2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學期二模英語試卷

2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三下學期二模英語試卷學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________一、用單詞的適當形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Areexclamationmarksnecessary?!Punctuationissoimportantinwritingthatitisoneofthefirstthingsyoulearninschool.Itisauniversalcodewithdifferentmarkstohelpwiththemeaningof____1____isbeingwritten.Asisknowntous,it____2____indicatetheendofasentence,aquestionor—intheexclamationmark’scase—astrongemotion.Withoutanexclamationmarkinthecorrectplace,awarningroadsignmightread,“Childrenpleasedriveslowly”____3________4____“Children!Pleasedriveslowly”.Anexclamationmarkisavalidformofpunctuation____5____origincanbetracedbacktoa14thcenturyItalianscholar.Theexclamationmarkinformsthereaderthattherearestrongfeelingsinthewords.Althoughitisuptothereader____6____(grasp)exactlywhatthatemotionis,it’sausefulsignal.Also,exclamationmarksonroadsignshelptokeeppeoplesafe.AspunctuationexpertPhilipCowellwrites,“There’sameaningfuldifferencebetween‘duck’and‘duck!’”O(jiān)fcourse,usingthemtoomuch____7____(make)exclamationmarkslosetheirpurposebutthatdoesn’tmeantheyareuseless.However,____8____mattershowpunctuationisused.Somewritersarguethatexclamationmarksarenevertrulynecessary.FamousauthorTerryPratchettwritesthatsomeonewhousesmultipleexclamationmarksislikelytowear“underpantsonhishead”.Perhapsthisisbecausetheyseemshoutyandforced,____9____(give)awayawriter’sneedtotellthereaderhowtoreadasentence.It’s

_____10_____(good)toleavethemoutandletthereaderreacttothewordsontheirownterms.Agoodwritercancreateemotionswithjustwordsandsentences,_____11_____that’sfear,wonderorjoy.Exclamationmarksmakethewriterseemdesperateandcanbetiringtoread.Onewriterdescribedthemas“thecockroachofthepunctuationworld”,meaningtheyareeverywhere,andtheyarepests.二、選用適當?shù)膯卧~或短語補全短文Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．manually

B．a(chǎn)lternative

C．a(chǎn)pproaches

D．trained

E.promise

F.sortingG.categories

H.advanced

I.potentially

J.equivalent

K.anticipating

WillAIbethefirsttodiscoverEToralienlife?FromthehillsofWestVirginiatotheflatsofruralAustralia,someoftheworld’slargesttelescopesarelisteningforsignalsfromdistantaliencivilizations.Thesearchforextraterrestrial(地球外的)intelligence,knownasSETI,isanefforttofindsignalsthatmighthavecomefroma(n)_____12_____civilizationinafar-awaysolarsystem.Machinelearning,asubsetofartificialintelligence(AI),isusedtohelpastronomersquicklyfilterthevastamountsofdata.AsAIreshapesmanyscientificfields,what_____13_____doesitholdforthesearchforlifebeyondEarth?“ItisaneweraforSETIresearchthatisopeningupthankstomachine-learningtechnology,”saysFranckMarchis,aplanetaryastronomerattheSETIInstituteinMountainView,California.Whenitcomestoanalyzingdata,goingthroughmillionsofobservations_____14_____isn’tpractical.Acommon_____15_____methodistousealgorithms(算法)thatlookforsignalsmatchingastronomers’expectation.Butthosealgorithmscanoverlook_____16_____interestingsignalsthatareslightlydifferentfromwhatastronomersareexpecting.WhenitcomestoAI,machine-learningalgorithmsare_____17_____onlargeamountsofdataandcanlearntorecognizetheEarthlyinterference.Thus,itmakesthemverygoodat_____18_____outthenoise.Machinelearningisalsogoodatpickinguptheextraterrestrialsignalsthatdon’tfallintoconventional_____19_____andsomighthavebeenmissedbyearliermethods,saysDanWerthimer,aSETIscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.PeterMa,amathematicianandphysicistattheUniversityofToronto,Canada,agrees.“Wecan’talwaysbe_____20_____whatETmightsendtous,”hesays.Still,SETIwillprobablycontinuetouseamixtureofclassicalandmachine-learning_____21_____toscreenthroughdata,saysJean-LucMargot,anastronomeratUCLA．Classicalalgorithmsremainexcellentatpickingupcandidatesignals,andmachinelearningis“notacure-all”,hesays.“Themachinescan’tdoitall,yet,”agreesWerthimer.三、完形填空Onesummermidnightseveralyearsago,standingoutsideawoodencabininMichiganRiver,Ilookedup.Theskywasfilledwiththousandsofstars,thesightofwhichwasalmostenoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordof_____22_____upintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.Asabatscientist,Eklof’sworkonbatsrequiresaspecifickindofdarkness—the_____23_____kind,unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessis_____24_____.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesinSweden’ssouthwesthousedbatcolonies.Notanylonger.“Today,fortyyearslater,researchI’vedonewithmycolleaguesshowsthatthisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathird,_____25_____lightpollutionandotherfactors.Becausethechurchesareall_____26_____likecarnivals(嘉年華)inthenight,”hewrites.“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”Excesslightisincredibly_____27_____tothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜間活動的)animalsinhabit.It_____28_____awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths,leavingthemeasily_____29_____topredation(捕食)orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove.Babyturtlescrawlawayfromtheshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate_____30_____andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet.Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan______31______foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.Butdarknessisnotsafeforeveryone.Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso______32______inthefirstplace.Thebottomline:Wecanchangeifwewantto.Someofthesolutionstolightpollution—motion-detectinglights,shieldedlightsthatdonot______33______lightupward,artificiallightwithwavelengthsthatissimilartonaturallight—arealreadywithinourgrasp,ifwejust______34______them.“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon’twantto,”saidEklofinarecentinterview.“______35______,it’svitalwefindamiddleway.”Rightnowitishardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbeequippedwithanarrayofprogrammedand______36______low-impactLEDlights.Orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.22．A．honour B．gratitude C．optimism D．determination23．A．a(chǎn)rtificial B．brilliant C．faint D．a(chǎn)bsolute24．A．a(chǎn)chieved B．distracted C．enhanced D．threatened25．A．resultingfrom B．bringingabout C．judgingby D．contributingto26．A．decorated B．restored C．lit D．faded27．A．effective B．sensitive C．positive D．destructive28．A．scares B．blows C．pulls D．turns29．A．a(chǎn)ccustomed B．subject C．a(chǎn)vailable D．restricted30．A．onduty B．inturn C．ontime D．inpublic31．A．stimulate B．a(chǎn)dvocate C．negotiate D．a(chǎn)ccount32．A．challenging B．a(chǎn)ppealing C．demanding D．outstanding33．A．a(chǎn)bsorb B．stretch C．transform D．reflect34．A．reachfor B．a(chǎn)pplyto C．longfor D．a(chǎn)daptto35．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Instead36．A．fundamentally B．scientifically C．environmentally D．economically四、閱讀理解WhenIwassosmallthatmyheadbarelytouchedthewindowsill,welivedintheevergreenforestsofVermont.Ourhomewasfar,farawayfromanytownorcity,butthatwasthewaywelikedit.Somewinters,itgotsocoldthattheriverwouldfreeze,whichwasunusualforwaterlikethat,waterwhichransofastanddeep.Itfeltasthoughtimehadstoppedneartheriver,andsoithaddecidedtobecomesolid,settlingintowaitforspring.Welikedtoskateonthatriver,mygrandfatherandI,eventhoughtheicewasunevenandhisbrownleatherskateswassoold.Onenight,inthemostfrigidwintermyyoungmindcouldrecall,longafterIshouldhavebeenasleep,Icaughtmygrandfathersneakingoutofthefrontdoor,hisancientleatherskatesinhishands.Helookedsheepishwhenhesawme,likeIhadcaughthimdoingsomethingsilly,butIwassoyoungthatIthoughtnoadultcouldeverdowrong.Especiallynotmygrandfather,becausehewasthemodelofwisdominmyeyes.“Grandpa,whereareyougoing?”Iasked.“Skatingontheriver.”“Whywouldyougooutnow?Wedidthatyesterdaymorning.”Helookedalittlethoughtful,andthenhesaid:“It’sjustthatwhenyougooutthere,onthecoldest,stillestnightoftheyear,andyoulieonyourbackonthethick,bubbledriverice,youcanhearthem.”“Hearwho?”“Thefish.Trappedthereundertheice.Youcanhearthemsingingtheirwaterywintersong.Andifyouholdyourbreath,youcanalmosthearthestarssinginginharmony.”37．Theunderlinedword“sheepish”isclosestinmeaningto“____________”.A．quiet B．calm C．frightened D．embarrassed38．Whydidmygrandfathersneakoutthatcoldmidnight?A．Toenjoythecharmofapeacefulnight.B．Toperfecthisskatingskillsbypractice.C．Tocatchthefishtrappedundertheice.D．Tobreathethefreshairintheforest.39．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Itwasunusualforafast-flowingrivertofreezeinmidwinter.B．MygrandfatherandIenjoyedskatingbecauseoftheunevenice.C．Iadmiredmygrandfatherforhiswisdomandoutlookonlife.D．Iwasgladtohearthestarssingingtogetherwithmygrandfather.40．Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto____________.A．describethejoyoflivinginamountainousareaB．highlighthowembracingnaturecanpurifyusC．keeprecordofthecarefreechildhoodmemoriesD．explainwhyskatingissuchanappealingsportNewbigpackfromSierraDesignsThelatestpackfromSierraDesignsistheGigawatt60L.Thepackhasanadjustablebacksystemthatfitsbacklengthsfrom40cmto53cm.It’smadefromdurable300Dpolyester.Featuresincludeazippedtopandsideaccess,oversizedsideandfrontpockets.TheGigawatt60Lweighs1.84kgandcosts￡130.ScarpaupgradesitsMaestralebootsMaestraleRe-MadeskibootsaremadefromPolymertakenfromaroundthreetonsofleftovermaterials.CreatingaRe-MadebootfromPolymeremits27%lesscarbondioxidethancreatinga“classic”bootfromplant-basedPebaxRnew,whichemits32%lesscarbondioxidethanFossil-basedPlastics.ThedesignandmanufacturingprocessbehindtheRe-MadebootweredevelopedbyScarpa’sGreenLab,theproductiondepartmentdedicatedtosustainablesolutions.Apaircosts￡500.VasqueBreezegetssustainableupdateThewell-establishedVasqueBreezehikingboothasbeenmodernisedwithenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.It’snowmadewithrecycledpolyesterandisthefirstboottohaveaVasqueDryWaterproofmembrane,whichismadefrom25%recycledmaterials.TheBreezeisalsocomfortabletowearwithitssoftfootbed.TheBreezeweighs1120gramsandcomesintwowidths.Itcosts￡140.TheNorthFacelaunchesnewskitouringclothingTheDawnTurnclothingprovidesalayeringsystemforskitouringdesignedtokeepyouwarm,dryandfreelymoving.Itincludesashelljacket,midlayers,trousersandaccessories.TheDawnTurn2.0jacketwontheinnovationawardatISPOforitsbreathablelayer.Thecostis￡350.TheDawnTurn1.0JacketismadefromwaterproofDryVent.Itfeaturesawindproofhoodandoversizedfrontpockets,andcosts￡325.41．Thetargetreadersofthepassageareprobably______________.A．Theskiathletes B．TheoutdoorloversC．Theenvironmentalists D．Thesportsretailers42．WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Bothkindsofbootsmentionedinthepassagehavetwodifferentwidths.B．ThelatestbigpackfromSierraDesignshasafixedbacksystem.C．TheVasqueBreezehikingbootisbotheco-friendlyandwaterproof.D．TheDawnTurn1.0JacketwontheinnovationawardatISPO.43．Inthebootsproduction,whichorderiscorrectbasedonthecarbonemissionsofthematerials?A．Polymer>PebaxRenew>Fossil-basedPlasticsB．Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenew>PolymerC．Fossil-basedPlastics>Polymer>PebaxRenewD．Polymer>Fossil-basedPlastics>PebaxRenewMy21-year-oldniece,asecond-yearundergraduate,mentionedthatshewatchesvideolecturesofflineattwicethenormalspeed.Struckbythis,IaskedsomeotherstudentsIknow.Manynowroutinelyspeeduptheirlectureswhenlearningoffline—oftenby1.5times,sometimesbyevenmore.Speedlearningisnotforeveryone,buttherearewebsiteswherestudentsdiscusshowodditwillbeoncetheyreturntothelecturetheatre.Onecontributorwrote:“Normalspeednowsoundslikedrunkspeed.”EducationwasadaptingtothedigitalworldlongbeforeCovid-19but,aswithsomanyotherhumanactivities,thepandemichasgivenlearningahugepushtowardsthevirtual.Overnight,schoolsanduniversitiesclosedandteachersandstudentshadtofindwaystodowhattheydoonlyviatheinternet.“Thisisatimeforschoolsandsystemstoreimagineeducationwithoutschoolingorclassrooms,”saysProfessorYongZhao.DrJimWatterstoninAustraliathinksthat,whilethetraditionalclassroomisstillaliveandwell,educationneedstobemoreadventurousandflexible.Earlierthisyear,ZhaoandWatterstonco-authoredapaperinwhichtheyidentifiedsomemajorchangesthatshouldhappenineducationpost-lockdown.Thefirstconcernsthecontent,whichshouldemphasizesuchthingsascreativity,criticalthinkingandleadership,ratherthanthecollectionandstorageofinformation.“Forhumanstoprogressintheageofsmartmachines,itisessentialthattheydonotcompetewithmachines.”,theywrote,“Instead,theyneedtobemorehuman.”Thesecondisthatstudentsshouldhavemorecontrolovertheirlearning,withtheteacher’sroleshiftingfrominstructortosupervisoroflearningresources,advisorandmotivator.Thisiswhereso-called“activelearning”comesinwithagrowingbodyofresearchsuggestingthatcomprehensionandmemoryarebetterwhenstudentslearninahands-onway—throughdiscussionandinteractivetechnologies,forexample.It’salsowheretheconceptof“productivefailure”applies.ProfessorManuKapurinarguesthatstudentslearnbetterfromtheirownorothers’failedattemptstosolveaproblembeforeoreveninsteadofbeingtoldhowtosolveit.Iftheprogressofthetimesisunabletoholdbackthecomingrevolutionineducation,itseemsunlikelythatthetraditionalclassroomisgoingtohaveanyluckinitsattemptstryingtoturnbacktheclock.AsLaurillardputsit,“Ittookaglobalpandemictodrivehomewhatwe’vebeensayingfor20years.”44．Bygivingexamplesof“speedlearning”inthefirstparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat_________.A．digitalworldisdramaticallyreformingthewayoflearning.B．speedlearningcompletelyreplacesnormalspeedlearning.C．returningtothelecturetheatreisstrangeafterspeedlearning.D．educationbeginstoadapttodigitalworldafterCovid-19.45．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Itisessentialforsmartmachinestobemorehuman.B．Studentsshouldpossessmoreinformationaboutcreativity.C．Studentsvalueothers’failureovertheirownfailure.D．“Activelearning”callsfordiversewaysofinvolvement.46．AccordingtoZhaoandWatterston,themajorchangesineducationshouldinclude_________.①learningmode

②learningmotive

③learningattitude

④learningfocusA．①④ B．②③ C．①③ D．②④47．Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Speedlearningharmsstudents’learningefficiency.B．Thecomingrevolutionineducationisirreversible.C．Teacherswillplayalessimportantroleinthefuture.D．Thetraditionalclassroomswilleventuallydisappear.五、六選四Flamingos(火烈鳥)makelongfriendshipsWhenitcomestomakingfriends,humansoftenseekpeoplewithsimilarinterestsandpersonalities._____48_____.Thelong-leggedbirdscanformfriendshipsthatlastforyears,andtheydependontheirfriendsforsupportwhentheyfalloutwithrivals.ScientistDrPaulRosehadalreadyspottedthatflamingosseemedtoformnarrowexclusivecircles._____49_____.Tofindoutwhyflamingosbefriendsomebutnotothers,theystudiedbothChileanandCaribbeanflamingoslivinginanaturereserveinGloucestershire,England.Eachbirdworearingaroundonelegwithauniquecodetotellthemapart.McCullyspentmonthsstudyingtheirbehaviourandbuiltapersonalityprofileforeachflamingo.Shefoundthatconfident,aggressiveflamingoswalkedproudlyaroundintheirfriendshipgroups,whilethequieterbirdscarefullyavoidthoseindividuals._____50_____.McCullyandRosefoundthatfortheCaribbeanbirds,personalityseemedtomattermoreinfriendshipsthanitdidforChileanflamingos.Caribbeanbirdsweremorelikelytodefendtheirfriendsandtheconfidentoneshadmuchlargersocialgroupsthanthequieterbirds.Theresearchersfoundthissurprisingbecauseinmanyways,includingbodyshapeandhowtheysearchforfoodinthewild,thetwospeciesareverysimilar._____51_____.Inthatcase,allpersonalitytypesarerepresentedandeachflamingohasthechancetofindalike-mindedfriend.McCullyandRosesaid,“Ifhumansrequirefriendshipstobehappy,isitreallysuchagreatleaptothinkthatflamingosmightneedthesame?”A．Theirlong-lastingrelationshipsareimportantforsurvivalinthewild.B．HeteamedupwithFionaMcCully,ascientistinanimalbehaviour.C．Thescientistsconcludethatit’simportanttokeepflamingosinalargeflock.D．Accordingtoarecentstudy,sodoflamingos.E．Thisavoidancemayservetopreventthefights.F．Newresearchshowsthatflamingoswithbrightercolorstendtobemoreaggressive.六、概要寫作52．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Howyouruniquestorycangetyouhired?You’resittingatyourcomputertoapplyforyourdreamjob,butsuddenlyyou’renotconfidentenoughtogetit.Soyoudon’tevensubmittheapplication.Itisnaturalforyoutoexperienceself-doubtatsuchacrucialmoment,especiallyifyou’repeopleofcolor,firstgenerationcollegestudent,oryoudon’thaveatraditionalbackground.Thesecretistotransformhowyouperceiveyourownstory.Askyourselftwoquestions.Thefirstone:whydoyouwanttodothiswork?Maybeyoualreadyknowthekindofjoborworkenvironmentthatmakesyouhappy,ormaybeyouhaven’tquitefiguredthatoutyet.Usually,yourpersonalexperiencescanhelpgiveyouclues.Forexample,yourbrotherhadtoovercomehisdyslexia(誦讀困難癥),andyouhelpedhimwithhisreading.Gradually,youbecameinterestedineducation.Thatmotivatedyoutoworkasateacher.Thesecondquestionyouhavetoaskyourself:howcanyoutellyourstorytoexhibittheuniquequalitiesyouhave?Forexample,youundertookmultiplejobsunrelatedtoyourmajorwhileyouwereincollege.Whenyou’reinaninterview,goaheadandtalkaboutthem,becauseitwillshowtheemployerthatyouhavetimemanagementskillsandastrongpassionforwork.Employersarelookingforwell-roundedindividualsthatarecapableofaccomplishingvariousjobtasks.Gobackandreflectonthosetoughquestionsthatyouneedtoanswer.Theanswersarewhatmakesyouyou.Reframingyourstorycanremakeyourconfidenceoverandoveragain,butittakestime.It’slikerunningamarathon.Youhavetotrainandpractice.Whenyoulearntopracticeyourstory,tellitwithassurance.You’resuretostandoutamongallthecandidates.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、漢譯英（整句）53．大多數(shù)人習慣于通過GPS來定位目的地，并規(guī)劃路線。(accustom)(漢譯英)54．這本書中提到的這些問題盤根錯節(jié)，三言兩語說不清楚。(explain)(漢譯英)55．中國飲食享有色、香、味俱佳且花樣繁多的盛譽，吸引了世界各地的食客。(reputation)(漢譯英)56．世上沒有后悔藥，你應該學會的是不念過往，不負當下，不畏將來。(use)(漢譯英)八、其他應用文57．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明啟中學的高三學生李華，你的朋友Jack邀請你一同制定畢業(yè)后的暑假計劃，請從他提供的計劃清單中選擇你所心儀的一個。給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容需包含：①參加山區(qū)支教志愿服務②去祖國各地走走③學習技能，如駕駛、樂器演奏、視頻剪輯等________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案：1．what

2．can

3．rather##instead

4．than##of

5．whose

6．tograsp

7．makes

8．it

9．giving

10．better

11．whether【導語】這是一篇議論文。主要圍繞感嘆號是否有必要展開了討論，最終證實了感嘆號是一種有效的標點符號。1．考查賓語從句。句意：這是一個帶有不同標記的通用代碼，有助于理解所寫內(nèi)容的含義。分析句子可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句缺少主語，指代“寫的內(nèi)容”，應用連接代詞what。故填what。2．考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：眾所周知，感嘆號可以表示一個句子的結(jié)尾，一個問題，或者——在感嘆號的情況下——表示一種強烈的情感。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為情態(tài)動詞can表示“能夠，可以”，滿足句意要求。故填can。3．考查介詞短語。句意：如果在正確的位置沒有感嘆號，警告路標可能會寫“孩子們，請慢點開”而不是“孩子們！”請慢點開?！备鶕?jù)句意可知，此處為介詞短語ratherthan或者insteadof“而不是”，滿足句意要求。故填rather/instead。4．考查介詞短語。句意：如果在正確的位置沒有感嘆號，警告路標可能會寫“孩子們，請慢點開”而不是“孩子們！”請慢點開?！备鶕?jù)句意可知，此處為介詞短語ratherthan或者insteadof“而不是”，滿足句意要求。故填than/of。5．考查定語從句。句意：感嘆號是一種有效的標點符號，它的起源可以追溯到14世紀的一位意大利學者。分析句子可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞Anexclamationmark在從句中作origin的定語成分，應用關系代詞whose。故填whose。6．考查固定句型。句意：盡管這種情緒是什么取決于讀者，但它是一個有用的信號。分析句子可知，此處為固定句型It’suptosbtodosth“由某人決定去做某事”，滿足句意要求。故填tograsp。7．考查動詞。句意：當然，過多使用感嘆號會使感嘆號失去作用，但這并不意味著它們毫無用處。分析句子可知，空處為but并列句的謂語動詞，陳述客觀事實，且主語為動名詞，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填makes。8．考查代詞。句意：然而，標點符號的使用方式很重要。分析可知，“howpunctuationisused”是句子主語，因此空處填入it作形式主語。故填it。9．考查非謂語動詞。句意：也許這是因為它們看起來很吵，很勉強，暴露出作者需要告訴讀者如何閱讀一個句子。分析句子可知，此處為非謂語動詞作狀語，giveaway和邏輯主語this為主動關系，所以為現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填giving。10．考查形容詞比較級。句意：最好把它們?nèi)サ?，讓讀者自己對這些詞做出反應。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為固定句型itisbettertodo“最好做某事”，滿足句意要求，所以此處為形容詞的比較級形式。故填better。11．考查連詞。句意：一個優(yōu)秀的作家可以用文字和句子創(chuàng)造情感，無論是恐懼、好奇還是快樂。分析句子可知，此處為連詞whether...or...“無論……還是……”引導的讓步狀語從句，滿足句意要求。故填whether。12．H

13．E

14．A

15．B

16．I

17．D

18．F

19．G

20．K

21．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就人工智能會不會第一個發(fā)現(xiàn)外星人或外星生命的話題展開，論述了人工智能在尋找外星生命上的研究。12．考查形容詞。句意：搜尋地外文明，即SETI，是一項尋找可能來自遙遠太陽系的先進文明的信號的努力。結(jié)合句意表示“先進”可知應填形容詞advanced，作定語。故填advanced。故選H。13．考查名詞。句意：隨著人工智能重塑許多科學領域，它對尋找地球以外的生命有什么希望？結(jié)合句意表示“希望”可知應填名詞promise，作賓語，故填promise。故選E。14．考查副詞。句意：在分析數(shù)據(jù)時，手動查看數(shù)百萬個觀測數(shù)據(jù)是不現(xiàn)實的。結(jié)合句意表示“手動”可知應填副詞manually，修飾動詞短語goingthrough。故填manually。故選A。15．考查形容詞。句意：一種常見的替代方法是使用算法來尋找符合天文學家預期的信號。結(jié)合句意表示“替代”可知應填形容詞alternative，作定語修飾名詞method。故填alternative。故選B。16．考查副詞。句意：但這些算法可能會忽略一些可能有趣的信號，這些信號與天文學家預期的略有不同。結(jié)合句意表示“可能”可知應填副詞potentially，修飾動詞overlook，作狀語。故填potentially。故選I。17．考查動詞。句意：在人工智能方面，機器學習算法接受了大量數(shù)據(jù)的訓練，可以學習識別地球干擾。結(jié)合句意表示“訓練”可知應填動詞train，與主語構(gòu)成被動關系，結(jié)合are可知為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填trained。故選D。18．考查動詞。句意：因此，這使他們非常善于分類噪音。結(jié)合句意表示“分類”可知應填動詞sort，作介詞的賓語，應用動名詞形式。故填sorting。故選F。19．考查名詞。句意：加州大學伯克利分校的SETI科學家DanWerthimer說，機器學習還擅長捕捉不屬于傳統(tǒng)類別的外星信號，這些信號可能被早期的方法忽略了。結(jié)合句意表示“類別”以及上文沒有冠詞，可知應填名詞categories，故填categories。故選G。20．考查動詞。句意：他說：“我們不能總是期待ET可能會給我們發(fā)送什么?！苯Y(jié)合句意表示“期待”可知應填動詞anticipate，結(jié)合上文alwaysbe可知應用-ing形式，故填anticipating。故選K。21．考查名詞。句意：加州大學洛杉磯分校的天文學家Jean-LucMargot說，SETI可能會繼續(xù)混合使用經(jīng)典和機器學習的方法來篩選數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)合句意表示“方法”可知應填名詞approach，根據(jù)上文amixtureofclassicalandmachine-learning可知為復數(shù)形式。故填approaches。故選C。22．B

23．D

24．D

25．A

26．C

27．D

28．A

29．B

30．C

31．B

32．B

33．D

34．A

35．A

36．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了光污染對鳥類以及夜間習性動物的影響，以及作者提出了可能的解決方法。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一景象幾乎足以讓我這個不信教的人在布滿星星的天空中說出一個感恩詞。A.honour榮譽；B.gratitude感恩；C.optimism樂觀主義；D.determination決心。根據(jù)后文“Birdsdonotmigrate_____9_____andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet”以及“Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan_____10_____foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.”可知作者的感恩是出于對JohanEklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故選B項。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名蝙蝠科學家，?？寺宸?qū)︱鸬难芯啃枰环N特殊的黑暗—純粹的那種不受光污染的黑暗。A.artificial人工的；B.brilliant燦爛的；C.faint微弱的；D.absolute完全的。根據(jù)后文“unpollutedbylight”可知?？寺宸虻难芯啃枰氖峭耆珱]有光污染的黑暗。故選D項。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但這類黑暗受到了威脅。A.achieved獲得；B.distracted分心；C.enhanced增強；D.threatened威脅。根據(jù)后文“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年華)inthenight,”可知這種類型的光減少了很多，收到了威脅。故選D項。25．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事們所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素導致了這個數(shù)字已經(jīng)減少了三分之一。A.resultingfrom由……引起；B.bringingabout導致；C.judgingby從……判斷；D.contributingto為……作出貢獻。根據(jù)后文的“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年華)inthenight”可知光污染和其他因素導致他的研究減少了。故選A項。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因為在晚上教堂都裝飾地像嘉年華一樣。A.decorated裝飾；B.restored恢復；C.lit點亮；D.faded褪色。根據(jù)后文的“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”可知教堂用燈光裝飾了。故選C項。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：過量的光線對夜間活動的動物所居住的復雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有難以置信的破壞性。A.effective有效的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.positive積極的；D.destructive破壞性的。根據(jù)后文的“It_____7_____awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths”可知過量的光線是有破壞性的。故選D項。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它把?？寺宸蜓芯康尿饑樑芰?。A.scares嚇到，使……害怕；B.blows打擊；C.pulls拉；D.turns轉(zhuǎn)動。根據(jù)前文的“Excesslightis____6_____destructivetothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜間活動的)animalsinhabit.”可知蝙蝠嚇跑了。故選A項。29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它嚇壞了對光敏感的蛾類，使它們很容易被捕食或者無休止地飛向永遠不會回報他們愛的光芒。A.accustomed習慣的；B.subject可能受……影響的；C.available可用的；D.restricted受限制的。根據(jù)后文“orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove”可知燈光影響了蛾類。故選B項。30．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：鳥類不準時遷徙，甚至它們也忘了唱歌。A.onduty值班；B.inturn依次；C.ontime準時；D.inpublic當眾。根據(jù)常識可知鳥兒遷徙每年幾乎是同一個時間。故選C項。31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像?？寺宸蜻@樣的中年作家支持一個更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校園和沒有燈光的停車場。A.stimulate刺激；B.advocate辯護，支持；C.negotiate協(xié)商；D.account認為是，視為。根據(jù)后文“Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelighted