放射物理單詞

放射物理單詞Chapter1Intuitive：直覺的Vibration振動Oscillation周期性地振蕩Dimension單位Coulomb庫侖Proportional正比Isotope同位素Random隨機Condenser電容器Prefix前綴Electrostatic靜電的Numerical數(shù)字的Convert轉(zhuǎn)換Planetary行星式的Diffuse分散Penetrate穿過Constituent組成Bombard轟炸Eject射出Spectrometer譜儀Arbitrarily指定的Scale刻度Subscript下標(biāo)Superscript上標(biāo)Alpha希臘字母aOrbit軌道Quantum量子Mechanical:機械的，力的Finite有限的Precision精度Tungsten金屬鎢Cascade雪崩Infrared紅夕卜Geigercounter蓋革計數(shù)器Emit發(fā)射Pertinent:relevantto,有關(guān)的，中肯的Spectrum頻譜Etcetera:et.等等…Voltage電壓Impinge:impose,施加于Formula公式Kinetic：動能Exponential：指數(shù)Attenuation：衰減Semilog：半對數(shù)Linear：線性Logarithmic：對數(shù)Fractional：分數(shù)Analogous:模擬Collision:碰撞Lethal:致命的Exponential：指數(shù)的GlossaryofChapter2(problemsandprojectspartsexcluded)Filament:燈絲Milliammeter:毫安表Rhenium:金屬銖grid:柵winding:線圈rheostat:變阻器wafer：應(yīng)該是waterindium:金屬錮arsenic：砷contour：輪廓線、等高線armature:（電機里面的）轉(zhuǎn)子molybdenum:金屬鉬（乳腺X線機中球管用的主要材料）pit：坑、凹stray:離散的、零落的hooded:罩photocell:光細胞photon:光子bremsstrahlungrediation：軔致輻射superimposed:疊加的betatron:8對撞機mammography:乳腺X線機preferentially:優(yōu)先地Chapter3Ejection射出Configuration:Deuteron：氘Bombard：轟炸Betatron：6對撞機Linear：線性Nitrogen：氮Analogous： 模擬的pinhead:針尖rifle：步槍Geigercounter:蓋革計數(shù)器Scintillation：閃爍Substitute：替代Decay:衰減integral:集合的exponential：指數(shù)的cobalt：鉆emit:發(fā)射dosimetry:劑量學(xué)“emittedradiation”：發(fā)射的射線Cumulate:應(yīng)該是accumulate積累Hypothetical：假設(shè)Exponentially:指數(shù)地rectangle:長方形dosage：劑量值proportional：正比的vertical：垂直的horizontal：水平的intersection:交叉的cluster：簇uranium：鈾repulsion:排斥isobars:同質(zhì)素（核子數(shù)同，質(zhì)子數(shù)不同）sulphur：硫phosphorus：磷electroncapture：電子俘獲schematically：圖解地monoenergetic:單一能量radon：氡（鐳衰變產(chǎn)生的放射性氣體元素）plus：加fluorescent：熒光的Rutherford:盧瑟福Luminous:發(fā)光的Dials:刻度盤Proximity:大概Scintillate:閃爍Ionization:電離Vapor:蒸發(fā)Droplets:滴Collide:碰撞Tortuous彎曲的Negatron:負電子Negligible：忽略的Emission:發(fā)射isobaricline:同質(zhì)素線neutrino：中微子neutral:核心的unequivocal:不等價的spectra:頻譜的復(fù)述形式deposited:留存fraction:分數(shù)、部分spectrum：頻譜cascade:雪崩barium：鋇component:成分metastable：可能是拼錯了finite:有限的reactor-produced:反應(yīng)堆產(chǎn)生的thedaughternucleus:子核nitrogen：Mkinetic:動能annihilate：湮滅depicted:描繪theparentanddaughternuclei:父核子核augerelectron:鋨歇電子neon:氖internalconversion:內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)換superimposed:疊加的spectral：譜的perturb：擾舌Lmonoenergetic：單一能量的thefluorescentyield:產(chǎn)生的熒光vacancy:空的favored:可能是拼錯了Auger:同鋨歇電子Fraction:部分Isomer:同質(zhì)異能素（質(zhì)子數(shù)和中子數(shù)都同，核能態(tài)不同）Enunciate:清晰講述/解釋等Penetrate:穿過Instructive：指導(dǎo)的Horizontal：水平的Cows:奶牛（指能產(chǎn)生放射性核素的母核）Sterile：1貧瘠的，無結(jié)果的2消毒的SolventShield:屏蔽Milk:指放射性核素technetium-99m:得-99ratio：比率equilibrium:平衡radioactivecow:能產(chǎn)生放射性核素的母核approximate:大約的cyclotron：回旋加速器initially:初始的fission:分裂fragment：裂片subtraction：減fusion：聚合intercept:截留cobalt：鉆derive：演變assumption:假設(shè)irradiation:照射scatter：分散resonance：共振thermalneutrons:熱核子potassium:車甲saturation:飽和exponential：指數(shù)的Avogadro’snumber:阿佛加德羅常數(shù)Iodine:碘Mold:Integrate:集成Embed:嵌入Conversion:轉(zhuǎn)換KMMAugerKMLAugerElute：可能是拼錯了Megawatts:兆瓦slices層、片Chapter4（1）Dosimetry劑量學(xué)fluence通量spectrum頻譜atom原子collision碰撞bremsstrahlung軔致（輻射）kinetic動能的attenuation衰減coefficient系數(shù)irradiate發(fā)射fluctuation波動equilibrium平衡schematically依照表格的bombard轟炸attenuation衰減portion部分equilibrium平衡dotted點的horizontal水平的attain達到exponentially指數(shù)的upstream上游plot畫schematic圖表的coefficient系數(shù)monoenergetic單一能量的fraction部分分數(shù)depict描繪parallel平行的traverse穿過cavity空腔molecule分子integral集成的intergral同上isotope同位素linace直線加速器betatronbeta加速器filtration濾波cobalt鉆phantom體模spectra頻譜linear線性的arbitrariness指定、任意chamber腔體tungsten鎢numerator（數(shù)學(xué)）分子denominator（數(shù)學(xué)）分母tabulate列表radius直徑perturb擾動攝動homogeneous同類的，相似的photon光子negligible可忽略的perturbation擾動攝動finite有限的geometry幾何composite組成equivalent等效affix詞綴使附于bracket括號accuracy準(zhǔn)確vapor蒸發(fā)calibrate教標(biāo)seal封cone錐形segregate分解situate：Toplaceinacertainspotorposition放置于axis軸inverse相反rectangle長方形collimator準(zhǔn)直器interval內(nèi)部的bathe浴condense密的thimble頂針，針狀aluminum鋁impurity不純colloidal膠狀的，膠質(zhì)的graphite石墨equivalent相當(dāng)auxiliary輔助snugly整潔地，尚可的，貼身地，隱蔽地rectify矯正versus對appendix附錄fractional 分數(shù)的，小數(shù)的tabular制成表的，扁平的，表格式的，平坦的interpolate加入，插入ferrous含鐵的，［化］亞鐵的sulphate［化］硫酸鹽equation方程nitrogen氮Chapter4(2)dosimetry放射劑量學(xué)tissue-air組織backscatter逆散射depict描述描寫irradiate輻射照射calibration教標(biāo)dosimeter放射劑量計phantom體模kerma比釋動能equilibrium平衡statistical統(tǒng)計的attenuation衰減diameter直徑sphere球cylinder柱形cavity腔洞tubing管狀的electrometer靜電計precise精確的calorimeter熱量計approximate大概obsolete荒廢的，陳舊的portion一部分impurity不純潔spectrum頻譜proportionality比例cylindrical柱形的linac直線加速器numerical數(shù)字的spectra頻譜（復(fù)數(shù)）equivalent平衡fraction分數(shù)penetrate插入negligible忽略的linear線性的perturb擾動flux流量perturbation擾動perpendicular垂直的，正交的axis軸penetrate插入monoenergetic單一能量analogous類似的，相似的polarization極化condense壓縮gaseous氣態(tài)的interface界面equilibrium平衡attenuation衰減coefficient系數(shù)bremsstrahlung軔致輻射appendix附錄integrals集成yield產(chǎn)生exponential指數(shù)的dash沖撞upstream向上游larynx喉部plot點auxiliary輔助的scattering散開的traverse橫貫的dotted點的hence因此emitter發(fā)射器scheme計劃方案simplify簡化tabulate制表ingest攝入咽下valid合法的calibrate校正configure配制設(shè)定bracket括號apparent明顯的recoil反沖Compton（人名）Victoreen可能錯誤的拼寫78.tabulate制表CHAPTER5Instrumentationsandtechniques儀器和技術(shù)ionization電離saturationinionchambers飽和電離室dimension維尺度thepolarizingvoltage極化電壓pulsed脈沖作用的aluminumplates車呂板molecules分子aparallelplate平行板afinitechanceofbumping有限機會的碰撞anionrecombining離子組合ionconcentration離子濃縮ionchambercalculation電離腔計算tacitlyassumed假定decay衰減exponential指數(shù)的pulsedradiation脈沖式的輻射theprinciplesinvolved包含的原則approximateexpression大概的表達Boag(B9)andGreening(G8)aparallelplatechamber平衡板腔occupy占領(lǐng)overlapregion重疊區(qū)域integral集成的evaluate評價thedimensionlessvariable無量綱變量coulombs庫侖saturationcurve飽和曲線breakdown崩潰theinsulation絕緣indicate指示graphically圖形parameter參數(shù)negligible忽略的density密度cylindricalandsphericalchambers柱形和球形腔thecentralelectrode中央電極aparallelplateionizationchamber平行板電離腔equivalentgap平衡缺口theratiooftheradiusoftheshell半徑與殼體的比例operationalamplifiers運算放大器sensitiveelectrometer敏感的靜電計inexpensivesolidstateoperationalamplifiers不昂貴的固態(tài)運算放大器triangularstructure三角結(jié)構(gòu)impedance阻抗substituting代替的“virtualground”虛擬地leakagecurrent漏電流asophisticatedcircuit復(fù)雜的線路afrequencycompensator頻率補償current-to-voltageconverter電流電壓轉(zhuǎn)換器aninfiniteimpedance無限大阻抗integrationperiod綜合周期integrationcycle綜合循環(huán)switch開關(guān)squeeze壓榨drainofthetransistor三極管耗盡differentialamplifier差分放大severalamplifiersinseries系列的幾個放大器practicaldevicesformeasuringradiation測量放射的實際設(shè)備shieldedcable屏蔽電纜thepolarizingvoltage極化電壓rubberinsulation橡膠絕緣accidentalground附屬地aconductingplastic傳導(dǎo)塑料acobaltunit鉆單元sensitivity靈敏度guardedconstruction保護結(jié)構(gòu)thecableofinferiorquality次級質(zhì)量電纜imbedded嵌入insulator絕緣asheathofinsulation絕緣鞘，護套，外殼arubbersheath橡膠鞘，護套，外殼spurioussignals偽造的，假造的，欺騙的信號condenserchambers壓縮電離腔thehollowinsulator中空絕緣thecalibrationfactor校正系數(shù)dosimeters計量計wearer佩帶townsendbalance湯森平衡anintegratingdosimeter集成劑量劑guardedconstructionanelectrometerdevice靜電計設(shè)備potentiometer電勢差計initialnullreading初始空讀數(shù)recalibration重新校正Mylar聚脂薄膜thecavity空腔simultaneously同時地acobaltunit鉆單元thesourceoffapproximate大約ascatteringmedium分散媒介perturb擾動stem莖干malfunction錯誤動作linearaccelerator直線加速器betatronsbeta加速器terminate終結(jié)thebendingmagnets

linac102.102.103.104.105.106.107.108.109.110.111.112.113.114.115.116.117.118.119.120.121.122.quadrant象限anaccuratelycalibratedchamber精確校正的電離腔correctionforinversesquarelawsiliconrectifier硅整流器fabricated焊接的，虛構(gòu)的diffused分散的漫射的transparent透明的atypicaldiode典型的二極管linear線性的oscilloscope示波器avoltmeterofinfiniteimpedance內(nèi)阻無限大的電壓計circumstance情況theory理論logarithm對數(shù)diagnostic診斷theswitchingtransients交替的瞬態(tài)absorptioncoefficient吸收系數(shù)photon光子photoelectricabsorption光電吸收anenormousdynamicrange巨大的動態(tài)范圍

123.1123.124.125.126.127.128.129.130.131.132.133.134.135.136.137.138.139.140.141.142.143.144.theemissionoflightgeologists地質(zhì)學(xué)家assumption假?lithiumfluoride氟化鋰crystallinestructure晶體狀結(jié)構(gòu)imperfection不完善lattice點陣晶格impuritylevels不純程度subsequent接下來的theemissionoflightschematically圖表的theirradiatedsample放射的樣本photomultiplier光放大cylindrical柱狀的quantitative數(shù)量的areproducibleway可復(fù)制的方法automaticcommercialequipment自動商業(yè)機器monitoring監(jiān)視molecules分子ferricions亞鐵離子theopticaldensity光密度spectrophotometer分光光度計dimensionless無量綱的theferroussulphate硫酸亞鐵spectraldistribution譜分布theFrickedosimeter弗里克劑量劑anirradiatedvolumeofcomplexshapethepresenceofsulphurapproximately大致的themassenergyabsorptioncoefficient質(zhì)能吸收系數(shù)filmasadosimeter用菲林做劑量計theunaffectedsilverbromide未受影響的溴化銀aphotocellplaced安裝的一個光單元simplification簡化theopticaldensity光密度thecalorimeter卡路里計（一種熱量計）semiconductor半導(dǎo)體exhibit展覽pinhead針頭fluence通量thermally熱的vacuum真空minimizes最小化aluminum鋁phantom體模graphite石墨tissue-equivalentplastic與組織相當(dāng)?shù)乃芰蟭hejacket外層configuration輪廓組態(tài)外形thermalcapacity熱容量parallel平行的isolation分離隔離thethermalconductivity熱傳導(dǎo)irradiation放射depletion枯竭損耗annealinganddegasificationprogram退火去氣程序feasible可行的graphite石墨approximation大約Chapter66.01Mechanism機制Macroscopicscale肉眼觀察的范圍Deposit沉淀Molecule分子Progeny次級后代Irradiation輻射Fractionate分級sublethal次致命的redistribution重新分布reoxygenation重新充氧作用復(fù)氧hypoxic缺氧therapeuticratio治療比equivalence等積等價isoeffectcurve（原文在哪里？可能是印刷錯誤）cervix子宮頸6.02Mammal哺乳動物Molecule分子Discrete離散的Schematically圖解的Cluster簇Tortuous彎曲Medium介質(zhì)Cobalt鉆（一種放射性元素）Collide碰撞Spectrum頻譜Velocity速度Phantom體模Maximum最大的Approximately大致Parameter參數(shù)Manipulate操縱Ingenious靈巧精巧Demonstrating演示Fluctuation波動Implication隱含6.03Solved可解的Equation方程Polar極Aqueous含水的Transient透明的Radical基Indicated標(biāo)明的oxidizingagent氧化劑mechanism機制phosphate磷酸elaborate精巧strand帶optimum優(yōu)化最佳的equivalent相當(dāng)?shù)漠?dāng)量6.04Assay檢驗Proliferative增生性的Vitro活體petridish培養(yǎng)皿incubating孵化aliquot可分量整除數(shù)dilution稀度稀釋法hematopoietic造血的marrow骨髓intravenously靜脈的recipient接受者leukemic白血病的analogous類似的模擬的hamster田鼠spleen脾inoculum接種constant常數(shù)minimum最小的situcrypt隱窩intestine腸histological組織學(xué)的slope斜坡6.05Mathematicalaspect數(shù)學(xué)角度Scale標(biāo)尺刻度Linear線性的Region區(qū)域Exponentially指數(shù)的Random隨機Deposition沉淀沉積Inactivate滅活A(yù)ttenuation衰減Integrate集成殍密*uoijeDiidujOD國汲asiiuojdiuojZ0'9目異uujn|O3P!°^§!sBWuo!spsd刷阜垂|8。!】脂/\90'9導(dǎo)拗appuioj刷書拗AlieDOAinbaun同aABDUOD宛快Ajbjjuod喜昴f叫昴fJuaujajDui凜遂jajaiuejej￥"我括M3Biuoijeiodejjxa凜快主§o|!iuas刷￥"導(dǎo)P!|6A陽留aouaHConceptually概念的Mammalian哺乳動物Malignant惡性的Subsequent接下來后來的6.08Linacs直加Erythema紅斑Meson介子6.09Mitosis有絲（分裂）Synthesis合成Metabolic代謝的tritiatedthymidine氚標(biāo)記胸腺嘧啶核苷synchronized同步地asynchronously非同步地individualpattern個體模式6.10fractionation分餾法malignant惡性的elapse經(jīng)過significant顯著的verticalpulse垂直脈沖6.11isoresponsecurves等響應(yīng)曲線isodose等計量pelvicregion盆腔部位profile側(cè)面圖輪廓plateau高地symmetrical對稱的penalty懲罰isocentric同心的steepergradient陡梯度6.12Hypoxia低氧denominator分母evaluate估價dose-modifying計量修改kilopascals千帕capillaries毛細管metabolism新陳代謝morphological形態(tài)學(xué)的distinct清晰的necrotic壞死intermittent間歇性的modification修改demonstrated演示的intrinsically本質(zhì)上virtually實際上circumstantial'情況reoxygenation復(fù)氧potential潛性電極severe嚴(yán)重analogy模擬6.13Isoeffect等效Nominal名義的Recurrence復(fù)發(fā)重現(xiàn)Equivalent相當(dāng)?shù)膕quamouscarcinoma鱗狀癌breast胸部regime體制狀況mam