高中英語人教版必修一Unit-5知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總及強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽1.fightfor/against/with2.hopen.希望;hopefuladj.有希望的,hopelessadj.沒有希望的;令人絕望變化3.educatevt.教育educationn.教育;教educatedadj.受過教育的;受過訓(xùn)練1.devotevt.投入；獻(xiàn)身2.votev.n.投票,選票,表決,得票數(shù)3.rewardn.報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬謝，給以報(bào)答4.equaladj.平等的；相等的重點(diǎn)詞組1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.定語從句重點(diǎn)句子重點(diǎn)語法Ⅰ詞語辨析fightfor/against/with和……并肩作戰(zhàn)，和……打仗/打架/斗爭1).Wewillhaveto________difficulties.2).Theytoldtheworkersto_________theirrights.3).DuringWorldWarII,theBritish_________FrenchmenagainstGermans.accept(接受表示主觀上樂意接受。還表示答應(yīng)、同意、認(rèn)同”receive收到,得到),表示客觀收到,“接待接收、歡迎”【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I________hisletterofinvitation,butIdidn't________it.4.since/because/as/forsince=nowthat意為“由于,既然常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。because表語氣最強(qiáng),經(jīng)常表聽者不知的原因,它能回答why的提問。as可和because互換,但語氣不夠它強(qiáng),也不能回答why的提問。for是并列連詞,與后面的分句對(duì)前一句話起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用,其前常有逗號(hào)隔開。II詞性變化1.crueladj.殘暴的,殘crueltyn.殘暴,殘忍hopefuladj.有希望的,hopelessadj.沒有希望的;順利的,有前途的令人絕望的educationn.教育;教educatedadj.受過教育的;育體制受過訓(xùn)練的1)Sheisahighly________woman(educate)2)Parentsshould_________theirchildrentobehavewell.(educate)3）Achildreceivesitsearly_________athome.(educate)4）Manyayoung_________wenttoHollywood.(hope)5）Our________forfineweatherwerenotdisappointed.(hope)6）MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJeremyseemsa________case.(hope)7)Don'tbe________toanimals.(cruel)8)Hesawalotof_________intheprisoncamp.(cruel)Ⅲ重點(diǎn)詞匯1.devote投入；獻(xiàn)身[典例]1).Hedevotedhimselfentirelytomusic.他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了音樂。2).Marydevotedherlifetocaringforthesick.瑪麗獻(xiàn)身于為病人服務(wù)。[重點(diǎn)用法]devote…to…獻(xiàn)身于；專心于在devote…to…短語中，to-ingpayattention（注意……;stick（堅(jiān)持;lead（導(dǎo)致;prefer…to（相比……更喜歡……）;lookforward（盼望……）;[練習(xí)]中譯英1).她深愛她的孩子。2).我們應(yīng)全力以赴地工作。2.votev.n.投票,選票,表決,得票數(shù)[典例]1).WevotedDemocratinthelastelection.我們在上次的選舉中投了民主黨的票。2).We’lllistentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonit.我們會(huì)先聽取雙方的論證后再作表決。3).Thevotesarestillbeingcounted.選票仍在統(tǒng)計(jì)中。[重點(diǎn)用法]votedown投票否決；投票擊敗votethrough表決通過votein投票選出；選舉put…tothevote將……付諸表決take/haveavoteon對(duì)……進(jìn)行表決[練習(xí)]用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。1).Thesuggestionwasvotedvotefor/against投票贊成/反對(duì)byalargemajority.2).Shallwetakeavote3).Theissuewasput4).Wasthevotethequestion?thevote.thematter?or3.rewardn.報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬謝，給以報(bào)答[典例]1).Heworkedhardbutwithoutmuchreward.他工作很努力，但是報(bào)酬很少。2).Herewardedmewithaprize.他用一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來報(bào)答我。[重點(diǎn)用法]inreward(for…)作為（對(duì)……的）報(bào)酬、報(bào)答givearewardtosb.forsth.為……給某人報(bào)酬、賞金rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因……報(bào)答、獎(jiǎng)賞某人rewardsb.withsth.用……報(bào)答、獎(jiǎng)賞某人[練習(xí)]中譯英1).她的善良沒有得到任何回報(bào)。______________________________________________________________________2).她向他報(bào)之以一笑。______________________________________________________________________4.equaladj.平等的；相等的[典例]1).Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.女性要求同等工作獲同等報(bào)酬。2).Allpeoplearebornequal.人人生來平等。[重點(diǎn)用法]beequalto與……相等beequalwith與……平等[練習(xí)]中譯英1).一單位酒精等于半品脫啤酒。______________________________________________________________________2).他們認(rèn)為，在上帝眼中窮人和富人是平等的。______________________________________________________________________5.advisev.建議[典例]1).Ihaveadvisedyouonthatsubject.在那個(gè)問題上，我給過你建議.2).ChristieadvisesustopractiseoralEnglishasoftenaspossible.Christie建議我們要盡可能多練口語.3).Iadvisethatyou(should)noteatfruitthatisn’tripe.我建議你不要吃那些沒有熟的水果.[重點(diǎn)用法]advisesb.onsth.就……給某人出主意advise+n./pron.建議……advisesb.todosth.建議某人干……advise(one’s)doingsth.建議（某人）干……advise+(that)sb.(should)doadvicen.建議；意見apieceofadvice一條建議gotosb.foradvice=asksb.foradvice向某人尋求建議；征詢某人的意見giveadvicetosb.onsth.就……對(duì)某人提供建議followsb’sadvice=takesb’sadvice接受某人的建議[練習(xí)]中譯英1).我建議換個(gè)方式。______________________________________________________________________2).我們建議他們應(yīng)該及早開始。______________________________________________________________________Ⅳ重點(diǎn)詞組1.beinprison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁[典例]1).Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.他為黑人而戰(zhàn)且坐過三十年牢。2).Hehasbeeninprisonforfiveyearsforstealing.因?yàn)橥禆|西,他曾在監(jiān)獄呆過5年.[短語歸納]put…inprison=send…toprison=throwintoprison把……投入監(jiān)獄Thecarthieveshavebeenputinprison.那些偷車賊都被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了。[練習(xí)]用be,put,send,throw的恰當(dāng)形式填空。1).Thelawyerfinally2).Therobberthemurdererintoprison.inprisonforseveralyears.3).Thethiefbeggedtheguardfornothimtoprison.4).Lastyear,themaninprisonforstealingacar.2.outofwork失業(yè),出問題[典例]1).Jimhasbeenoutofworkforseveralmonths.吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個(gè)月了。2).Mary’scellphonehasbeenoutofworkforseveraldays,whichbroughtheralotofinconvenience.瑪麗的手機(jī)壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來了很多不便。[短語歸納]inwork有工作outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofuse沒用了outofpatience不耐煩outofdate過時(shí)outoforder次序顛倒；出故障outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)outofcontrol失控outofshape變形Outofsight,outofmind.眼不見,心不煩。[練習(xí)]用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~（短語）填空。1).Althoughmycomputerisdatenow,butit’sstilluse.2).Afterfours’operation,thepatienthasbeendanger.3.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心[典例]1).Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tloseheart.他失敗了許多次，但他并沒有失去信心。2).Nomatterwhatyoudo,neverloseheart.不管你做什么，千萬不要失去信心。[短語歸納]loseone'sjob失業(yè)loseone'sbalance失去平衡loseone'sbreath上氣不接下氣loseone'sheart(tosb/sth)愛上loseone'slife喪生;遇害[練習(xí)]中譯英loseface丟臉;受屈辱1).不要失去信心，一切都會(huì)好起來的。______________________________________________________________________2).她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。______________________________________________________________________V重點(diǎn)句子1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認(rèn)我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭。[解釋]這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞position。類似的名詞還有situation,stage,case等，作先行詞時(shí)，可用where引導(dǎo)定語從句Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?拓展：介詞關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when,where和。Heisthebossoftherestaurantwhere（=inwhich）weoftenhavelunch.Todaywhen（=onwhich）theproductwillbeputintousewillcomesoon.Thereason（=forwhich）hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.[練習(xí)]中譯英1).你能想起讓你尷尬的情形嗎？______________________________________________________________________2).他遲到的原因令人難以置信。______________________________________________________________________2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時(shí)我們才決定以暴力對(duì)暴力。[解釋]當(dāng)only,將助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞提前，放在主語前。Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時(shí)我們才決定以暴力對(duì)暴力。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.昨天他父親才把真相告訴他,這對(duì)他真是個(gè)令人吃驚的消息.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對(duì)岸的人們聽到他的聲音。[練習(xí)]中譯英1).昨天他父親才把真相告訴他,這對(duì)他真是個(gè)令人吃驚的消息。______________________________________________________________________2).他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對(duì)岸的人們聽到他的聲音。______________________________________________________________________單元自測1完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的BC和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。字?jǐn)?shù)：214完成時(shí)間：14分難度：**鐘OnKeepingaDiaryinEnglishKeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.Comparedwithotherformsofwriting,itis21andtakeslesstime.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwe22tothispractice,gradually,we'lllearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainly23upagainstalotofdifficulties.Inthefirstplace,itoftenhappensthatwehavetroublefinding24wordsandphrasestogive25toourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.Anditisextremely26forustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.Surely,therearesomeother27wemaycomeacrossinkeepingadiaryinEnglish.AsfarasIamconcerned,mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshavea(n)andaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasy29.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.Wecanalso3028toEnglishteachersforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.21.A.longer22.A.insist23.A.runshorterB.stickC.thickerC.contributeC.comeD.betterD.referD.turnB.bring24.A.approximateappropriateC.appreciativeC.expressionC.goodD.approachable25.A.idea26.A.easy27.A.roadblocks28.A.penB.adviceB.hardD.explanationD.badB.methodsB.backpackB.sightC.waysD.objectsD.notebookD.abilityC.eraser29.A.hand30.A.runC.reachB.turnC.flyD.oppose2語法填空個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。字?jǐn)?shù)：147完成時(shí)間：9分難度：***鐘Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereis31mixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisis32therearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,more33(disagree)ininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizations34differentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein35(mix)societies.36thesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,thereare37(few)occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecause38seemstobethesame.And39leastcustomaryanddoubtless.3閱讀理解conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,40areat詞數(shù)：308難度：**時(shí)間：6分鐘Electricaldevices(儀器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.Thedeviceconnectstoaperson'sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthatspeedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.Thereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilograms,butitistoocostlyformostpeopletobuy.Buttheresearchershopetomakealighter,lesscostlyversion.Animprovedversionshouldbereadyinoneyear.Thedevelopershopethedevicewillonedayhelpdevelopingcountries.Nearlytwenty-fivepercentofpeoplearoundtheworldlivewithoutelectricpower.Asimilarproductwasinventedin2005byLarryRomeoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.Hecreatedabagcarriedonaperson'sbackthatalsoproducespowerfromwalking.Thekneedevicedoesnotproduceasmuchelectricityasthebag.Butthebagrequiresthewalkertocarryaloadoftwentytothirtykilograms.41.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout_______.A.whodevelopedthedeviceB.howthedeviceworksC.severalpossibleusesforthedevicesD.howmuchelectricitythedevicecanproduce42.Whatisthedisadvantageoftheexperimentalversionofthedevice?A.Itistooheavyforthewalkertobear.B.Itistoocomplexforpeopletouse.C.Itwillslowdownone'swalkingspeed.D.Itistoodearformostpeopletoafford.43.ComparedwiththedevicedesignedbyLarryRome,thisnewdevice_______.A.producespowerwithoutaddingmoreloadstothewalkerB.canproducemorepowerinamuchshortertimeC.needstobeequippedwithabatteryD.canhelpthewalkerwalkfaster44.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheelectricaldevicecan_______.A.helphousewivesoperatethemicro-waveovenB.makeitmucheasierforustogoonlineC.producemoreelectricitythanthatinventedbyLarryRomeD.beappliedinmedicinetooperateheartpacemakers45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FirstdevicepoweredbywalkingwillsoonbeonthemarketB.AdvancedtechnologybringsinanewwaytooperateheartpacemakersC.DevicegivesnewmeaningtotheideaofpowerwalkingD.Humanenergywillbecomeamainsourceofelectricity5aⅠ詞語辨析Keys:received…accept4.since/because/as/forKeys:1).because2).Since3).As4).forII詞性變化Keys:1)educated5)hopes2)educate6)hopeless3)education7)cruel4)hopeful8)crueltyⅢ重點(diǎn)詞匯1.devote投入；獻(xiàn)身[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).Sheisdevotedtoherchildren.2).Weshoulddevotealloureffortstoourtasks.2.votev.n.投票,選票,表決,得票數(shù)Keys:1).through2).on3).to4).for;against3.rewardn.報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬謝，給以報(bào)答[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).Shegotnothinginrewardforherkindness.2).Sherewardedhimwithasmile.4.equaladj.平等的；相等的Keys:1).Oneunitofalcoholisequaltohalfapintofbeer.2).TheybelievethatinthesightofGodthepoorareequalwiththerich.5.advisev.建議[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).I'dadvisetakingadifferentapproach.2).Weadvisedthattheyshouldstartearly/advisedthemtostartearly.Ⅳ重點(diǎn)詞組1.beinprison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁Keys:1).threw2).hasbeen3).sending4).wasput2.outofwork失業(yè),出問題Keys:1).outof;in2).outof3.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).Don’tloseheart,allwillturnoutwell.2).Shelostherhearttoayoungsoldier.V重點(diǎn)句子1.Wewereputinapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfighttheGovernment.[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).Canyouthinkofasituationwhereyouoncefeltembarrassed?2).Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschoolwasunbelievable.2.Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只是在那時(shí)我們才決定以暴力對(duì)暴力。[練習(xí)]中譯英Keys:1).Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprisetohim.2).Onlybyshoutingwasheable