高中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

TheSubjunctiveMood第一頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。1虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1〕概念

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件(tiáojiàn)，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。2〕在條件句中的應(yīng)用

條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大(bùdà)的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第二頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。21真實(shí)條件句

真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況(qíngkuàng)可能發(fā)生，其中if是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系

句型：條件從句主句

一般現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形

Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)(jiānglái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第三頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。3注意：

1〕在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示將來(lái)，該用shall,will.

(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.

(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.

2〕表示真理(zhēnlǐ)時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。第四頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。42非真實(shí)條件句

1〕時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)和將來(lái)的情況。它的根本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。

句型：條件從句主句

一般過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)(shìshí)相反的假設(shè)。

句型：條件從句主句

過(guò)去完成時(shí)should(would)have+過(guò)去分詞Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.

IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.第五頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。5Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含義(hányì)：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含義(hányì)：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示(biǎoshì)對(duì)將來(lái)的假想

句型：條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)should+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式would+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形第六頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。6Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.

Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.3混合條件句

主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.〔從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)(shìshí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)(shìshí)相反。〕Ifithadrainedlastnight(過(guò)去(guòqù)),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).第七頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。74虛擬條件句的倒裝

虛擬條件句的從句局部如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略(shěnglüè)，再把were,should或had移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Ifitweretorain,thecropswouldbesaved.第八頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。8注意(zhùyì)：

在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞'be'的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.

如果(rúguǒ)我是你，就會(huì)去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.

如果(rúguǒ)他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題

_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞主語(yǔ)提前,變成were,should,had+主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說(shuō)WereInottodo.,而不能說(shuō)Weren'tItodo.第九頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。95特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞：should

1〕Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。句型(jùxínɡ)：

(1)suggested

Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do

(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strange

apity,ashame,nowonder.(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.第十頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。102〕在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用

在表示命令、建議、要求(yāoqiú)等一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意(běnyì)"暗示、說(shuō)明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.第十一頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。11判斷(pànduàn)改錯(cuò):

Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.

Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.

Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.

Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.〔F〕(T)(F)(T)3〕在表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用(yìngyòng)

在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即〔should〕+動(dòng)詞原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.第十二頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。126wish的用法

1〕用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語(yǔ)(bīnyǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：

真實(shí)狀況wish后

從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)

〔be的過(guò)去式為were〕

從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

〔had+過(guò)去分詞〕

將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來(lái)時(shí)would/could+

動(dòng)詞原形第十三頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。13IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望(xīwàng)和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望(xīwàng)他沒(méi)講那樣的話(huà)。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望(xīwàng)明天下雨就好了。2〕wishtodo表達(dá)法。

wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.第十四頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。147比較ifonly與onlyif

onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly那么表示"如果(rúguǒ)……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有(zhǐyǒu)鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.當(dāng)時(shí)(dàngshí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來(lái).第十五頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。158.Itis(high)timethat

Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.第十六頁(yè)，共19頁(yè)。169need"不必(bùbì)做"和"本不該做"

didn'tneedtodo表示：過(guò)去不必(bùbì)做某事,事實(shí)上也沒(méi)做。.needn'thavedone表示(biǎoshì)：過(guò)