2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷

2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷

SectionA.1．(★)AGreatFriendshipThomasJeffersonandJamesMadisonmetin1776．Couldithavebeenanyotheryear？TheyworkedtogetherandstartedtofurtherAmericanRevolutionandlatertoshapetheofficialnewplanofgovernment，（21）（develop）aclosefriendship，whichlastedfor50years．Therewere（22）（share）purposesandacommonendonbothsides．Fourandahalfmonths（23）hedied，whenhewasillandworriedabouthisfamily，Jeffersonwrotetohislongtimefriend．HiswordsandMadison'sreplyremindusthatfriendsarefriendstilldeath．

"Thefriendshipwhich（24）（exist）betweenusforhalfacentury，theharmonyofourpoliticalprinciplesandpursuitshavebeensourcesofconstanthappinesstomethroughthatlongperiod．It'salsobeenagreatcomforttome（25）（believe）thatyouareengagedinvindicating（證實(shí)）totheyoungergenerationthecoursethatwe'vepursuedforpreservingtothem．Ifevertheearthhasnoticedasystemofadministrationconductedwith（26）singleandkeeneyetothegeneralinterestandhappinessofthosecommittedto，itmustbethesystemprotectedbytruth，to（27）ourliveshavebeendevoted．Tomyself，youhavebeenagreatsupporterthroughoutlife．TakecareofmewhendeadandbeassuredthatIshouldleavewithyoumylastAffections．"

Aweeklater，Madisonreplied．

"Youcannotlookback（28）thelongperiodofourprivatefriendshipandpoliticalharmonywithmoreaffectingrecollectionsthanIdo．（29）theyareasourceofpleasuretoyou，itisthesametome．Wecannotbedeprived（失去）ofthehappyconsciousnessofthepuredevotiontothepublicgoodandIhaveconfidence（30）sufficientevidencewillfinditswaytoanothergenerationtoensure，afterwearegone，whateverofjusticemaybewithheldwhilewearehere．"

SectionB2．(★★★)A．a(chǎn)nalysisB．usuallyC．a(chǎn)ssuresD．poursE．developmentF．necessary

G．cloudyH．a(chǎn)bsentI．cultivateJ．a(chǎn)llowK．extremelyHeiskindly2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。TheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr．a(chǎn)ndMrs．F．ScottFitzgerald，andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton，whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto（31）himselfintoagreatauthor．Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor．Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife（32）meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise，butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit（33）toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround．ThatTheVegetable，hisplay，didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohavedisappointedratherthandiscouragedhim．Heisstill（34）light-hearted．

Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists．Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle，northesuperbqualityofhissatire（諷刺）．Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand（35）ofcharacter．Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathispeculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill（36）．

BorninSt．Paul，heattendedPrinceton，servedintheArmy，wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp，achievedfameandfortune，marriedaSoutherngirl，hasachildandlivesinNewYork．Atheart，heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters．ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF．ScottFizgerald，andintohisownbestworkhe（37）greatefforts．Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers，andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness．Ihaveknownhim，afterreadingayoungfellow-novelist'sbook，totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy，careful（38）．

Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains（39）．Withafirmerreputationthanthatoftheotheryoungpeople，heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet，CyrilHume．Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework．Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe（40）theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls．2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。

ReadingComprehensionSectionA3．(★★)StandardsforSchools：DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability（績效）2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第2頁。Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteacher'sknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichtheywork．Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades，timeforteacherstowork（41）withstudentstoaccomplishchallenginggoals，opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother，andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir（42）．

Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible，theymust，likeotherprofessionalorganizations，makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives．Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmeetregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe（43）ofeachaspectoftheirwork-apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation（評定）requirements，-schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness．

AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation：GettingAccountabilityRight，school-levelaccountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool（44），likethosecommoninmanyothernations，inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms，（45）samplesofstudentwork，andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences，（46）lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores，graduationrates，andsoon．Insomecases，principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons．Inthisway，theinspectorsareabletomake（47）abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence（能力）forprincipals．Asdescribedearlier，inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe（48）andcomparabilityofschool-basedassessments（asinEnglandandAustralia），aswellasschool'sinternalassessmentandevaluationprocess（asinHongKong）．

Inmostcountries'inspectionsystems，schoolsareratedonthequalityofinstructionandotherservicesandsupports，aswellasstudents'（49）andprogressonawiderangeofaspects，includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas，suchasextra-curricular，personalandsocial（50），theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe（51）towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda（52）lifestyle．Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection，needmodestimprovements，orrequireseriousintervention（介入），andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspectorsbothsawand（53）．Reportsarepubliclyposted．Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert（54）andsupport，andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits．Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe（55）iftheyarenotimproved．

2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第3頁。2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第2頁。2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第3頁。41．A．occasionallyB．closelyC．strictlyD．peacefully42．A．challengesB．competenceC．curriculumD．practices43．A．effectivenessB．faultsC．progressD．requirements44．A．instructionB．protectionC．inspectionD．consideration45．A．takingB．improvingC．examiningD．copying46．A．a(chǎn)sfarasB．ratherthanC．otherthanD．a(chǎn)swellas47．A．judgmentsB．decisionsC．inquiriesD．suggestions48．A．quantityB．qualityC．instructionD．support49．A．educationB．performanceC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．interest50．A．responsibilityB．structureC．resourcesD．benefits51．A．frequencyB．consistenceC．satisfactionD．extent52．A．comparableB．healthyC．differentD．unique53．A．a(chǎn)ppreciatedB．criticizedC．recommendedD．rewarded54．A．a(chǎn)ttentionB．programsC．evaluationD．explanations55．A．setdownB．putdownC．closeddownD．pulleddown

SectionB22%4．(★★)NATIONALGEOGRAPHICNEWSHumanAnimalNewsAncientWorldSpaceTechCultureWarningfromExperts2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第4頁。Agrowingamountofhuman-madeorbitaldebris（太空軌道殘?。┮籪romrocketstagesandout-of-datesatellite---iscirclingtheEarth．Scientistssaytheorbitaldebris，betterknownasspacejunk，posesanincreasingthreattospaceactivities．"Thisisagrowingenvironmentalproblem，"saidNicholasJonson，thechiefscientistandprogrammanagerfororbitaldebrisatNASA（美國航空航天局）inHouston，Texas．

Johnsonandhisteamhavedevelopedacomputermodelcapableofsimulatingpastandfutureamountsofspacejunk．Themodelpredictsthatevenwithoutfuturerocketorsatellitelaunches，theamountofdebrisinloworbitaroundEarthwillremainsteadythrough2055，afterwhichitwillincrease．Whilecurrenteffortshavefocusedolimitingfuturespacejunk，thesescientistssayremovinglargepiecesofoldspacejunkwillsoonbenecessary．

Sincethefirstlaunchofsatellitein1957，humanshavebeengeneratingspacejunk．TheU．S．SpaceSurveillanceNetworkiscurrentlytrackingover13，000human-madeobjectslargerthantencentimetersindiameterorbitingtheEarth．"Ofthe13000objects，over40percentcamefrombreakupsofbothspacecraftandrocketbodies，"Johnsonsand．Inaddition，therearehundredsofthousandsofsmallerobjectsinspace．Theseincludeeverythingfrompiecesofplastictobitsofpaint．Muchofthissmallerjunkhascomefromexplodingrocketstages．Stagesaresectionsofarocketthathavetheirownfuelorengines．

Theseobjectstravelatspeedsover35，000kilometersanhour．Atsuchhighspeed，evensmalljunkcantearholesinaspacecraftordisableasatellitebycausingelectricalshortsthatresultfromcloudsofsuperheatedgas．

Johnsonbelievesitmaybetimetothinkabouthowtoremovejunkfromspace．Previousproposalsrangefromsendingupspacecraftstograbjunkandbringitdowntousinglaserstoslowanobject'sorbittocauseittofallbacktoEarthmorequickly．Givencurrenttechnology，thoseproposalsappearneithertechnicallynoreconomicallypractical，"Spacejunkislikeanyenvironmentalproblem．"Johnsonadmits．"It'sgrowing．Ifyoudon'tdealwithitnow，itwillonlybecomeworse，andthesolutionsinthefuturearegoingtobeevenmorecostly．"

56．Whatisthispassagemainlytalkingabout？

A．Advancedtechnologyisusedtoremovespacesjunk

B．NASAisresponsiblefortheenvironmentalproblem．

C．Cleaningupthespacejunkisgreatlyneeded

D．Humanactivitiesgeneratemuchorbitaldebris

57．Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage？

A．Rocketlaunchesproducemoredebristhansatellitelaunches

B．Spacejunkisendangeringhumanbeings'spaceactivities

C．It'snecessarytocleanupthelargepiecesofoldspacejunk

D．Evenatinypieceofspacejunkcandestroyaspacecraft

58．WhatdoesJohnthinkofthepreviousproposalstograbspacejunkandbringitdowntotheearth？

A．ReasonableB．UnbelievableC．ReliableD．Impractical2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第4頁。2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第5頁。5．(★★)ABCNews：ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictnowcansubmittoiris（虹膜）scans，asthetechnologythathelpskeepournation'sairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives．

TheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictlaunchedthishigh-techsecuritysystemonMondaywithfundingfromtheDepartmentofJusticeaspartofastudyonthesystem'seffectiveness．

Asmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict，butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool，theywillbeaskedtoregisterwiththedistrict'sirisrecognitionsecurityandvisitormanagementsystem．Atthispoint，theNewJerseyprogramisnotamust．

Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson，thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice．Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds．

ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport，wheretheprogramhasbeeninoperationsinceJuly．Ithas12，000subscriberswhopay﹩79.95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks．

Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetails-farmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints．Thechancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes．

PhilMeara，theFreeholdDistrictofficial，saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive，theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection．"Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis，hereinNewJersey，onschoolsafety，"hesaid．"Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem．"

Mearaappliedfora﹩369，000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool．Sofar，300ofthenearly1，500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschoolhaveregisteredfortheeyescansystem．

59．WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem？

A．Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren．

B．ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools．

C．Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem．

D．Tocollecttheinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents．

60．What'stheadvantageoftheeyescansystemoverfingerprints？

A．Havingmanymoresubscribersthroughoutthecountry．

B．Authorizingtheadultstopickupchildrenmoreflexibly．

C．Attractingparentsinalargerproportiontoregisterforit．

D．Makingalmostnomistakesinidentifyingtheauthorized．

61．HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren？

A．Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem．

B．Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools．

C．Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram．

D．ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp．

62．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage？

A．ParentsFavortheEyeScanSystem

B．SecurityManagementNeedsImproving．

C．HighTechnologyComestoSchool

D．IrisScannersareInventedintheCountry．2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第5頁。2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第6頁。6．(★★★)DustyNash，anangelic-lookingblondchildofseven，awokeat5onerecentmorninginhisChicagohomeandbegantothrowafit．Hecriedandkicked．Everymuscleinhis50-1b．bodyflewinviolentmotion．Finally，afterabout30minutes，DustyPulledhimselftogethersufficientlytoheaddownstairsforbreakfast．Whilehismotherwasbusyinthekitchen，theextremelyexcitedchildpulledaboxofKixcerealfromthecupboardandsatonachair．

Butsittingstillwasnoteasythismorning．Aftergrabbingsomecerealwithhishands，hebegankickingthebox，scatteringlittleroundcompuffsacrosstheroomNextheturnedhisattentiontotheTVset，orrather，thetablesupportingit．Thetablewascoveredwithacheck-boardCon-Tactpaper，andDustybeganpeelingitoff．Thenhebecameinterestedinthespilledcerealandstartedsmashingitintobits．

Itwasonly7：30，andhismotherKyleNash，whoteachesamedical-schoolcourseondeathanddying，wasalreadyfeelinghalfdeadfromexhaustion．Dustywastoseehisdoctorsthatdayat4，andtheyhadaskedhernottogivetheboythedrugheusuallytakestocontrolhisextremeexcitementandattentionproblems，aconditionknownasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（ADHD）．ItwasgoingtobeaverylongdaywithouthelpfromRitain，apowerfuldrugwhichsomepeopletakeforpleasure，butwhichtheycanbecomeaddictedto．

KarenneBloomgardenrememberssuchdaysalltoowellThespirited，43-year-oldbossandgymteacherwasadisasterasachildgrowingupinNewJersey．Ididverypoorlyinschool"sherecalls．Herteachersandparentswereconstantlyonhercasefortoughbehavior．"TheyjustfeltIwasbeingbad---tooloud，toophysical，tooeverything"Anaughtytomboywithfewfriends，shesawapsychologistatage10．"butnobodycameupwithadiagnosis"．Asateenagershebeganprescribingherownmedication：marijuana，andlatercocaine．

TheathleticBloomgardenmanagedtogetintocollege，butsheadmitsthatshecheatedherwaytoadiploma"Iwouldstudyandstudy，andIwouldn'trememberathing．Ireallyfeltitwasmyfault．"Aftergraduating，shedidfineinphysicallyactivejobsbutwasanxiousaboutadministrativework．Then，fouryeasago，adoctorputalabelonhertroubles：ADHD．"It'sbeensuchaweighoffmyshoulders"saysBloomgarden，whotakesbothstimulantRitalinandtheantidepressantZolofttoimproveherconcentration．"Ihad38yearsofthinkingIwasabadperson．NowI'mrewritingthetapesofwhoIthoughtIwastowhoIreallyam．"

63．Whatdoesthephrase"throwafit"inthe1stparagraphprobablymean？

A．turnoneselfaroundcasually

B．falldowntothegroundcarelessly

C．loseone'stempersuddenly

D．shoutandcomplainloudly

64．WhydidDustyNashmesstheroom？

A．Hewasreluctanttolistentohismother

B．Hecouldn'tfocusonanythingforawhile

C．Heforgottotakethemedicineheusuallytook

D．Hewasafraidtoseethedoctorwithhismother．

65．Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith

A．thevisiblesymptomsofthediseaseADHD

B．theprecisedefinitionofthediseaseADHD

C．Dusty'sexperiencesinhischildhoodandcollege

D．Karenne'sconfessingofcheatingtogetadiploma

66．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？

2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第7頁。A．Dustywenttoseehisprivatedoctoreveryweekinthepastyears．

B．Dusty'smothertookcareofhimtillhewasadmittedtoacollege

C．ApsychologistexaminedKarenneandcuredherseriousdisease．

D．Karennedidn'tknowherselfwelluntilshewasdiagnosedwithADHD2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第6頁。2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第7頁。

SectionC7．(★★)A．Someexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts．

B．Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade．

C．InancientGreekmyths，Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighlycivilized．

D．ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture．

E．Minoanculturedidn'texistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth．

F．Althoughnotyetdecoded，writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts．TheMinoans：AForgottenPeople2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第8頁。ThefirstadvancedcultureinancientGreecewastheMinoanculture．Forthousandsofyears，knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths．Inthelate19thcentury，archaeologistsbegantounearthruins．ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece．OnadiginKbossos，Evansfoundanancientpalace．ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKingMinos，acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths．

（67）Withhisteam，heuncoveredavaststructure，variedworksofart，andmanyhieroglyphicrecords，Thesefinds，togetherwithlaterfinds，compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture．

Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered，itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime．ThepalaceatKnossoswasfivefloorshighwithhundredsofrooms．Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets．Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads．Inaddition，theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong-distancetrade．（68）Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture．

ExpertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffersinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety．（69）Ruinsandartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality．ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls，thenaturalworld，andmanyfemalegods．

AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests．SportandvisualartswerecentraltoMinoanlife．Boxingandbulljumping，asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls，werepopular．Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose，expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun．Similarly，althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes，otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdécor（裝飾品）．（70）

TheMinoansmettheirdemiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters．ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland．2018年上海市長寧區(qū)高考英語二模試卷全文共10頁，當(dāng)前為第8頁。

SummaryWriting8．(★★★)SummaryWriting

TheConflictoftheO