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初二英語閱讀20篇
(1)
Livinganddealingwithkidscanbeatoughjobthesedays,butlivingand
dealingwithparentscanbeeventougher.IfIhavelearnedanythinginmy16years,it
isthatcommunicationisveryimportant,bothwhenyoudisagreeandwhenyouget
along.Withanyrelationship,youneedtoletotherpersonknowhowyouarefeeling.
Ifyouarenotabletocommunicate,youdriftapart.Whenyouaremadatyourparents,
oranyoneelse,nottalkingtothemdoesn'tsolveanything.Communicationbegins
withtheconcerns(關(guān),心)ofanother.Itmeansthatyoucan'tjustcomehomefrom
school,gouptoyourroomandtakenonoticetoanyone.Evenifyoujustsay"Hi”,
andseehowtheirdaywasforfiveminutes,itisbetterthannothing.Ifyoulookedup
theword“communication"inadictionary,itwouldsay“theexchangeofideas,
theconveyance(表達(dá))ofinformation,correspondence(通信),meansof
communication:aletteroramessage”.
Tokeepagoodrelationship,youmustkeepcommunicationstrong.Letpeople
knowhowyoufeel,evenifit'sjustbywritinganote.Whendealingwithparents,you
alwayshavetomakethemfeelgoodabouthowtheyaredoingasaparent.Ifyouare
tryingtomakethemseesomethingasyouseeit,tellthemthatyou'lllistentowhat
theyhavetosay,andaskthempolitelytolistentoyou.Shoutingorwalkingaway
onlymakesthesituationworse.
Hereisanexample:onenight,Sophiewenttoastreetpartywithherfriends.She
knewshehadtobehomebymidnightafterthefireworks,butshedidn'tfeelshe
couldjustasktogohome.Thatwouldberude.Afterall,theyhadbeenniceenoughto
takeheralongwiththem.Needlesstosay,shewaslategettinghome.Herparents
weremadatfirst,butwhenSophieexplainedwhyshewaslate,theyweren'tasmad
andletitgo.
Communicationisthekeyhere.IfSophie'sparentshadnotbeenwillingto
listen,Sophiewouldhavebeeninalotoftrouble.Communicationisn'taone-way
matter:itgoesbothways.Justremember:ifyougetintoasituationlikeSophie's,
tellingtheotherpersonhowyoufeel------listeningisthekeytocommunication.
1.Inthewriter'sview,dealingwithparentsisthanwithchildren.
A.moredifficultB.mucheasierC.lessinterestingD.moreinteresting
2.Theunderlinedphrase“driftapart“inParagraph2means.
A.keepupwithothersB.movealongsmoothly
C.distanceyourselfformothersD.comeclosertoeachother
3.TheexampleinParagraph6showsthat.
A.Sophieisverypolitetoherparents
B.Sophie'sparentsarewillingtolistentoher
C.Sophiedidwellinexplainingherbeinglate
D.communicationisthesolutiontomisunderstanding
4.A11thefollowingstatementsarecorrectexcept"
A.Communicationisatwo-waymatter
B.Itisbettertosay"Hi"toothersthansaynothing
C.Ifyoudon'tagreewithothers,you'dbetterletthemknow
D.Whendealingwithparents,youonlyneedtolistentothem
(2)
OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeople
interviewed,oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeoneto
startafamilywith.
Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimate
relationships?Doesmodemlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewe
makingitharderfbrourselves?
Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentways
fromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityor
status.Amandoesn*texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishousehold
andraisinghischildren.
Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnership
meansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.
Intheory,findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafew
generationsago,yourchoiceofsoulmate(心上人)wasconstrainedbygeography,
socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit,many
maniageswereessentiallyaiTanged.
Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrain
surgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster
(牡蠣),yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.
Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighter
constraint:thetyrannyofchoice.
Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooks,
impressivesalary,kindtograndmother,andrightsocks.ThereisnoroomfbreiTorin
thefirstimpression.
Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't,itisdisposable.Weworkto
protectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon*tputinthehardemotionallabor
neededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse,thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.The
costofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareer
beforealifepartnership.
1.Whatdoestherecentpollshow?
A.Itisgettingmoredifficultforawomantofindherhusband.
B.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttostartafamily.
C.Itisgettingmoredifficultforamantofindhiswife.
D.Itisgettingincreasinglydifficulttodevelopanintimaterelationshipwithyour
spouse.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?
A.Thewifedoesn'thavetoraisethechildrenallbyherself.
B.Thehusbanddoesn'thavetosupportthefamilyallbyhimself.
C.Thewifeisnolongertheonlypersontomanagethehousehold.
D.Theywillreceivealargesumofmoneyfromthegovernment.
3.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone'schoiceofsoulmateinthe
olddays?
A.Thehealthconditionofhisorhergrandmother.
B.Thegeographicalenvironment.
C.Thesocialconvention.
D.Thefamilytradition.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?
A.Goodlooks.
B.Animpressivecareer.
C.Ahighsalary.
D.Afinesenseofhumor.
5.Theword"sustain"(paragraph2)couldbebestreplacedby
A."reduce”.
B.nshake".
C."maintain0.
D."weaken”.
(3)
Thissummer'sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaythe
world'sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.The
fansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazil,Germany,orItaly.
WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilian?Ourstyleofplayingfootballcontrasts
withtheEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurprise,accuracyand
goodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfans
onlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994,theteamabandonedthisstyleformodern,
scientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecup,butinaboringway.
TheItaliansthinkdifferently."TomanyItalians,thescore0-0hasaglorious
quality,suggestingperfection/saystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.Inthe
Italianculture,theideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsare
traditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefences.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffonce
saidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It'sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem.
InHolland,thereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentand
discussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview."Every
Dutchplayerwantstocontrolthegame,"saysArnoldMuhren."Youplayfootball
withyourbrainsandnotyourfeet."
“ADutchplayerargues,nsaysSimonKuper."AnEnglishplayerobeyshis
superior.Heisasoldier.nThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strength,
aggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.Butitalsomeansthatthe
Englishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedfbr
hisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker.
IftheEnglishliketofight,theGermansliketowin.Inrecentyears,Germanyhas
triedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryat
allcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnational
footballteam."Footballisasimplegame/GaryLinekeroncesaid."Youkickaball
aboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin."
It'sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear'sWorldCup.Thereisnostrong
favorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenations
withthestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseems
thatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheBrazilianstyleofplaying
football?
A.Accuracy.
B.Surprise.
C.Goodjudgment.
D.Ruthlessefficiency.
2.WhydomanyItaliansthinkthatthescore0-0hasagloriousquality?
A.Becauseitmakesnooneloseface.
B.BecausetheItalianteamisnotverystrong.
C.BecauseItaliansarenicepeople.
D.Becausethatscoreiswhattheirteamcouldobtain.
3.WhatisoneexpectedtodoinHolland?
A.Toplayfootball.
B.Toexpresshisorheropinionfreely.
C.Tomakeafussaboutnothing.
D.Tobeathisorheropponentsruthlessly.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheBritishfootballplayers?
A.Theyareaggressive.
B.Theyarecourageous.
C.Theyplayfootballforfriendship.
D.Theyobeytheirsuperiors.
5.Whowillwinthisyear'sWorldCup?
A.TheBrazilianteam.
B.TheItalianteam.
C.TheGermanTeam.
D.Itisunpredictable.
(4)
Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor“analyzed”,untilithasbeenreadaloudby
someone,teacherorstudent.Betterstill,perhaps,isthepracticeofreadingittwice,
onceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheend,sothesoundofthepoem
isthelastthingonehearsofit.
Alldiscussionsofpoetryare,infact,preparationsforreadingitaloud,andthe
readingofthepoemis,finally,themosttelling“interpretation”ofit,suggestingtone,
rhythm,andmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoice,
onrecordsoronfilm,isobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteaching
cannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitor,bestofall,recitingit.
Ihavecometothink,infact,thattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmore
importantthan"analyzing"it,ifthereisn'ttimeforboth.Ithinkoneofourgoalsas
teachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis“acriticismoflife”,and
“aheightening(提升)oflife,\Itis"anapproachtothetruthoffeeling^^,andit"can
saveyourlife".Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemore
centralthanitpresentlyoccupies.
IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodonet
likeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteach
poetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnature,aboutitssoundas
wellasitssense,andtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryas
wellasthinkingaboutit.
1.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoem,oneshould
Adiscussitwithothers.
Banalyzeitbyoneself.
Ccopyitdowninanotebook
Dpractisereadingitaloud
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafunctionofpoetry?
AExtendingyourlife.
BSavingyourlife.
CCriticizinglife.
DHeighteninglife.
3.Accordingtothewriter,oneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishisto
getstudents
Atounderstandlife.
Btoenjoypoetry.
Ctobecometeachers.
Dtobecomepoets
4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?
AMorestressshouldbelaidontheteachingofpoetry.
BPoetryismoreimportantthananyothersubject.
COnecannotenjoylifefullywithoutanunderstandingofpoetry
DPoetryisthefoundationofalllanguageandliteraturecourses
5.Thephrase“makeroom“inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplaced
by
A“buildabooth^^
B"provideequipment”.
C“l(fā)eaveacertainamountoftime”.
D“setasideenoughspace”.
(5)
EvenancientEgypt'smightypyramid(金字塔)builderswerepowerlessinthe
faceofthefamine(饑荒)thathelpedbringdowntheircivilizationaround2180
B.C..NowevidencecollectedfrommuddepositedbytheRiverNilesuggeststhata
shiftinclimatethousandsofkilometerstothesouthwasultimatelytoblame—andthe
sameorworsecouldhappentoday.
TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile'sannualfloodstoirrigatetheir
crops.ButanychangeinclimatethatpushedtheAfricanmonsoons(季風(fēng))southwards
outofEthiopiawould
havereducedthesefloods.
DecliningrainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhavemeantfewerplantsto
stabilizethesoil.Whenrainfell,itwouldhavewashedlargeamountsofsoilintothe
BlueNileandintoEgypt,alongwithsediment(沉積)firomtheWhiteNile.
BlueNilemudhasadifferentisotope(同位素)signaturefromthatofthewhite
Nile.SobyanalyzingisotopedifferencesinmuddepositedintheNileDelta.Michael
KromofLeeds
Universityworkedoutwhatproportionofsedimentcamefromeachbranchofthe
river.Kromreasonsthatduringperiodsofdrought,theamountofBlueNilemudin
theriverwouldberelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneoftheseperiods,from4500to
4200yearsago。
immediatelycamebeforethefalloftheEgypt'soldKingdom.
TheweakenedwaterswouldhavebeendisasterfortheEgyptians.??Changesthat
affectfoodsupplydon'thavetobeverylargetohavearipple(波浪)effectin
societies,“saysBillRyanoftheLamontDohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork.
Similareventstodaycouldbeevenmoredevastating,saysteammemberDaniel
Stanley,a
scientistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C."Anythinghumansdo
toshifttheclimatebeltswouldhaveanevenworseeffectalongtheNilesystemtoday
becausethe
populationshaveincreaseddramatically.”
1.Whydoestheauthormention“Egypt'smightypyramidbuilders""?
A.Becausetheyonceworkedmiracles.
B.Becausetheywerewell-built.
C.Becausetheywereactuallyveryweak.
D.Becauseeventheywereunabletorescuetheircivilization.
2.Whichofthefollowingfactorswasultimatelyresponsibleforbringingd
ownthecivilizationofancientEgypt?
A.Changeofclimate.
B.Corrulption.
C.flood.
D.Populationgrowth.
3.whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.TheWhiteNileisthetrunkoftheRiverNile.
B.TheWhiteNileisthetrunkoftheBlueNile.
C.TheWhiteNileisabranchoftheBlueNile.
D.TheWhiteNileisabranchoftheRiverNile.
4.AccordingtoKrom,theEgypCsoldKingdomfell
A.immediatelyafteraperiodofdrought.
B.immediatelyafteraperiodofflood.
C.justbeforeadroughtstruck.
D.justbeforeafloodstruck.
5.Theword“devastating“inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby
A."frustrating".
B.”damaging".
C."defeating?
D."worrying".
(6)
WhenPatriciaRochesterdecidedtogobacktoschoolaftertenyearsasastaff
nurseatTorontoWesternHospital,heremployernotonlycheeredheron.butalso
Paidhertuitionandgaveheradayoffwithpayeveryweektostudy.Throughouther
yearsatthehospital,Rochester
hasalsotakenworkshopsoneverythingfromcoachingpeerstocareer
development------coursesthatshebelieveshavehelpedheradvanceatwork.'Tm
nowheadofthementoring(指導(dǎo))programfornewhires.studentsandstaff
nurses."shesays."There'salotofroomforpersonalimprovementhere.”
Perhapsasimportant,Rochestersaysheremployersupportsandvaluesher
work."Ifyouputinovertime,“thenursepointsOut."yougetyourmeals-they'11
orderinpizzaorGreekfoodorChinese."Andifstaffersfeelstiffandstressedfrom
toomanyhoursontheward,theycancallforaflee15-minuteshoulder-and-neck
massage(按摩)orevensignupforaneight-week
eveningcourseonmeditationskillsandstress-relief.Ifthat'snotenough,employees
cantakeadvantageoffivefamilydaysayearthatcanbeusedifthekidscomedown
withthefluoran
agingparentneedsferryingtoanimportantdoctor'sappointmentAndtheyhave
accesstoa
rangeofperks(好處)suchasspecialratesonhotelrooms,drugstorepurchases,and
scholarshipsforemployees9children.
Youmightwonderhowanorganizationcanprovidesuchresourcesandstill
survive.ButUniversityHealthNetworkisoneofanumberofprogressiveemployers
inCanadathathavediscoveredthatinvestinginstaffisgoodbusiness.
Ifsuchinitiativeshelpcompaniescutdownonturnover(人員更替)alone,they're
wellworthwhile,saysPremBenimadhu,avice—presidentattheConferenceBoardof
Canada.Itcosts
anywherefrmn$3.300torehiresupportstaff,anaverage$13,300fortechnicalstaff
andawhopping(巨資)$43,000foranexecutiveposition,accordingtoonestudyof
ConferenceBoardmembersInnovativeinitiativeshelpcompaniesattracttalented
employees,cutdownonsickdays(whichcostCanadianbusinessesanestimated$17
billionayear,oranaverageof$3,550perEmployee)andkeepemployeesmore
interestedintheirwork.Withthesubstantialtalentshortagethatalreadyexistsin
Canadaandtheprospectofmassretirementoverthenextfiveyears-asmanyas50
or60percentinsomesectors-Benimadhusaysthatintelligentemployersareputting
arenewedfbcusonthepeoplewhoworkforthem.
1.WhenRochesterdecidedtogotoschool,heremployer
A.persuadedhertochangehermind
B.firedher.
C.cheeredheron.
D.discouragedher.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytoeaseonewSstiffn
essandstress?
A.Totakeaneight-weekeveningcourseonmeditationskillsandstress-reli
ef.
B.Tocallforaflee15-minuteshoulder-and-neckmassage.
C.Tousefivefamilydays
D.TOaskforsickleave
3.Investmentinstaffhasbeenmotivated
A.toattractthepublic'sattention
B.toreducestaffturnover,
C.tosolvelabordisputes.
D.toshowofffinancialresources
4.Canadahasbeenshortof
A.talentedpeople.
B.timber.
C.fleshwater.
D.money.
5.Inparagraph2,thephrase"comedownwith“couldbebestreplacedby
A.shakeoff
B.getridof
c.get
D.cure
(7)
SpendingalotoftimewatchingTV,playingvideogamesandsurfingtheWeb
makeschildrenmorepronetoarangeofhealthproblemsincludingobesityand
smoking,USresearcherssaidyesterday.
USNationalInstitutesofHealth,YaleUniversityandtheCaliforniaPacific
MedicalCenterexpertsanalyzed173studiesdonesince1980inoneofthemost
comprehensiveassessmentstodateonhowexposuretomediasourcesimpactsthe
physicalhealthofchildrenandadolescents.
Thestudies,mostconductedintheUnitedStates,largelyfocusedontelevision,
butsomelookedatvideogames,films,music,andcomputerandInternetuse.Three
quartersofthemfoundthatincreasedmediaviewingwasassociatedwithnegative
healthoutcomes.
Thestudiesofferedstrongevidencethatchildrenwhogetmoremediaexposure
aremorelikelytobecomeobese,startsmokingandbeginearliersexualactivitythan
thosewhospendlesstimeinfrontofascreen,theresearcherssaid.
“Thefactthatitwasprobablymoreamatterofquantitythanactualcontentis
alsoaconcern.Wehaveamedia-saturatedliferightnowinthe21stcentury.And
reducingthenumberofhoursofexposureisgoingtobeabigissue.n
Expertsfordecadeshaveworriedabouttheimpactonyoungviewersofthe
violenceinsomeTVprograms,moviesandvideogames.Anotherissueisthatkids
arespendingtootimesittingonacouchwatchingTVorplayingcomputergames
whentheycouldberunningaroundoutside.
Onestudycitedinthereportfoundthatchildrenwhospentmorethaneight
hourswatchingTVperweekatage3weremorelikelytobeobeseat7.Andresearch
showsthatmanyUSchildren,eventoddlers,watchfarmore.
DrCaryGrossofYaleUniversitySchoolofMedicineinNewHaven,
Connecticut,anotheroftheresearchers,saidTVandothermediacontentcanhavea
profoundimpactonchildren'sattitudesandbeliefs,mostnotablyamongteens.
Anwerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage:
1.WhatmakesChildrenmorepronetoarangeofhealthproblemsincludingobesity
andsmoking?
2.Whydidexpertsanalyzethestudiesinoneofthemostcomprehensive
assessments?
3.Whatdidthestudiesfocuson?
4.Whichismoreimportant,thequantityorthecontentofmediaexposure?
5.Whatareexpertsfordecadeswomedabout?
6.TVandothermediacontentcanhaveaprofoundimpactonchildren'sattitudesand
beliefs,can'tit?
7.WhatdoyouthinkofspendingalotoftimewatchingTV,playingvideogamesand
surfingtheWeb?
(8)
Yangyang,12,fromNanjing,likesice-creamatMcDonald's.Theyusedtocost
twoyuan,butrecentlythepricebecame2.5yuan.WhileYangandotherice-cream
fanswonder,expertssayitcouldbebecauseofhighersugarprices.
Worldsugarpricesclimbed60percentin2005and12percentthisyear.In
China,akilogramofsugarsoldfor5.04yuanlastFebruary.It's5.7yuanthis
February.Thepriceofdrinksandcakesusingsugaralsorose.
Manythingscometogethertopushpricesup.
4Oilismoreexpensive,badweatherisnotgoodforsugarcane(甘蔗),andso
productionisdown/saysBritishexpertSudakshinsaUnnikrishnan.'Butdemandfor
sugarisstillhigh,sothepricegoesup.'
Brazilproducesaboutone-tenthoftheworld'ssugar.Butinthepasttwoyears,
theworldoilpricedoubledandoilbecamemoreexpensive.Brazilbeganusinghalf
itssugarcanetoproduceethanol(酒精)asfuel.Itischeaper.
BadweatherhitAustralia,theworld'sthird-biggestsugarseller.Cyclone(颶
風(fēng))LarryinFebruaryruinedmorethan10percentofAustralia'ssugarcane.Notlong
ago,dryweatherhitThailand,theworld'ssecond-biggestsugarseller.
Whileproductiondropped,peoplewantedmoresugar.Developingcountries
likeChinaandIndiaareusingmore.Inthepast10years,theuseofsugarinChina
rosebyalmost50percent.
Answerthequestions:
1.Whydoesthepriceofice-creamatMcDonald'sgoup?
2.HowmuchdoyoupayfortwokilogramsofsugarthisyearinChina?
3.Wheredoesone-tenthoftheworld'ssugarcomefrom?
4.WhydidBrazilusehalfitssugarcanetoproduceethanolasfuel?
5.Australiaisthethirdbiggestsugarsellerintheworld,isn'tit?
6.What'soneofthecausesofhighersugarprices?
7.Inyouropinion,whatwillthehighersugarpricesbringus?
(9)
Youmustbefamiliarwiththesituation:Dad'sdriving,Mum'stellinghim
wheretogo.He'ssurethattheyneedtoturnleft.Butshesaysit'snotforanothertwo
blocks.Whohasthebettersenseofdirection?Menorwomen?
Theybothdo,anewstudysays,butindifferentways.
Menandwomen.Canadianresearchershavefound,havedifferentmethodsof
findingtheirway.Menlookquicklyatlandmarks(土也標(biāo))andheadoffinwhatthey
thinkistherightdirectionWomen.However,trytopicturethewholerouteindetail
andthenfollowthepathintheirhead,“Womentendtobemoredetailed,“said
EdwardCornell,wholedthestudyo"whilementendtobealittlebitfasterandalittle
bitmoreintuitive(直覺感知的)“Infact,saidCornell,"senseofdirection"isn'tone
skillbuttwo.
Thefirstisthe“surveymethod”.Thisiswhenyouseeanareafromabove,such
asaprintedmapYoucansee.forexample,wherethehospitalis,wherethechurchis
andthatthesupermarketisonitsright.Thesecondskillisthe“routemethod^^Thisis
whenyouuseaseriesofdirections.Yonstartfromthehospital,thenturnleft,turn
right,gouphill-andthenyouseethesupermarket.
Menaremorelikelytousethesurveymethodwhilewomenaremorelikelyto
useonerouteandfollowdirections.Bothwork,andneitherisbetter.Somescientists
insistthatthesedifferentskillshavealonghistory.Theyargueitisbecauseofthe
differenceintraditionalroles.
Inancienttimes,youngmenoftenwentfarawaywiththeoldermentofishor
hunt.Thetriptookhoursordaysandcoveredunfamiliarplaces.Theonlywayto
knowwhereyouwerewastousethesurveymethodtorememberlandmarks一the
mountains,thelakesandsoon.Thewomen,ontheotherhand,tookyounggirlsout
tofindfruitsandplants.Theseactivitiesweremuchclosertohomebutrequired
learningwell-usedpaths.So,women'ssenseofspacewasbasedonlearningcertain
routes.
(10)
Ties,orneckties,havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainfor
centuries.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reports
suggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.So,arethefamouslyformal
Britishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties?
Maybe.Lastweek,theUK'sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenly
welcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthe
costliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.
Infact,Blairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktail
party.Manyofthemwerecelebrities(矢口名人士)withoutties,whichwouldhavebeen
unimaginableevenintherecentpast.
ForsomemoreconservativeBritish,thetieisamustfbrproperappearance.
Earlier,LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehis
childrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghan,thetiewasasignof
beingcomplete,ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingto
church,toworkintheoffice,toaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.
Buttoday,peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.
Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplya"band”.Theterm
couldmeananythingaroundaman'sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.
Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashion
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