講課肺癌英文演示文稿

講課肺癌英文演示文稿目前一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)WhatisLungCancer?Beginswhencellsinthelunggrowoutofcontrolandformatumor目前二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)EtiologyandpathogenesisCigarettesmokingOtherfactorsincludeairpollutionsNowadaysItisreportedthattuberculosisisassociatedwiththeincidenceoflungcancer

目前三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)ClassificationsAccordingtoanatomy:(1)Centrallung(2)peripherallungcancer目前四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Accordingtohistologicclassification:Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)andNon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).NSCLCincludesSquamouscellcarcinoma,largecellcarcinoma,adenocarcinoma,adenosquamouscarcinoma.目前六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)

Oat-cellcarcinoma

SCLCgrowsveryrapidlyandisveryaggressive.Soonaftertheoriginalcellbecomescancerous,itquicklymultipliestoformatumor.ThesecellsswiftlyspreadtodistantsitesinthebodySCLCbelongsinagroupoftumorsderivedfromneuroendocrinecellsthatareresponsiblefortheproductionandsecretionofspecificpeptideproduct.theymayrelatedtoparaneoplasticsyndrome.目前七頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Cellsareovalorvaguelyspindle-shaped,havescantcytoplasm目前八頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前九頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)

Squamouscellcarcinomathemostfrequentformofthetumor(30-50percentofallcasesbronchialepitheliumandgrowthinsituItisrelatedtocigarettesmokingCavitationcanoccureinthedistaltotheobstructingmassCentrallocation目前十頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Intercellularbridgesandcellularpleomorphism目前十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)squamouscellcarcinomausuallyoccursnearthebronchi,thetumorcancausecough(sometimesacoughthatistingedwithblood),shortnessofbreath,wheezing,andpneumoniaintheareabetweenthetumorandtheedgeofthelungitcausessymptomsearlyinthedisease

目前十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)adenocarcinomaareasofscarringisassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofadenocarcinoma.Peripheraladenocarcinomasareusuallywell-circumscribed,grey-whitemassesthatrarelycavitate.Itarisesfromthesubmucosalglands,locatedinperipheralairwaysandalveoliFemale目前十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)largecellcarcinoma目前十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)largenuclei,prominentnucleoli,abundantcytoplsma目前十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)usuallylocatedperipherallycanbequitelargeandnotinfrequentlycavitate目前十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)theSymptomsofLungCancerFatigue(tiredness)Cough

ShortnessofbreathChestpainLossofappetiteCoughingupphlegmHemoptysis(coughingupblood)Ifcancerhasspread,symptomsincludebonepain,difficultybreathing,abdominalpain,headache,weakness,andconfusion目前二十頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Duetoprimarylesions:cough,dyspnea,hemoptysis,sputum,wheezing,weightloss,fever,pneumoniaDuetolocalextension:chestpain,hoarseness,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome,dysphagia,pericardialeffusion,pleuraleffusion,diaphragmparalysisOnly5-15percentofpatientsareasymptomaticwhendiscoveredtohavebronchogeniccarcinoma.目前二十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Regionnalspreadtohilarandmediastinalnodesmaycausedysphagiaduetoesophagealcompressionhorsenessduetorecurrentlaryngealnervecompressionhorner’ssyndromeduetosympatheticnerveinvolvementelevationofthehemidiaphragmfromphrenicnervecompression.目前二十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Superiorsulcus,orpancoast’stumormayinvolvethebrachialplexus,resultinginac7-t2neuropathywithpain,numbness,andweaknessofthearm.CardiacinvolvementisseeninAbout20-25percentofpatients

目前二十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Extrapulmonarymanifestations.Includingmetastasistootherorgans,suchasbrain,centralnervoussystem,skeletonsystem,liver,adrenalglandsandlymphnodesects.Paraneoplasticsyndromesareremoteeffectsoftumor.Theyleadtometabolicandneuromusculardisturbancesunrelatedtotheprimarytumor,metastases,ortreatment.Theymaybethefirstsignofthetumor.Theydonotindicatethatatumorhasspread.目前二十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)PhysicalexaminationsUsuallyinearlystage,mostofthepatientswithlungcancerhavenopositivephysicalfindings.Generalfindingsincludeabnormalpercussion,breathsoundschanges,moistrales(whenpneumoniahappens)Digitalclubbing,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome(unilaterallyconstrictedpupil,enophthalmos,narrowedpalpebralfissureandlossofsweatingonthesamesideoftheface.目前二十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)PhysicalexaminationsEndobronchialobstructionmayresultinalocalizedwheezeLobarcollapsemayresultinanareaofdecreasedbreathsoundsanddullnesstopercussion.目前二十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)HowisLungCancerEvaluated?Becausealmostallpatientswillhaveatumorinthelung,achestx-rayorCTscanofthechestisperformedThediagnosismustbeconfirmedwithabiopsyThelocation(s)ofallsitesofcancerisdeterminedbyadditionalCTscans,PET(positronemissiontomography)scans,andMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)Itisimportanttofindoutifcancerstartedinthelungorsomewhereelseinthebody.Cancerarisinginotherpartsofthebodycanspreadtothelungaswell目前二十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)ChestX-ray

ItisthemostimportantmethodtofindlungcancerThemostfrequentfindingisamassinthelungfield目前二十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前二十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前三十頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)OnchestX-ray,secondarymanifestationsincludelobarcollapse,pleuraleffusion,pneumonitis,elevationofthehemidiaphragm,hilarandmediastinaladenopathy,anderosionofribsorvertebraeduetometastases.目前三十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前三十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前三十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Obstructiveatelectasis目前三十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)LungcanceronCT

CTisthemostusefulinevaluatingpatientswithpulmonaryandmediastinalmasses.Itisalsousefulfordetectingmultiplemetastases.CTcanshowamasstobelocatedinwhichlobeoflungfieldandthesizeofthemass.Italsoshowsthenoduleinthemediastinum.Sometimes,whenamasslocatebehindtheheart,chestX-raycan`tdetectit.CTcandetectsomesecretsitesoflungcancer.

目前三十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前三十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Bronchoscopy目前三十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)RigidandflexiblescopeBiopsyandselectivewashingsLargersamplesthanflexiblescopeExactlocationLobectomyPneumonectomyUnresectableSleeve目前三十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前三十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)TransthoraciclungbiopsyItmaybeutilizedwhentumorlocatedinperipheralairway.TransthoracicneedlewithguidancebyCTcanbeusedtodetectlesionslocatednearthechestwall目前四十頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前四十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)VideoAssistedThoracicSurgeryDiagnosisofpleuraldiseaseWedgeresection目前四十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前四十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Mediasteinoscopy&Mediasteinotomy目前四十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前四十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)DiagnosesunresectablediseaseEliminateN2diseasefromsurgicalresection目前四十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)ThoracotomyIfthemethodsmentionedabovearenotusefulfordetectingthecelltypeoflungcancer,thoracotomymaybeused目前四十七頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)StagingoflungcancerStagingisawayofdescribingacancer,suchasthesizeofthetumorandwhereithasspreadStagingisthemostimportanttooldoctorshavetodetermineapatient’sprognosis

ThetypeoftreatmentapersonreceivesdependsonthestageofthecancerStagingisdifferentfornon-smallcelllungcancerandsmallcelllungcancer

目前四十八頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)StageINon-SmallCellLungCancerCancerisfoundonlyinthelungSurgicalremovalrecommendedRadiationtherapyand/orchemotherapymayalsobeused目前四十九頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)StageIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthelungTreatmentissurgerytoremovethetumorandnearbylymphnodesChemotherapyrecommended;radiationtherapysometimesgivenafterchemotherapy

目前五十頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)StageIIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtothelymphnodeslocatedinthecenterofthechest,outsidethelungStageIIIAcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthechest,onthesamesidewherethecanceroriginatedStageIIIBcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesontheoppositesideofthechest,underthecollarbone,orthepleura(liningofthechestcavity)SurgeryorradiationtherapywithchemotherapyrecommendedforstageIIIAChemotherapyandsometimesradiationtherapyrecommendedforstageIIIB

目前五十一頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)StageIVNon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtodifferentlobesofthelungortootherorgans,suchasthebrain,bones,andliverStageIVnon-smallcelllungcanceristreatedwithchemotherapy目前五十二頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)Smallcelllungcancerhasoftenmetastasizedatthetimeofdiagnosis.TNMstagingisnotsuitedtosmallcelllungcancer.目前五十三頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)TreatmentIncluding:A:SurgeryB:ChemotherapyC:RadiationtherapyD:Someothertherapyimmunologictherapy,Chinesetraditionaltherapy目前五十四頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)SurgeryNon-smallcelllungcancer:patientswithstageIandIIareconsideredcandidatesforsurgicalresection,withstageIIIcancermaybecandidatesforsurgerywithpostoperativeradiationofthemediastinum.目前五十五頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)目前五十六頁(yè)\總數(shù)六十二頁(yè)\編于十八點(diǎn)SurgeryWemustmeasurepulmonary