,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,as,etc.比較狀語從句 as…as,so…as,than,etc.方式狀語從句 as,asif,asthough,etc.b.定語從句的連詞：關(guān)系代詞：that,which,whose,who(m)關(guān)系副詞：when,where,whyC.名詞性從句的連詞：從屬連詞：that,whether,if連接代詞：what,who(m),which,whose,who(m)ever,wherever,whichever連接副詞：when,where,why,how習(xí)題：l.Thequestioniswhattheyhavesignedthecontract.Hefailedintheexammadehisparentsdisappointed.ThisisthebestmoviewhichIhavewatchedthisyears.Thisisabookwhichcoverisgreen.3.行文邏輯錯誤改錯的過程中，如果詞法和句法均沒有錯誤，則須從行文邏輯來判斷句子的合理性。行文邏輯錯誤常見的有代詞的指代錯誤，連詞的邏輯意義錯誤等。（1）代詞的指代錯誤。帶刺的指代錯誤常見的是代詞的指代對象、單復(fù)數(shù)及代詞的格與文章的邏輯意義不一致，此外還有反身代詞的錯用。習(xí)題：Everytimehearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we,dgreetheratthedoor.（2）連詞的邏輯意義錯誤。習(xí)題：Infact,Idon,tliketogoanymore,soI,mafraidI,lllosetheirfriendship.改錯練習(xí)：一、單句改錯NowpeoplegetalotofinformationsfromTVGermanisaEuropeancountry.Theydidn,twantmetodoanyworkatfamily.YesterdayImetanoldfriendofmyfather.Boysandgirls,don'tlosehearts.Dobetternexttime.Theyareofdifferentsize.Itissobeautifulplacethatyoumustvisitit.Whataterribleweatherwehavebeenhaving!IttookplaceinFrance,anEuropeancountry.SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.Whatgoodtimewehadlastnight!Weshallspendthree-dayholidaytogether.Icametounderstandthatwasnoteasytoearnmoney.Someparentsthinkuselessforgirlstogotoschool.Whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplace.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.It,simportantthatweshouldthinkoverbeforedoinganything.Thetruckwasmovingsofastthatthedrivercouldn,tcontrol.Iapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.Wemusttakepartinthesocialpracticetoprepareuswellforourfuture.Testone:Asweallknow,travellingcanbeanexcitedexperience.Letmegiveyousomeadvicesthatyouhavetopayattention.YoucanfindoutmoreaboutyourdestinationbysurftheInternetbeforeyousetout.Youneedn,ttaketoomanycash.Sinceitcanbeveryconvenienttopayincash,usingchequesismuchmorereliable.Inadditional,itwillbewiseofyoutotakeanumbrellaincaseofitshouldrain.Andifyouaretotravelabroad,you,dbetterunderstandtheculturaldiversity.Keepitinmindthatbeingpolitelyinforeigncountriescanhelpyouhadawonderfultrip.Testtwo:MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.Testthree:Failureispartofourlife.Somebodyhaseverachievedgreatsuccesswithoutlotsoffailures.Oneexperienceleftlastingimpressiononme.I,vebeenfondofplayingthepianosincemychildhood.LastyeartherewasapianocompetitionforteenagerinmycityandItakepartinit.Icouldn'twaittoshowoff.Thedayfinallycame.However,whenIwasonthestageIwasverynervousthatImadeseveralmistakeswhileplaying.Myperformancewasacompletelyfailure!ItwasonlyafterthecompetitionwhenIrealizedmyfailureresultedinmylackofpractice.Fromthenon,IdevotedmoretimetoplaythepianobecauseIfirmlybelievethatpracticemakeperfect.TestFour:I,mgladtohearfromyou.NowI,lltellyousomethingaboutmyafter-schoolactivities.Wehadmanyinterestgroups,suchasEnglish,maths,computer,science,singingordancing.Wealsohaveabandandsomesportsteam.Studentscanbemembersofanygroupaccordingtheirinterest.Everyday,weenjoyourselvesbytakingapartinallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.ThemostpopularonesisballgamesandtheEnglishcorner.MoreandmorestudentskeepcometotheEnglishcornerbecausetheyfindofgreathelptotheirEnglishstudy.I,mlookingforwardtoreceivingyourlettersooner.TestFive:Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor,sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turningleft!”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.

單句改錯:1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;father-father's;h€heats；6-10size-sizes;aplace;刪除a;an-a;刪除a11-15agoodtime;athree-day;that后力口it;think后力口it;them-it;16-20showed后力口it;think后力口it;control后力口it;me-myself;us-ourselves;Testone:1.exci