2016年職稱英語理工A試題參考和答案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2016年職稱英語考試理工類A級真題第1部分:詞匯選項第1——15題,每題1分,共15分下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線,請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1.Therevelationofhispastledtohisresignation.A.imaginationB.confirmationC.recallD.disclosure2.Jensenisadangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.A.carelessB.CruelC.strongD.hard3.You’llhavetosprintifyouwanttocatchthetrain.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare4.Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.A.ChangeableB.StableC.suitableD.adaptable5.Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.ClothesD.necklace6.Thephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhoodtrauma.A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory7.Theyhavetobuildcanalstoirrigatethedesert.A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit8.Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofatoddler.A.disabledB.pupilC.teenagerD.baby9.Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry10.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.A.RealB.outstandingC.creativeD.false11.Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central12.Theideawasquitebrilliant.A.positiveB.CleverC.keyD.original13.Stockmarketpricetumbledafterrumorofariseininterestrate.A.regulatedB.IncreasedC.fellD.maintained14.Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionsincarmaintenance.A.CoachingB.IdeaC.termD.aspect15.Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasatriskofflooding.A.indangerB.outofcontrolC.betweenequalsD.inparticular第2部分:閱讀判斷第16~22題,每題l分,共7分下面的短文后列出了7個句子,請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷:如果該句提供的是正確信息,請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息,請選擇如果該句的信息文中沒有提及,請選擇C。TheGreatestofVictorianEngineersInthehundredyearsupto1860,theworkofasmallgroupofconstructionengineerscarriedforwardtheenormoussocialandeconomicchangethatweassociatewiththeIndustrialRevolutioninBritain.ThemostimportantoftheseengineerswasIsambardKingdomBrunel,whoseworkinshipping,bridge-building,andrailwayconstruction,tonamejustthreefields,bothchallengedandmotivatedhiscolleagues.Hewasthedrivingforcebehindanumberofthehugelyambitiousprojects,someofwhichresultedinworkswhicharestillinusetoday.Thesonofanengineer,BrunelapprenticedwithhisfatheratanearlyageonthebuildingoftheThamesTunnel.Attheageofjusttwenty,hebecameengineerinchargeoftheproject.ThisimpressiveplantoboreundertheThamestwicesufferedtwomajordisasterswhentheriverbrokethroughintothetunnelwhenthesecondbreach(決口occurredin1872,Brunelwasseriouslyinjuredduringrescueoperationandfurtherworkwashalted.Whilerecoveringfromhisinjuries,BrunelenteredadesigncompetitionforanewbridgeovertheAvonGorgenearClifton.TheoriginaljudgeofthecompetitionwasThomasTelford,aleadingcivilengineerofhisday,whorejectedallentriestothecompetitioninfavorofhisowndesign.Afterconsiderablescandal,asecondcontestwasheldandBrunel'sdesignwasaccepted.Forreasonsoffunding,however,exacerbated(加劇bysocialunrestinBristol,theprojectwasabandonedin1843withonlythetowerscompleted.AfterBrunel’sdeath,itwasdecidedtobeginworkonitagain,partlysothatbridgecouldformafittingmemorialtothegreatengineer.Theentirestructurewasfinallycompletedin1864.Today,thewell-knownCliftonSuspensionBridgeisasymbolofBristol,justastheOperaHouseisofSydney.Originallyintendedonlyforhorse-drawntraffic,thebridgenowbearsoverfourmillionmotorvehiclesayear.16.BrunelwasanimportantairplaneengineerinBritainduringtheIndustrialRevolution.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Brunelwasinvolvedlessinrailwayconstructionthaninotherengineeringfields.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Brunelworkedonlyonshipping,bridge-buildingandrailwayconstruction.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Brunelworkwaslargelyignoredbyhiscolleagues.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.SomeprojectsBrunelcontributedtoarestillinusetoday.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Brunelbecameanapprenticewithhisfatherwhenhewasveryyoung.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TheThamesTunnelprojectwasmoredifficultthananypreviousprojectsundertakeninBritain.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分:概括大意與完成句子第23—30題,每題1分,共8分下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù):(1第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2~5段每段選擇1個最佳標題;(2第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。Geothermal(地熱Energy1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth'scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(巖漿.Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable(不可滲透的rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.2.Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.3.Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary(雙重的plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.4.Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.23.Paragraph1_____24.Paragraph2_____25.Paragraph3_____26.Paragraph4_____27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder23-26:A.DrysteamplantsB.BinaryplantsC.OriginofgeothermalenergyD.GenerationofelectricityE.FlashsteamplantsF.Recyclablewaterandsteam27-30:A.theenergytoturnaturbineB.impermeablerockC.oneortwoseparatorsD.turbineoperatorE.littleornowaterF.hotsprings28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_____.29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_____.30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_____.第4部分:閱讀理解第31—45題,每題3分,共45分下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇SportsstarYaoMing【運動明星姚明】IfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,heisalmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBAandholdstherecordasthemosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGames.Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity(名氣.Few,ifany,Chineseathletesareaswell-knownasYaoaroundtheworld.PeopleacrosstheglobearefascinatedwithYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess(杰出的才能alsoforbeingasymbolofinternationalcommerce.WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdraft(選抜,hewasthefirstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenough—noNBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful(難對付的人foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRocketsorganizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansinChina.WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseasonandpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture(骨折inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudder(震動spreadacrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreatedinanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmoresupport.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwillleavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina,YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijingOlympics.Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCMtreatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocessWesternexpertsaregenerallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefitsalthoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityofRochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebonerepair."ThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,"YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing."It'sbeenusedinourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonscience."36.Theword"towering"inParagraph1means_____A.large.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.37.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofA.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.38.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause_____A.hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.B.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.C.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.D.hecouldn'taffordallthemedicalexpenses.39.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?A.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.B.HeisanNBAplayer.C.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.D.Heisaninternationalfigure.40.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis_____.A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.第二篇TheSahara【撒哈拉沙漠】ThenameSaharaderivesfromtheArabicwordfor“desert”or“steppe”.At3.5milliosquaremiles,anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates,theSaharaDesertinnorthernAfricaisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItspansthecontinentfromtheAtlanticOceantotheRedSea.Daytimetemperaturescanreachashighas130°F.Thehumiditysometimesgetsintotheteens.Butitcanalsobeaslowas2.5percent,thelowestintheworld.MostoftheSaharareceiveslessthanfiveinchesofrainperyear,whilelargeareassometimeshavenorainfallatallforyears.AttheheartoftheSaharaisthelandlockednorthAfricancountryofNiger.Herethesanddunescanbe100feettallandseveralmileslong.HeresandplainsstretchoveranarealargerthanGermanywherethereisneitherwaternortowns.YetsittinginthemidstofthesurroundingdesertisthetownofBilma.Suddenlytherearepoolsofclearwater.Surprisingly,therearegrovesofdatepalms.Undergroundwaterresources,oroases,sufficienttosupportirrigatedagriculturearefoundindrystreambedsanddepressions.Irrigationditchesrunoffacreektowaterfields.Corn,cassava,tea,peanuts,hotpeppers,andorange,lime,andgrapefruittreesgrowinthesefields.Donkeysandgoatsgrazeongreengrass.TheSaharaofNigerisstillaregionwhereyoucanseeacamelcaravanof500camelstiedtogetherinlooselinesaslongasamile,travelingtowardsuchoasistowns.Thereacaravanwillcollectlife-sustainingsalt,whichisminedfromwaterybasins,andtransportitupto400milesbacktosettlementsontheedgesofthedesert.Theroundtripacrossthevastsandstakesonemonth.41.Thispassageismostlyabout________.AlifeintheSaharaBthedesertsofAfricaCBilmaDhowcamelstravelinthedesert42.RainfallinmostoftheSaharais________.AlessthanfiveinchesperyearBlessthanteninchesperyearClessthantwentyinchesperyearDzero43.TheSaharacanbedescribedas______AaplaceofcontrastsBaplacewherenoonelivesCanareawherethewintersarecoldDanareathatappealstomanytourists44.Thephrase“anarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedictioivfsathesizeof________.AnorthernAfricaBNigerCtheSaharaDallofAfrica45.Inthispassagecaravanmeans________.AtravelingcircusBgrouptravelingtogetherthroughdifficultcountryCrailroadtrainDasmall,fastsailingship第三篇OldervolcaniceruptionVolcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears."Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,"Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysical.InstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall’sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.41.OldervolcaniceruptionsdidmoredamagethanmorerecentonesbecauseA.oldervolcanoeswerebrighter.B.carbondioxidemadetheearthmuchwarmerC.oldervolcanoeswerehotterD.carbondioxidekilledofflifemoreeasily42.WignallcalculatedthekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptionsbyA.estimatinghowlongtheylastedB.countingthedinosaurstheykilledC.comparingtheproportionoflifekilledwiththevolumeoflavaproducedD.studyingthechemicalcompositionoflava43.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?A.300millionyearsago.B.250millionyearsagoC.65millionyearsagoD.60millionyearsago44.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatthecauseofdinosaurextinctionis_______A.apoliticalissue.B.self-evident.C.quitecertainD.controversial45.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?A.Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B.Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.C.OldervolcaniceruptionsaremoredestructiveD.Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption第5部分:補全短文第46~50題,每題2分,共10分下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個句子,其中5個取自短文,請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置,以恢復(fù)文章原貌。ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumanBeganWalkingUprightMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion._____(46TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalarge—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwolegs."Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs",saidDr.Richmond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource._____(47Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwherecompetitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.TwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity's"outdoorlaboratory"inanaturalclearinginBossouForest._____(48Thechimpanzees'behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,whenasmallnumberofcoulanutswereavailable,andwhencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether._____(49Insuchhigh-competitionsettings,thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffour.Notonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresource,butalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheycouldinonegobyusingeverythingavailable-eventheirmouths.Thesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockingsofOxfordBrookesUniversity,wasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrareandunpredictableResources._____(50A.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuchmoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.B.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RichmondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences,havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.C.Here,35percentofthechimpanzeesactivityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.D.XXXXXXE.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut,whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.F.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmore第6部分:完型填空第51~65題,每題1分,共15分下面的短文有15處空白,請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。CellPhoneLetsYourSecretsOutYourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou.Besidesthenamesandnumbersthatyou'veprogrammedintoit,______traces____(51ofyourDNA遺留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudyDNAis遺傳的material_____that_____(52appearsineverycell.Likeyourfingerprint,yourDNAis_____unique______(53to——unlessyouhaveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayanalyzeDNAinblood,saliva(唾液,orhairleft____behind_______(54atthesceneofacrime.Theresultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify____criminals______(55andtheirvictims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou____than_____(56y