備考2020年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)介詞用法講解考點(diǎn)練習(xí)

...一、介詞短語(yǔ)的句法作用1、介詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。sThewoman<withafloweronherhead>isfromthecountryside.<定>Theteacherisnowwiththepupils.<表><老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起>2、介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置：介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾；介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后；介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.<狀語(yǔ)>Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.Thelettersareforyou.<表語(yǔ)>Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?<定語(yǔ)>二、介詞的詳細(xì)講解確切的時(shí)間:at7:30,ataquarterpastsix固定詞組搭配：atdawn,atnight,atmidnight,atnoon,atthattime,atthemomentofMayrd節(jié)日當(dāng)天:onChildren'sDay,onNewYear'sDay：onadarkevening,onasnowydaygn世紀(jì)：inthe20thcentury,inthelate18thcenturye.g.Hewillcomebackinanhour.他一小時(shí)后會(huì)回來(lái)。"after+一段時(shí)間"用于過(guò)去時(shí)nextlastthis語(yǔ)及tomorrow,tonight,yesterday,thedayaftertomorrow,...ago等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前及指示代詞,名詞所有格及形容詞性物主代詞前一般...for+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間段+agosince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子如：UncleLihasworkedinthisfactorysince1970.UncleLihasworkedinthisfactoryforover30years.6.其他常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間介詞after3days3daysbeforethrough貫穿…<期間>throughtheyear表地點(diǎn)的介詞at+小地方<場(chǎng)所如學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、劇場(chǎng)等>on+門(mén)牌,某層樓互換,但是表示"翻過(guò)…"時(shí)只能用over.ratranacrosstheroadThereisabridgeacross/overtheriver.Theyclimbedoverthemountainandarrivedthereaheadoftime.Thevisitorswentthroughabiggateintoanotherpark.between之間、ofntofthehallInthefrontofthehallstoodabigdesk..表方位的介詞between…and…從…到...,表方式、手段的介詞on騎<車(chē)>/徒<步>,通過(guò)<收音機(jī)/電視機(jī)>,with用<材料/工具>、用<手/腳/耳/眼>；：介詞:except、besides、exceptforexcept除掉…,不包括….,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含besides除了…還有,表示包含,即"不僅……又……"exceptfor美中不足如：EveryonewenttothePalaceMuseumexceptTom.><Tom沒(méi)有去故宮BesidesChinesehealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.<"漢語(yǔ)"也是他學(xué)的功課之一>介詞for：1.為了Idoitforyou.2.一段時(shí)間Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime3.對(duì)于It’sdifficultforhimtofinishthetask..4.因?yàn)镮amsorryforhismisfortune.ou2.對(duì)…而言Thepresentisimportanttome介詞with:1.由于…withpleasure2.帶有thegirlwithlonghair3.用Icanwritewithapen4.和….一起Wewillgowithyouwithout無(wú),沒(méi)有介詞in:1.在…<方面>dowellin2.在….時(shí)候intheevening3.在….地方inBeijing介詞on：1.關(guān)于/有關(guān)..abookonhistory2.在….時(shí)候onFriday3.在….上onthedesk介詞as:1.與…一樣Youhavethesameinterestasme.2.as作為/當(dāng)作...Heworksasawriter.from：1.來(lái)自comefrom2.從….到<to>…tellAfromBfromdoortodoorstop/prevent/protectsbfromdoingsth4、介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語(yǔ)分離,而且賓語(yǔ)前置。Hehasayoungerbrotherwhohemusttakegoodcareof.Doyouknowwhoourteacheristalkingwithoverthere?3動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。Ifinallyfoundachairtositon.arriveat/in<到達(dá)…>,onfoot<步行>,not…atall<根本不>,tothenorthof<在…以北>,intheeastof<在…的東部>,inthenight<在夜間>,atnight<在晚上>,beafraidof<害怕…>,befullof<充滿(mǎn)/裝滿(mǎn)….>,befilledwith<充滿(mǎn)/裝滿(mǎn)….>,begood/badfor<對(duì)…有益/有害>,bemadeof<.bemadefrom<由…制造>,playwith<玩耍……>,lookoutof<朝…外面看>,attheendof<在…末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)>,bytheendof<不遲于…/到…末為止>,withthehelpof<在…的幫助下>,withone’shelp<在…的幫助下>,lookafter<照料…>,lookfor<尋找…>,onabike<=bybike>騎車(chē),helpsb.with<幫某人做…>,geton<well>with<與某人相處[融洽]>,等等。三、某些介詞的用法辨析都可以表示"工具、手段",但是by主要表示"乘坐"某個(gè)交通工具或"以……方式",在被動(dòng)工具、手段。如：Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.Pleasewritethatarticle<文章>inEnglish.Let’sgotothezoobytaxi.ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.兩個(gè)詞都表示"像……",但是as譯為"作為……",表示的是職業(yè)、職務(wù)、作用等事實(shí),而批注：區(qū)別不明顯,不如舉例說(shuō)明：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.<說(shuō)話(huà)者是聽(tīng)者的父親>/Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.<說(shuō)話(huà)者不是聽(tīng)者的父親>3、attheendof、bytheendof、totheend、intheend的用法區(qū)別：attheendof…既可以表示時(shí)間也可以表示地點(diǎn),譯為"在…末；在…盡頭",常與過(guò)去時(shí)bytheendof…只能表示時(shí)間,譯為"在…前；到…為止",常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)；totheend譯為"到…的終點(diǎn)為止",前面往往有表示運(yùn)動(dòng)或連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。如：Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned16unitsofBookIII.Attheendoftheroadyoucanfindabigwhitehousewithbrownwindows.TheyleftforBeijingattheendoflastweek.Intheendhesucceededinthefinalexams.Weshouldgoonwiththeworktotheend.Followthisroadtotheendandyouwillseeapostoffice.Theyhadnochoice<選擇>buttofight.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.TheweddingofPrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwasheldinWestminsterCathedral__________April29,2017....A.inB.onC.atD.by2.Theyarrivedthereacoldwinterevening.A.onB.inC.duringD.at3.Lucythinksyoungpeoplecanlearnhowtocareforothers____keepingpets.A..atB.onC.inD.by4.GuoJingming,24,hastoppedthe2011RichListofChineseWriters,whichwaspublished______November21,2011.A.inB.onC.atD.for5.Whetherourschoolwillgototheamusementparknextweekdepends_______theweather.A.aboutB.onC.ofD.in6.A:Whendiditbegintosnow?B:Itstarted______thenight.A.duringB.byC.fromD.at7.Thepostmancriedoutdownstairs,"Mr.Anderson,hereisaletter_____you."A.ofB.onC.withD.for8.Joycewroteanarticle_______howtoimproveourmemoryfortheschoolnewspaper.A.forB.onC.inD.at9.JessieiskeenwatchingtheTVshowOneoutof100attheweekend.A.onB.inC.toD.with10._______December11,2001,Chinaformallybecamethe143rdmemberoftheWTOA.inB.OnC.AtD.Until11.TheYangtzeRiverruns____________themountains,throughthebeautifulThreeGorgesandfinallyintothesea.A.atB.toC.onD.Down12.IhearourheadteacherwillbebackfromUSAthreeweeks'time.A.atB.ofC.inD.with13.YoucanimproveyourspokenEnglishusingitmoreandmore..A.inB.atC.byD.from14.Theworstfireoccurred<發(fā)生>inHongKongNovember30,2011.A.inB.onC.atD.by15.Jackwasluckytogettwotickets________thatconcert.A.forB.inC.onD.about16.MyunclewantstobuyanewhouseasmallgardenbesidetheDianshanLake.A.atB.ofC.inD.with17.TheNBAisinalockout<停擺>becauseplayersandownersfailedtoreachanewdealJuly1st.A.inB.onC.atD.since18.Itwasnotagoodexplanation,butitsatisfiedEddie____thetimebeing.A.onB.atC.forD.with練習(xí)二:1.---Iamnot_____thiscity.Wouldyoupleaseintroduceittome?---Withpleasure.A.familiartoB.familiarinC.familiarforD.familiarwith2.Thisareaisfamous_____itsapplesanditisfamous_____thehomeofapple.A.with;forB.for;asC.for;asD.as;to3.Theplanforanewairporthavebeenscrapped__________anextensiontotheoldone.A.infavourB.outoffavourC.infavourofD.favourite4.Theyhurriedaway_____fearthatshouldbecaughtinrain.A.inB.forC.atD.on5.Twodogs______abone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.A.fightbackB.fightwithC.fightagainstD.fightfor6.Whenthegoodnewscamethatourfootballteamwonthechampionship,thehallwasatonce_______greatjoy....A.filledofB.fullwithC.filledwithD.fillwith7.ThePrimeMinisterwasmorefit__________hisofficethananyoneelse.A.forB.toC.withD.of8.Whentheboyplayingbytheriverfellintotheriver,IwasoutoftheroomA.inrushB.inarushC.asarushD.forarush9.Withtheguideleadingtheway,thevisitorswereabletotravelthroughtheforestnotbyairbut_____foot.A.byB.onC.inD.with10.Iknowitisdifficult__________himtotalklikethelecturer,butIthinkheshouldgraspeverychance.A.ofB.forC.withD.over[Keys]1~5DCCBD6~10CABBB練習(xí)三:介詞易錯(cuò)題訓(xùn)練1.MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaiareabletotalkandwriteEnglishthesedays.<04>A.forB.withC.inD.to2.Mum,todayisMother’sDay.MikeandIwanttoinviteyoutohavedinnerusatShanghaiRestaurant,whichisfamous________itsseafood.<03>A.with,ofB.with,forC.for,toD.to,for3Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopularforeigners.〔02A.amongB.forC.inD.to4.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleaseteJlmephone.〔02A.atB.byC.onD.through.5.TheforeignersarrivedShanghailatenight.〔01A.at...atB.in...atC.in...inD.at...in6,6,—Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?---.A.Inthreeday’B.Afterthreedays...C.Inthreedays’timeD.Afterthreeday'stime7.YesterdaymorningTomhurriedtoclasshisschoolbooks,sohehadtoshareMary’s.A.withoutB.forC.withD.past8.---IhaveyouhavegotatickettheOpeningCeremonyoftheBeijingOlympics.-----Yes,Igotitmyuncle.A.of,fromB.to,byC.to,fromD.for,to9.I’dlikeacupofcoffeesomesugarandmilk.A.inB.toC.ofD.with10.It’snotalwaysnecessarytolookupthewordsthedictionarywhilereading.Sometimesweneedtoguess.<06XX>A.onB.inC.atD.from11.—WhydidyouallgoswimmingTom?---Becausehewasillathome.A.withB.besidesC.besideD.except12.Afterclass,IlikeplayingcomputergamesandchattingmyfriendstheInternet.A.to,byBwith,onC.for,inD.about,through13.Ben’scompositionisalmostperfectseveralspellingmistakes.A.exceptB.exceptforC.besidesD.beside14.It’simportantthepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplayi